Abstract: An air conditioner includes an outdoor unit including a compressor for compressing a refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and outside air. A ventilation device is connected to the outdoor unit through a liquid refrigerant pipe, a high-pressure refrigerant pipe, and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe. The ventilation device supplies the outside air to an indoor space, and discharges indoor air to the outside. The ventilation device includes a case, a main heat exchanger, a recovery heat exchanger, a refrigerant distributor, and a re-heat heat exchanger. A liquid refrigerant pipe valve is disposed in the liquid refrigerant pipe for controlling an amount of refrigerant.

Abstract: A bendable vapor chamber structure includes a first plate body and a second plate body assembly. The first plate body has a first face and a second face on upper and lower sides. The second plate body assembly has multiple plate bodies and at least one bendable connection body. The bendable connection body is disposed between the plate bodies and connected with the plate bodies. The second plate body assembly is correspondingly mated with the first plate body to together define a receiving space. A first capillary structure is disposed in the receiving space. A working liquid is filled in the receiving space. By means of the bendable connection body, the vapor chamber is bendable.

Abstract: In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a phase change material, a hydrophobic sorption material, and a viscosity modifier. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a foam and a latent heat storage material dispersed in the foam, the latent heat storage material comprising a phase change material and a hydrophobic sorption material.

Abstract: A heat-activated fluid pump heats and cools a building. For cooling, an evaporator, coupled to a solar heater or comprising multi-pane windows with solar radiation-absorbent areas thermally coupled to a fluid cavity, converts a working fluid into a vapor. A pressure control valve allows vaporized working fluid into a liquid-piston chamber whenever a target pressure in the evaporator is exceeded. The working fluid expands, displacing liquid from the liquid-piston chamber in a pump stage where it enters a condenser situated in a vertical hole or covered horizontal trench in the ground. Ground-temperature pumped fluid returning to the liquid-piston chamber in a suction stage passes along the way through coils in rooms of the building. Check valves allow replenishment of the evaporator with return working fluid and direct flow of pumped fluid into and out of the liquid-piston chamber. For heating, the evaporator is in the ground.

Abstract: A single-package air conditioner unit may include a housing, an outdoor heat exchanger assembly, an indoor heat exchanger assembly, a compressor, and a plenum. The housing may define an outdoor portion and an indoor portion. The plenum may be attached to the housing and receivable within a wall channel defined by a structure wall. The plenum may define a primary air channel and a make-up air (MUA) inlet in fluid parallel with the primary air channel. The primary air channel may be disposed in fluid communication with the outdoor portion to permit air therebetween. The MUA inlet may be in fluid communication with the indoor portion to permit air thereto.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a power and fiber splice enclosure that includes a housing including electrical components is provided. The thermal management system includes a solar shield disposed external to the housing and covering at least a major portion of the housing. The thermal management system includes a vent disposed in the housing for venting hot air from the enclosure. The thermal management system includes a condenser thermally coupled to a heat conducting component of the enclosure for cooling at least the heat conducting component.

Abstract: An air conditioning appliance or a make-up air (MUA) assembly may include an intake conduit and a secondary air duct. The intake conduit may be attachable to a housing of the air conditioning appliance. The intake conduit may define an intake passage upstream from the indoor inlet. The intake conduit may further define a secondary inlet upstream from the intake passage to permit air thereto. The secondary air duct may extend from the intake conduit outside of the housing upstream from the secondary inlet to direct air thereto.

Abstract: An assembly for a turbine of a turbine engine, including a casing and an annular duct surrounding the casing, which can be connected to a device for supplying cooling air, and having a radially inner annular wall provided with openings arranged opposite the casing in order to cool same by the impact of cooling-air jets. The casing has a plurality of axial grooves including first grooves and second grooves arranged in alternation, and the openings are distributed in a plurality of annular rows in which any pair of consecutive annular rows is such that the openings of one of the annular rows of the pair are centered relative to the first grooves while the openings of the other annular row of the pair are centered relative to the second grooves.

Abstract: In an air conditioning system, a return compartment which is adjacent to a plurality of rooms 13, 14, 15 is formed in a building 1, the respective rooms 13, 14, 15 are provided with air intake sections 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d which spout air sent from a blowing section 40a, 40b, 40c 40d having a DC motor, an exhaust section 52 which forms exhausting current directed from the respective rooms 13, 14, 15 toward the return compartment is provided between the respective rooms 13, 14, 15 and the return compartment, the plurality of blowing sections 40a, 40b, 40c 40d and at least one air conditioning section 30a are placed in the return compartment, a total blast volume of the plurality of blowing sections 40a, 40b, 40c 40d is greater than a conditioned air volume of the air conditioning section 30a, and a blast volume of the blowing section 40a, 40b, 40c 40d is adjusted by an air conditioning load of the room 13, 14, 15.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a) a phase change material; b) 1 to 10 wt % of a silica gelling additive; and c) a styrene co-polymer gelling additive; wherein the composition is in the form of a gel and wherein the weight ratio of b) silica gelling additive to c) styrene co-polymer gelling additive in the composition is in the range from 0.6 to 5:1. The invention also provides a method of making the composition and an article and a product comprising the composition. Finally, the invention provides the use of a combination of a silica gelling additive and a styrene co-polymer gelling additive to make a gel composition comprising a phase change material with one or more improved properties.

Abstract: In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a phase change material, a hydrophobic sorption material, and a viscosity modifier. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a foam and a latent heat storage material dispersed in the foam, the latent heat storage material comprising a phase change material and a hydrophobic sorption material.

Abstract: Devices and methods for dasher board assemblies for sports such as hockey. The dasher board assemblies of various embodiments are configured to reduce impact forces when a user collides with the assembly by increasing the flexibility of the dasher board, which allows for a more gradual deceleration. In some embodiments, the dasher board assembly defines a gap behind the dasher board to allow space for deceleration. In certain embodiments, a foam material is placed between the dasher board and a frame of the assembly. In embodiments, a spline connects adjacent dasher boards without rigid connection to adjacent vertical frame elements. In embodiments, the assembly is configured to provide puck play characteristics that are comparable to conventional dasher board assemblies.

Abstract: A method for assembling a vacuum insulation assembly for an appliance is provided. The method includes steps of defining a plurality of spaces on a guide and positioning the guide flush with an inner surface of a panel. The method further includes a step of determining positions of a plurality of clips using the plurality of spaces of the guide. Another step of the method includes coupling the plurality of clips with the inner surface of the panel. The method also includes separating the guide from the panel and coupling permeable tubing with the plurality of clips.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit includes a passage having a heat exchanger; a blower for blowing air through the passage; a blower motor driving the blower in response to a drive signal; an energy recovery ventilator (ERV), the blower drawing outside air from the ERV; and a controller for adjusting the drive signal in a ventilation mode to reduce power used by the blower motor.

Abstract: A system for heating a door guide area includes: a first and second conduit for channeling a flow of heated air; a heater fluidly connected to the first conduit and configured to provide air to the first and second conduits; first and second openings providing fluid communication between the first and second conduits to allow the air to circulate through the first and second conduits; a heat transfer wall part of the second conduit, to transfer heat from the flow of heated air in the second direction to a space outside of the second conduit that is defined, in part, by the heat transfer wall; and two side supports connected to the heat transfer wall, the side supports located opposing each other and dimensioned and located along with the heat transfer wall to form three sides to encompass a portion of a roll-up door.

Abstract: Provided herein is a refrigerator with an improved coupling structure of a heat dissipation duct for dissipating heat generated in a display unit and having and applying the improved heat dissipation duct to a door having a thin thickness such that a problem in which a curve is generated at an exterior of a door when an inside of the door is filled with a heat insulating material is prevented. The refrigerator includes a main body, and a door, wherein the door includes a door cap coupled to at least one of an upper portion and a lower portion of the door, a display unit provided at a front surface of the door, a heat dissipation cover arranged behind the display unit, and a heat dissipation duct slidably inserted into the door through the at least one of the upper portion and the lower portion of the door.

Abstract: A bumper reinforcement has a bracket to which a brace is attached. A radiator support member has an attachment seat. The direction of an attachment surface of the bracket to which the brace is attached is the same as the direction of an attachment surface of the attachment seat to which the brace is attached. A through-hole having a long-hole shape to cope with the variation of the distance between through-holes of the attachment surfaces is formed in the brace.

Abstract: A component configured for impingement cooling includes an inner wall defining a plurality of apertures extending therethrough. Each aperture of the plurality of apertures is configured to emit a cooling fluid therethrough. The component also includes an outer wall that includes an exterior surface, an opposite interior surface, and a thickness defined therebetween. The component further includes a plurality of recesses defined in the outer wall. Each recess of the plurality of recesses extends from a recess first end to an opposite recess second end. The second recess end is defined at the interior surface, and the recess first end is positioned within the outer wall at a depth less than the thickness. Each recess is aligned with a corresponding aperture of the plurality of apertures to receive the cooling fluid therefrom.

Abstract: A bracket coupling structure includes a pair of brackets each coupling an upper part of a radiator support with a bumper R/F, and a hood lock coupled with the pair of brackets. The radiator support upper part is disposed in an upper portion of a front body structure and extends in a vehicle width direction for supporting an upper portion of a radiator body. The bumper R/F is disposed in a front portion of the front body structure and extends in the vehicle width direction. This structure provides a bracket structure which disperses a load generated when a force in the vertical compression direction acts on the hood lock in the front body structure.

Abstract: A method for providing personalized comfort to occupants of an environmentally conditioned space includes sensing a pre-adjustment pressure within a variable air volume diffuser, remotely adjusting a position an individually-adjustable directional outlet of the variable air volume diffuser, sensing a post-adjustment pressure within the variable air volume diffuser, and modifying the airflow through the variable air volume diffuser such that the post-adjustment pressure is equal to the pre-adjustment pressure. The variable air volume diffuser includes individually-adjustable directional outlets and a controller configured to regulate air pressure within the variable air volume diffuser when an individually adjustable directional outlet is adjusted. A user device in operative communication with the variable air volume diffuser includes a user interface to remotely adjust an adjustable directional outlet of the variable air volume diffuser to provide personalized comfort for the user.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supporting structure (10) for a front-end module of a motor vehicle, said supporting structure comprising a lower crossmember (13), a first side post (11), a second side post (12) and an upper crossmember (14). According to the invention, the supporting structure (10) comprises a first (40, 140, 240) and a second (50, 150, 250) supporting arm received within the supporting structure (10), the first supporting arm (40, 140, 240) being connected via the first end (41, 141, 241) thereof to the first side post (11) and via the second end (42, 142, 242) thereof to the upper crossmember (14), and/or the second supporting arm (50, 150, 250) being connected via the first end (51, 151, 251) thereof to the second side post (12) and via the second end (52, 152, 252) thereof to the upper crossmember (14). The invention also relates to a front-end module comprising such a supporting structure.

Abstract: A decorative panel includes a panel body with a suction port and an outlet port, and a suction grill attached to the suction port of the panel body. The suction grill includes a grill body positioned over the suction port, and an extension extending outward from the entire periphery of the grill body to overlap with a lower surface of the panel body. The extension is configured such that an end of a portion of the extension extending toward the outlet port is located closer to the suction port than an edge of the lower surface of the panel body facing the outlet port.

Abstract: In an air conditioner, an air cleaner includes a charging unit for charging particles in the air and a dust collecting unit for collecting the particles charged by the charging unit by an electrostatic force. A filter cleaning device includes a device body to house a filter for capturing dust in the air in a movable form, and a part of the device body forms a supporting part to support the air cleaner. An indoor unit body houses the filter cleaning device, and houses the air cleaner by supporting it by the supporting part.

Abstract: A greenhouse is disclosed having a light-transmitting barrier and a floor surface. The barrier and floor surface are connected to define an enclosure within the greenhouse for plant cultivation. The barrier includes an inner layer delimiting the enclosure and an outer layer. The inner and outer layers are impermeable to air to substantially prevent air from entering the enclosure through the inner layer. The outer layer is spaced apart above the inner layer to define an air passage therebetween. The air passage is in fluid communication with at least one air inlet in a bottom portion of the outer layer and with an air outlet in a top portion of the outer layer. Air within the air passage flows passively from the at least one air inlet to the air outlet upon being heated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an indoor unit of an air conditioner includes a housing, a centrifugal fan arranged inside the housing, and a heat exchanger arranged so as to surround the centrifugal fan, in which the heat exchanger includes an area cut in a direction of rotation of the centrifugal fan. A current plate provided at a final portion of the heat exchanger in the direction of the rotation of the centrifugal fan includes a first face which is extended in a height direction of the heat exchanger and blocks an air flow produced between the centrifugal fan and the heat exchanger and a second face protruded from the first face in a direction opposite the air flow. The indoor unit has an advantageous effect to suppress an inflow of air to a space where the heat exchanger is cut in the indoor unit to reduce the power consumption.

Abstract: The invention provides door and window sensors, which can be incorporated into building pressurization and depressurization systems, for use in protecting a building's escape routes against smoke ingress during a fire.

Abstract: A core discharge device is provided for discharging a sand core from a cast material in which the sand core contains a binder having water glass. The core discharge device includes a humidified gas supply device that supplies humidified gas to the sand core inside the cast molded article. The humidified gas is a gas to which humidity has been added and from which droplets have been removed.

Abstract: Building heating and/or cooling methods are provided that can include continuously distributing fluid from within conduits within a concrete floor of a building to conduits within grounds surrounding and/or supporting the building while transferring air to/from the interior of the building via a heat exchanger. Building heating/cooling systems are provided that can include: a building comprising walls and concrete floors; fluid containing conduit within the concrete floors; circulating fluid within the conduit; a least one heat exchanger operatively associated within the building and configured to transfer air to/from the building; and processing circuitry operatively coupled to fluid circulation controls and heat exchanger controls.

Abstract: A hair extension drying apparatus that comprises of a pedestal having a left, a right, a front, and a rear side. A column that is attached to the pedestal. A platform that that has a front and a rear side, the front side of the platform defines a vertical wall has a top and a bottom side, the top side of the vertical wall has a swivel, and the platform is attached to the column. A 3d L-shaped top that attaches to the swivel so that the vertical wall of the platform is flush with the 3d L-shaped top, the L-shaped top has a top and a bottom, the bottom side of the 3d L-shaped top defines a centrally positioned vertical wall that defines an aperture. A pair of springs, each spring is secured to the platform and the 3d L-shaped top so that the springs are aligned parallel to the front side of the platform, the springs are positioned at a location that is adjacent to the rear side of the platform. A line that is attached to the aperture of the centrally positioned vertical wall.

Abstract: Embodiments of a hybrid fan and active heat pumping system are disclosed. In some embodiments, the hybrid fan and active heat pumping system comprises a fan assembly and an active heat pumping system comprises a heat pump. The active heat pumping system is integrated with the fan assembly and is operable to actively cool or heat air as the air passes through the fan assembly. In some embodiments, the heat pump comprised in the active heat pumping system is a solid-state heat pump, a vapor compression heat pump, or a Stirling Cycle heat pump.

Abstract: An apparatus for deposition of a plurality of elements onto a solar cell substrate that comprises: a housing; a transporting apparatus to transport the substrate in and out of the housing; a first tubing apparatus to deliver powders of a first elements to the housing; a first source material tube located outside of the housing and joined to a feeder tube of the tubing apparatus; a valve located inside of the first source material tube sufficient to block access between the first source material tube and the first feeder tube; a first heating tube located inside of the housing and connected to the first feeder tube; a similar second tubing apparatus to deliver powders of a second elements to the housing; a loading station for loading the substrate onto the transporting apparatus; one or more thermal sources to heat the housing and the first and second heating tube.

Abstract: A front-end body is provided for a front end of a motor vehicle, wherein the front-end body has a first lateral supporting element and a second lateral supporting element. The lateral supporting elements are to be attached to a reference strut, which is provided on a base body, in order to align the front-end body with the base body. A transverse strut arrangement connects the first lateral supporting element and the second lateral supporting element such that an accommodation space, which is open in the vertical direction of the front-end body for accommodating an assembly, in particular a radiator assembly is formed between the first lateral supporting element and the second lateral supporting element. A stability element is detachably attached to the transverse strut arrangement at one end and can be indirectly or directly attached to the base body at the other end.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes: a process chamber configured to process a substrate; a substrate mounting stand installed in the process chamber and configured to hold the substrate; a heating part configured to heat the substrate; a gas rectifying part configured to supply a process gas to the substrate; a sealing part installed in the gas rectifying part; a heat insulating part installed between the sealing part and an upstream side surface of the gas rectifying part; and a first pressure adjusting part connected to the heat insulating part.

Abstract: A method of manipulating a cooling system of a data center includes designing a cooling system to address cooling needs in the data center, selecting components for the cooling system including one or more distribution boxes adapted to distribute coolant, one or more cooling racks, and flexible tubing to connect the one or more distribution boxes to the one or more cooling racks, assembling the components for the cooling system in the data center, operating the cooling system, identifying hot spots within the data center, and adjusting the location of one or more cooling racks in the data center based on the indentified hot spots in the data center.

Abstract: An indoor unit of an air conditioning apparatus includes an door unit casing and an airflow direction adjusting member. The indoor unit casing has an air inlet and an air outlet with an edge on an air inlet side forming a bulge toward the air inlet. The airflow direction adjusting member covers at least part of the air outlet. The airflow direction adjusting member has an edge on the air inlet side forming a bulge toward the air inlet.

Abstract: There is provided an air duct assembly. The air duct assembly has a deformable duct preform having securing portions formed along opposing longitudinal edges. Each securing portion has a flange portion and a radius portion. The air duct assembly further has a panel structure having a pair of longitudinal base members mounted thereon in an opposed, spaced, predetermined relationship. Each longitudinal base member has a retaining element along a longitudinal edge of the longitudinal base member. Each retaining element is pre-configured to engage the flange portion and the radius portion of each securing portion to attach the deformable duct preform to the longitudinal base members and to form an air-leak resistant seal. The deformable duct preform is adaptable in a cross-sectional profile in relation to variations in attachment of the deformable duct preform to the longitudinal base members.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method for controlling one or more outdoor devices, and an air conditioning system are provided. A freezing prevention function for an outdoor device may be activated or deactivated based on weather information received from an external weather information providing server or weather information input by a user, and freezing prevention may be performed using state and operation information of the outdoor device as necessary. Thus, user convenience may be improved, stability of the outdoor device and an air conditioning system having the same enhanced, and operation efficiency improved.

Abstract: A functional heat exchanger structure provides a hermetic seal for the power electronics. The heat exchanger includes one or more features built into the design. The features include a closed loop liquid circuit, air, or extended surfaces built-in to the design to transfer heat from the heat generating devices, spring clips snapped in built-in slots to mount heat-generating devices, preformed threaded rails to mount the printed circuit board (PCB), electrical isolation between the heat sink/cold plate and the electrical components, a sealed enclosure to provide environmental protection for the electronic components, a mounting feature to mount the sealed enclosure onto an external surface, an opening to accept a snap-in style cover, a stackable design, and an easily manifoldable configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an electrical component body, where the electrical component body is operative to vary power during operation. The apparatus may also include a thermal component in contact with at least a portion of the electrical component body, in which the thermal component comprises a matrix material, and a thermal energy storage material embedded in the matrix material to absorb heat generated by the electrical component body. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: An aircraft system carrier element includes a basic body made of a sound- and heat-insulating material, in which are formed an air conditioning duct, which is connectable to an aircraft air conditioning system and provided for supplying an aircraft compartment, and a line duct for receiving lines that are provided for supplying the aircraft compartment. The basic body includes a rear wall and a line duct cover that is fastened detachably to the rear wall. The detachable fastening of the line duct cover enables easy access to the lines for maintenance purposes, when necessary, while also protecting the lines against environmental effects in normal operation.

Abstract: A roof comprises a solar radiation heat recovery device that is invisible from the outside. The roof is made up of supports receiving a heat transfer network which has a longitudinal groove designed to receive the male profile of the protrusion of the heat recovery modules. The supports comprise arms which exert a lateral pressure on the flexible network. The resilient deformation of the network permits the sliding thereof between the arms to the clamped position. The groove of the network closes around the protrusion, immobilizing the module and holding the assembly in the support fixed to the roof frame. The roof is particularly intended to recover solar radiation heat in a way that is aesthetically pleasing, economical, simple and easy to install.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace system having a furnace body at least partially defined by a refractory wall and configured for holding a molten metal therein. The system further including one or more cooling elements, each including a working fluid contained therein and defining a heat absorption section and a heat rejection section. The heat absorption section configured for disposing within the refractory wall to absorb heat from the refractory wall. The heat rejection section configured to reside outside the refractory wall to reject heat absorbed by the heat absorption section. The working fluid generating a vapor flow within the one or more cooling elements in response to absorbed heat. The cooling system further including a coolant flow in contact with an exterior surface of the one or more cooling elements for dissipating heat from the heat rejection section. A cooling system for a metallurgical furnace and method of cooling are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for reducing temperature variation in a plenum includes at least one pipe and a plurality of sumps containing a fluid operable to vary between a liquid state and a gaseous state depending upon a temperature of the fluid. The plurality of sumps are positioned at various locations within the plenum and the at least one pipe is in fluid communication with the plurality of sumps. In addition, the fluid, in the gaseous state, is caused to move through the at least one pipe and condense, thereby reducing the temperature at the location of the sump where the fluid was vaporized and thereby reducing temperature variation in the plenum.

Abstract: A heat dissipating structure for an iron-sheet house includes two frames fixed to left and right sides of a roof. The frames define a ventilation space in communication with an inside of a house including the roof. Each frame includes a hollow interior, at least one lower opening communicating the hollow interior with an outside of the house, and at least one vent communicating the hollow interior with the ventilation space. The frames are interconnected by connecting members. Two adjacent connecting members respectively have two mutually facing grooves. A shielding plate is mounted between two adjacent connecting members and is fixed to upper ends of the frames to cover the ventilation space, with the shielding plate including front and rear ends respectively engaged in the two mutually facing grooves respectively of the two adjacent connecting members and bonded to the two adjacent connecting members by silicon glue.

Abstract: A chamber system includes: a housing section that is surrounded by a bottom part, a side wall part, and a ceiling part and houses a processing apparatus; and a heat-insulating section that is provided in each of the bottom part, the side wall part, and the ceiling part, and regulates transfer of heat between the housing section and the outside of the housing section.

Abstract: The efficiency of radiant space heating or cooling is improved and the use of renewable energy sources enabled by reducing the resistance of the thermal path through cladding used in the floor, walls or ceiling of a domestic or commercial living space. The resistance of the thermal path is reduced by constructing the cladding with an array of thermal bridges each comprising a thermal shunt connected to a heat-collecting layer and to a heat-dispersing layer. Such bridged cladding extends the range of choice of interior cladding and of configuration of radiant system.

Abstract: A furnace or other heat exchanger application for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems having condensate control. Specifically, a condensate control for secondary heat exchangers is provided for use with high efficiency furnaces, particularly for small tonnage systems, such as residential or unitary systems. Condensate management permits a plurality of furnace orientations while providing resistance to corrosion due to liquid condensate.

Abstract: An indoor unit of an air conditioner having an improved frame structure in which a refrigerant pipe that connects an outdoor unit and the indoor unit can be easily connected. The indoor unit of the air conditioner includes: a frame; a heat exchanger mounted on the frame and having a refrigerant pipe in which a refrigerant flows; a hanger plate mounted on a rear surface of the frame and fixing the frame onto a wall surface; and a holder plate mounted on a lower portion of the frame, fixing the frame and the hanger plate, and supported by a fixing member of the wall surface. The holder plate selectively opens/closes the lower portion of the frame so that a pipe connection operation can be easily performed.

Abstract: An optical transceiver cooling assembly includes stacked cages mounted to a PCB. A heat radiator also is mounted on the PCB. Cooling devices (e.g., heat pipes) are coupled to the heat radiator and at least one of the cages. In some embodiments, the cages may include a divider that extends beyond the cage and is coupled to at least one of the cooling devices outside the cage. In some embodiments, the cooling devices extend into the cage and may be coupled together.

Abstract: One aspect provides a heating device comprising a firebox having a hearth therein and first and second heat exchange chambers, and a heat exchanging plate having a first surface and a second opposing surface. The heat exchanging plate is suspended above the hearth, such that the first surface is located between the hearth and the second surface. The heat exchanging plate has lower protrusions extending from the first surface and into the first heat exchange chamber, and upper protrusions extending from the second surface and into the second heat exchange chamber. A method of manufacturing a heating device is also disclosed.