Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner for attempting to improve on the corrosion of the outdoor unit. The air conditioner of the present invention for performing a cooling operation and a heating operation by switching a four side valve, that includes an outdoor side heat exchanger operating as a condenser during the cooling operation and an evaporator during the heating operation, and having fins and heat transfer tubes, wherein the outdoor side heat exchanger is placed on a baseboard which configures a lower portion of a chassis of the outdoor unit, comprises the fins and the heat transfer tubes of the outdoor side heat exchanger that are constructed with aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the baseboard that is constructed with Zn—Al plated steel board or Zn—Al—Mg plated steel board.

Abstract: As discussed herein, a first aspect of the present invention provides a device for enabling an HVAC component to be easily connected to, and disconnected from, an HVAC system. The device can include a modular distribution box, hot and cold HVAC fluid inlet pipes, HVAC component supply and HVAC component return pipes, and hot and cold HVAC fluid outlet pipes, each of which can be coupled to the modular distribution box, and each of which can have a connector. The hot HVAC fluid inlet pipe's connector can be configured to connect to a hot HVAC pipe, and the cold HVAC fluid inlet pipe's connector can be configured to connect to a cold HVAC pipe. The HVAC component supply pipe's connector can be configured to connect to an inlet pipe of the HVAC component, and the HVAC component return pipe's connector can be configured to connect to an outlet pipe of the HVAC component.

Abstract: A method for operating a refrigeration system for a container for refrigerating chilled cargo, and a system employing the method. The method includes providing a refrigeration system including a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, an evaporator fan, and a heater. The method also includes determining the temperature of the supply air discharged into the container and the return air from the container, determining one of a requirement for heating and a requirement for cooling based on the temperatures of the return air and the supply air, activating the evaporator fan when a requirement for heating is determined and increasing the speed of the evaporator fan when increased heating is determined, and activating the compressor and the evaporator fan when a requirement for cooling is determined and increasing the power supplied to the compressor and maintaining the evaporator fan at a first speed when increased cooling is determined.

Abstract: An An air conditioning system includes an indoor heat exchanger, a fan, a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, and a control device. The fan sends air cooled or heated by the indoor heat exchanger and the like to a room in a house via a duct. The compressor is installed outside the house and the capacity thereof can be controlled. The outdoor heat exchanger, together with the indoor heat exchanger and the compressor, forms a heat pump. The control device controls the capacity of the compressor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for conditioning air inside an enclosure. The systems and methods may comprise: (1) a plurality of flow tunnels for passage of a heat-transfer fluid; (2) a thermoelectric cooler in thermal communication with the flow tunnels for thermally conditioning the heat-transfer fluid in the flow tunnels; (3) an air inlet for receiving unconditioned air; (4) a thermal exchange assembly for facilitating thermal exchange between the thermally conditioned heat-transfer fluid and the unconditioned air to result in conditioning of the air; and (5) an air outlet for outputting the conditioned air into the enclosure.

Abstract: A heat pump refrigerant system is provided with at least two sequential stages of compression. An intercooler is positioned intermediate the two stages. The refrigerant flowing through the intercooler. is cooled by a secondary fluid such as ambient air. The intercooler is positioned to be in a path of air flow passing over an outdoor heat exchanger, and preferably upstream of the outdoor heat exchanger, in relation to this air flow. Benefits with regard to efficiency and capacity are achieved due to proposed system configuration in both heating and cooling modes of operation, while no additional circuitry or components are required to provide the intercooler function for the heat pump refrigerant system. This invention is particularly important for the CO2 heat pump refrigerant systems operating in the transcritical cycle.

Abstract: A heat pump liquid heater for heating a liquid comprising: a heat pump; a liquid tank in heat communication with the heat pump, wherein the liquid tank comprises the liquid; and at least one metal condenser tube immersed into the liquid, wherein the metal condenser tube forms at least one coil. The metal condenser tube has a flattened double-tube configuration and a cross-section defined by concentric ovals such that at least a portion of the concentric ovals is in contact with one another thereby minimizing space between the flattened double-tubes. The heat pump comprises a tube-in-tube heat exchanger and a compressor, wherein the tube-in-tube heat exchanger recovers heat from refrigerant returning from the liquid tank and transfers the recovered heat to refrigerant going to the compressor thereby superheating the refrigerant.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes at least a magnetic disc disposed in parallel along a rotary shaft thereof, permanent magnets installed within rotational radii of the respective magnetic discs, and applying magnetic fields to the magnetic disc rotating within a predetermined section, a heat exchanger for heating installed on a side of the permanent magnets, and having at least a heat radiation fin, and a heat exchanger for cooling installed on a side opposite the permanent magnets, and having at least a heat absorption fin.

Abstract: A self-contained, fully-integrated, energy efficient heating and cooling system or apparatus for conditioning the air on the interior of a building which includes a means for creating airflow through the apparatus, a section for cooling the airflow, a section for heating the airflow, a means for directing the airflow into the cooling section or into the heating section, a reheat device for tempering (i.e., reheating) the airflow exiting the cooling section, a return air section for receiving air returned to the apparatus from the building interior, and a means for pulling the returned air out of the return air section and venting the returned air to the environment outside of the building. The heating section of the present invention also provides a “four-pass” heat exchanger which may be assembled from sections of cast iron or other suitable materials, and a high efficiency combustion burner which may be integrated into the four-pass heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system for defrosting an air-to-air heat pump system is disclosed. A bypass loop transfers refrigerant at a higher temperature and pressure than is normally cycled through the outdoor unit to an outdoor coil to defrost ice on the outdoor coil. The bypass loop includes a valve movable between closed and open positions. A sensor monitors a preselected condition indicative of outdoor coil performance. A controller communicates with the valve and the sensor. Once the controller determines that a preselected set point of a preselected condition indicative of deteriorating performance has been reached, the controller sends a signal to open the valve, allowing warm refrigerant to bypass expansion valves and flow to the outdoor unit to defrost the outdoor unit. Once defrosting is accomplished, the valve can be moved to a closed position to resume normal operation of the heat pump unit.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a suction line for gaseous or two phase refrigerant output from an evaporator and a capillary tube carrying cooled refrigerant to the evaporator. The suction line includes first and second substantially parallel straight cylindrical portions connected in series, with first and second portions of the capillary tube in series and helically wound around the suction line second and first portions, respectively. A valve for bypassing the capillary tube is responsive to a selected pressure differential between the capillary tube inlet and outlet. A U-shaped portion or accumulator connect the suction line first and second portions. An accumulator alternately is between the evaporator and the suction line portion wound by the capillary tube, with a phase separation chamber connected to an accumulator by a vertical pipe. The accumulator includes a discharge opening to return the oil to the system.

Abstract: A combined refrigerator-oven (20) includes an enclosed chamber (28) having a top wall (22), a bottom wall (24), and vertical side walls (26). The refrigerator-oven (20) further includes a heating unit (50) and a refrigeration unit (70). A controller (118) is in communication with the heating unit (50) and the refrigeration unit (70). When a cooling mode is selected, the controller (118) activates the refrigeration unit (70) to deliver cool air (62) into the enclosed chamber (28). When a heating mode is selected, the controller (118) activates the heating unit (50) to produce heat (66) in the enclosed chamber (28).

Abstract: A self-contained, fully-integrated, energy efficient heating and cooling system or apparatus for conditioning the air on the interior of a building which includes a means for creating airflow through the apparatus, a section for cooling the airflow, a section for heating the airflow, a means for directing the airflow into the cooling section or into the heating section, a reheat device for tempering (i.e., reheating) the airflow exiting the cooling section, a return air section for receiving air returned to the apparatus from the building interior, and a means for pulling the returned air out of the return air section and venting the returned air to the environment outside of the building. The heating section of the present invention also provides a “four-pass” heat exchanger which may be assembled from sections of cast iron or other suitable materials, and a high efficiency combustion burner which may be integrated into the four-pass heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel structured air-conditioner with both cooling and warming functions, comprising a compressor, an out-door heat exchanger, an in-door heat exchanger and a four-way change-over valve, characterized in that it further comprises a parallel capillary device, a parallel expansion valve device or a combination of parallel capillary and expanding valve connected with the in-door and the out-door heat exchanger respectively. Said parallel capillary device, said parallel expansion valve device or the combination comprises a two-position three-way change-over valve or one-way valve with opposite direction of leading through and two groups of parallel capillary tube, two groups of parallel expanding valve, parallel capillary tube and expanding valve or a combination of two groups of series capillary tube and expansion valve.

Abstract: In a cooling system for cooling first and second heat-generating members, the first heat-generating member is cooled by a refrigerator, and cold produced by the refrigerator is stored in a cold storage unit, so that both the first and second heat-generating members can be continuously cooled by only using a single adsorption unit. Therefore, production cost of the cooling system can be reduced. Further, because the second heat-generating member is cooled through the cold storage unit, a temperature change in the adsorption unit immediately after a switching between an adsorbing mode and a desorbing mode can be absorbed in the cold storage unit. Accordingly, the heat-generating members can be stably cooled while the component number of the cooling system can be decreased.

Abstract: A system used to program and coordinate the cooking operations for two or more ovens such that the cooking operations are completed at the same time, independent of particular setting variations. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a single controller is utilized to program each of the ovens, with the controller incorporating an auto sequencing feature which causes the different cooking operations to be automatically performed, while terminating at the same time. Preferably, the system enables a second cooking operation to be programmed and initiated after a first cooking operation, while still providing for the auto sequencing of the cooking operation. Furthermore, a system is provided to enable the refrigerating of food items in one or more of the ovens prior to initiating a respective cooking operation.

Abstract: An improvement in defrosting an air-to-air heat pump system when in the heating mode. A bypass loop transfers refrigerant that is at a higher temperature and pressure than refrigerant normally cycled through the outdoor unit and transfers it to the outdoor coil. This higher temperature refrigerant can then defrost the outdoor coil and any ice that has been formed on the outdoor coil by heating it as the refrigerant passes through it. The bypass loop includes a valve that is capable of being controlled remotely, the valve being movable from a closed position to an open position. A sensor is positioned to monitor a preselected condition indicative of performance of the outdoor unit. The performance of the outdoor unit is an effective way of determining whether icing is inhibiting its operation. A controller is in communication with both the valve and the sensor.

Abstract: The controller 70 of the brine supply device 10 performs the PID calculation of the manipulated variable MV of the valve 14, calculates the compensated manipulated variable MV′ by compensating the manipulated value MV, and controls the operation of the valve 14 based on the compensated manipulated variable MV′. The variation &Dgr;MV of the manipulated variable MV becomes proportional to the variation &Dgr;PV of the brine supply temperature Pt1 as the operation of the valve 14 is controlled with the compensated manipulated variable MV′. This makes it possible to control temperature with a high accuracy using only one set of PID constants.

Abstract: A portable apparatus has a base section that includes a blower, and can be configured for heating or evaporative cooling. By attaching a heating attachment, a gas heating apparatus is provided, and there is no open and/or visible flame. The heating attachment can be replaced with an evaporative cooling attachment, so that evaporative cooling can be performed using the same base with the evaporative cooling attachment. A system of switching pulleys and/or belts to change blower speed, as well as a single switch that operates both devices, is also provided. Thus, a portable heating and evaporative cooling apparatus is provided that has a wide range of industrial application, and that overcomes the related art cost of separate heating and evaporative cooling apparatuses.

Abstract: A combined refrigerator-oven (20) includes an enclosed chamber (28) having a top wall (22), a bottom wall (24), and vertical side walls (26). The refrigerator-oven (20) further includes a heating unit (50) and a refrigeration unit (70). A controller (118) is in communication with the heating unit (50) and the refrigeration unit (70). When a cooling mode is selected, the controller (118) activates the refrigeration unit (70) to deliver cool air (62) into the enclosed chamber (28). When a heating mode is selected, the controller (118) activates the heating unit (50) to produce heat (66) in the enclosed chamber (28).

Abstract: Cooling equipment, which may be connected to the water discharge from a working or operating machine with a water (20/20′) cooling circuit (2) to make the water re-circulate once cooled (24), characterized in that the cooling equipment comprises: at least one cooling tower (21-21′) with an extended surface for wetting and evaporation; at least one air flow generator device (3-31) for easing the evaporation; at least one closed cycle frigorific circuit (1) whose condenser (12) is placed downstream (12′) of the cooling tower (21-21′) with respect to the air flow (3-31) and whose evaporator (14) is placed downstream of the water cooling circuit (2) for exchanging heat with the cooled water (22) in the cooling tower (2-21′) for then making the water re-circulate in the operating machine (24).

Abstract: A refrigerating cycle apparatus that inhibits system corrosion and abnormally high pressure during startup of a first refrigerant circuit by preventing air from penetrating into a refrigerant compressor during low-temperature startup of a second auxiliary refrigerant circuit. An apparatus evaporator heats air flowing through an air conditioning duct as a high temperature/high pressure gas refrigerant discharged from an engine-driven compressor is guided through a pressure-reducing unit and the evaporator, bypassing a condenser. Thereafter, the refrigerant is returned to the compressor, which is automatically stopped when a compressor suction pressure, or a physical quantity representative of the suction pressure, becomes lower than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A refrigerating cycle apparatus having a hot gas bypass heating mode that quickly recovers refrigerant in the condenser side to the evaporator side to maximize the work performed by the compressor in the hot gas bypass heating mode, to thereby maximize hot gas bypass heating capacity. Specifically, in a refrigerating cycle apparatus in which operation of a hot gas bypass heating mode is carried out with the inlet side of a condenser closed and the inlet side of a hot gas bypass conduit opened by valves, refrigerant in the condenser side is recovered to the evaporator side by operating the compressor for a predetermined time with the inlet sides of both the condenser and the hot gas bypass conduit closed by the valves.

Abstract: An auxiliary active heating and air conditioning system which uses a fuel fired heater as an energy source for both heating and air conditioning a passenger area of a motor vehicle. The system also utilizes a single heat exchanger to supply both heated and cooled air to the passenger area. The system includes a fuel fired heater for heating heat transfer fluid and a two bed sorber cooling system. The system being operable in a heating mode and a cooling mode. In the heating mode, the heated heat transfer fluid from the fuel fired heater is directed to heat exchanger in order to heat the passenger compartment. In the cooling mode, the heat transfer fluid from the heater is alternately directed to the two sorber beds such that one sorber bed is heated while the other bed cools. The alternate heating and cooling of the sorber beds in the cooling mode causes the sorber cooling system to operate and thereby deliver cooled heat transfer fluid to the heat exchanger in the passenger area.

Abstract: A vapor compression air conditioning (cooling and heating) system adapted for operation to reduce the consumption of electric power during peak periods of demand for power is characterized by four refrigerant circuits. A first circuit includes a compressor, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. A second circuit comprises the compressor, the first heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger. A third circuit comprises the third heat exchanger, a refrigerant pump and a thermal energy storage unit characterized by a tank having a thermal energy storage medium disposed therein. A fourth circuit includes the thermal energy storage unit, the refrigerant pump and a fourth heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is an outdoor heat exchanger. The second and fourth heat exchangers are indoor heat exchangers in heat transfer relationship with the fluid (e.g., indoor supply air) to be cooled or heated.

Abstract: A vapor compression air conditioning (cooling and heating) system adapted for operation to reduce the consumption of electric power during peak periods of demand for power is characterized by three refrigerant circuits. A refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, outdoor heat exchanger and first indoor heat exchanger for selectively cooling or heating an indoor air space and a second refrigerant circuit comprises the compressor, outdoor heat exchanger and a thermal energy storage unit characterized by a tank having a thermal energy storage medium disposed therein and a heat exchanger coil in communication with the compressor and outdoor heat exchanger for cooling the thermal energy storage medium. A third refrigerant circuit includes the thermal energy storage heat exchanger coil, a refrigerant pump and another indoor heat exchanger in communication with the fluid (e.g., indoor air) to be cooled or heated.

Abstract: An air conditioner is selectively operable in a main heating mode, a cooling mode and an auxiliary heating mode. In the main heating and cooling modes, refrigerant is circulated through a main line which includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger. In the auxiliary heating mode, the compressor is not activated, and the refrigerant is circulated through an auxiliary line having opposite ends connected by valves to the main line at opposite sides of the indoor heat exchanger. A pump and heater are disposed in the auxiliary line so that in the auxiliary heating mode, refrigerant is circulated by the pump through the heater and the indoor heat exchanger and back to the pump.

Abstract: A heater core is connected with an engine to receive a hot engine-coolant, which operates as a main heater. An evaporator in a refrigerating cycle operates as an auxiliary heater. A condenser is connected to an outlet of the compressor, and the evaporator is connected to an inlet of the compressor. A bypass conduit is provided, one end of which is connected to the outlet side of the compressor and another end of which is connected to an inlet side of the evaporator. A expansion valve is disposed in the bypass conduit. In heating stage, the compressed hot refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows into the bypass conduit. The refrigerant is expanded by the expansion valve and radiates the heat in the evaporator.

Abstract: An air conditioner has a refrigeration system with a compressor, a motor for air-circulating fans, indoor and outdoor heat exchangers and a four-way valve connected through refrigerant conduits such that it can be operated selectably both for cooling and for heating. An electric heater is also provided for heating. An electrical circuit for the air conditioner has a series connection of (1) a first temperature switch which opens when the temperature of the motor becomes too high, (2) a thermostat of an ordinary kind which places its connector piece in an open or closed position by comparing room temperature with a user-set temperature level, (3) a relay which controls the switching of the compressor of the air conditioner on and off, and (4) a second temperature switch which opens when the temperature of the electric heater becomes too high.

Abstract: An integrated three-chamber absorption refrigeration and heat pump system with improved defrost capabilities having a solution pair including a material of unusable fluid stability at higher temperatures when manipulated in an apparatus and system to take advantage of its properties. Disclosed materials of a solution pair for operation as part of the system of this invention are ammonia as the refrigerant and sodium thiocyanate as the absorbent. A heat transfer sub-system is provided, for conveying a working fluid between the components, having multiple switchable valve means, including first, second, and third valve members selectively switchable to convey the working fluid from the cooling mode to the heating mode and vice versa, as well as to the defrost mode.

Abstract: A calorimeter for measuring the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions, microbial fermentations, and other processes of industrial importance is described. The present invention also relates to a method of operation of this apparatus.

Abstract: A pulse combustion powered apparatus is disclosed for temperature conditioning and pressurizing fluids. The alternating periods of positive and negative pressure of the combustion gases of a pulse combustion burner drive a reciprocating compressor and the rejected engine heat is recovered by heat exchange with a primary fluid. The compressor may be included in a reversible refrigeration circuit to provide heating and cooling of secondary fluids.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for recovery of waste heat from thermomechanical pulping systems and the like in which waste heat in the form of steam exhausted from the mechanical pulper and latency chest portions of the thermomechanical pulping system are respectively passed through first and second evaporators which increase the enthalpy of the working liquid. The working fluid outputted from the first evaporator passes through a first compressor to significantly increase both pressure and temperature and further increase enthalpy. The working fluid at the outlet of the first compressor then undergoes desuperheating within an intercooling tank. The liquid phase of the working fluid is passed from said tank to the inputs of both evaporators, while the vapor phase merges with the working fluid outputted from the second evaporator and enters a second compressor to undergo further increases in pressure and temperature.

Abstract: A multi-stage heating system comprising two or more heating stage units. Each unit holds a saturated solution of a hygroscopic solute in contact with solid solute and the units are connected in series in such a way that solution from one unit is fed into an evaporator in the next following unit. In each unit, vapour is brought in contact with the saturated solution to be absorbed by the latter, whereby the solution heats up and the so-heated solution is fed to the evaporator of the next following heating stage. The last heating stage unit is designed for the withdrawal of heat for consumption. If desired, the last unit may also be adapted for cooling. To this end this unit is associated with an external water evaporator which by heat exchange cools the solution inside the last heating stage unit to ambient or slightly above ambient temperature.

Abstract: An air conditioning system of the air cycle heat pump type for selectively heating and cooling a residence or similar space environment. In one embodiment, a combustor and associated Brayton cycle turbine provide the primary drive to a compressor constituting the heat pump. In a second embodiment, the Brayton turbine is replaced by an electric motor coupled to drive the compressor shaft. An auxiliary turbine is also coupled to the drive shaft to provide auxiliary drive derived from the operation of a portion of the system at sub-atmospheric pressure. In this portion, during the cooling mode, water is evaporated into the system to further assist in cooling by removing the latent heat of vaporization.

Abstract: An improved multimode heat-pump type heating system designed to heat a plurality of rooms efficiently under a variety of ambient temperature conditions. When in its first mode the heat pump system employs an operating fluid, such as ammonia, and an absorbing liquid, such as water. The ammonia is initially evaporated in a cold heat source so as to absorb or extract heat therefrom. It is then absorbed by the absorbing liquid and both transported to a boiler where the two are again separated. The absorbing liquid returns to the absorbing area while the operating fluid flows to a condenser and condensed after which it is returned directly to the evaporator. A plurality of heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from the operating fluid, the absorbing liquid or the system to a room heating fluid. In the second mode, the evaporator and absorbing portions of the system are bypassed and only the operating fluid circulates from the condenser to the boiler past heat exchangers in order to heat the operating fluid.

Abstract: A food processing unit and method of processing food uses a housing which receives vertically disposed layers of food product. The temperature of the fluid within the housing is controlled to process the food product. A pressurized fluid is supplied into the housing and the fluid within the housing is then induced to circulate by directing a flow of fluid from the pressurized fluid in a substantially horizontal direction through spaces between layers of the food product. The directed fluid flow may be distributed within the housing so that heat transferred in zones from the fluid throughout the layers of food product or the directed fluid may be redirected to flow in those spaces adjacent spaces through which the fluid is initially directed so that the flow of ambient fluid within the housing is induced to circulate around each layer of food product.

Abstract: A method of heating with an absorption heat pump in which absorber pressure is produced independently of evaporation pressure by a compressor, and/or the lean mixture returning to the absorber is cooled in a main heat exchanger to temperatures lower than is possible in the heat exchanger located between the absorber and the desorber, and the desorber is operated adiabatically. A jet apparatus may be used as a compressor unit. The cooling agent cycle may be shut off in case of inadequate evaporator pressure dependent on the outside temperature, and the mixture cycle may be used as a heat carrier. The heat exchanger may be bypassed during heat carrier operation and the heat may be delivered exclusively via the main heat exchanger. If the desorber operates on oil, gas or solid fuel, fuel gases may be cooled in a unit behind the desorber by a medium to be heated. The flue gas is used for evaporating liquid cooling agent and the vaporous cooling agent is used for driving the compressor.

Abstract: Bivalent heating system having a directly fired heat pump with an absorber and a burner-heated generator disposed in a refrigerant circulation loop, the refrigerant loop being coupled through heat exchanging means to a heating medium loop for space heating and including control means activatable when a predetermined ambient temperature is reached for increasing fuel supply to the burner of the heat pump and for switching circulation in the refrigerant loop from heat pump operation to pure heat exchanger operation.

Abstract: An air heating and cooling system for a building includes an expansion-type refrigeration circuit and a heat engine. The refrigeration circuit includes two heat exchangers, one of which is communicated with a source of indoor air from the building and the other of which is communicated with a source of air from outside the building. The heat engine includes a heat rejection circuit having a source of rejected heat and a primary heat exchanger connected to the source of rejected heat. The heat rejection circuit also includes an evaporator in heat exchange relation with the primary heat exchanger, a heat engine indoor heat exchanger, and a heat engine outdoor heat exchanger. The indoor heat exchangers are disposed in series air flow relationship, with the heat engine indoor heat exchanger being disposed downstream from the refrigeration circuit indoor heat exchanger.

Abstract: In an air conditioning system for a load, air is used as the refrigerant, and identical components including a turbocompressor and a regenerative heat exchanger are used for both cooling in the refrigeration mode and heating in the heat pump mode. A plurality of valves are arranged so that in the refrigeration mode the refrigerant air operates in a closed dry air loop to avoid problems associated with moisture. In the heat pump mode the valves are arranged to cause the refrigerant air to operate open loop by using ambient air as the input to the cycle, and avoiding icing problems by rejecting the refrigerant air, together with any ice present, back into the ambient. Operation closed loop in the refrigeration mode and open loop in the heat pump mode results in maximum cycle efficiency with minimum difficulty caused by moisture entrained in the refrigerant air.

Abstract: A solar heat utilized air-conditioning system comprising: a solar heat collecting unit for producing warm water by heating a circulating heating medium water by solar heat obtained by collector plates disposed in parallel with each other; an absorption type refrigerating machine for producing cold water by provoking a refrigerating cycle, using the warm water produced by said solar heat collecting unit as the heat source for a generator; a main heat exchanger which indirectly heat-exchanges an intake fresh-air for a circulating cold or warm water in an air-conditioning unit disposed on the way of a fresh-air intake path to a space to be air-conditioned, thereby to produce cooling or heating air; an air-cooling and heating apparatus capable of selectively supplying the circulating cold or warm water to said main heat exchanger; and an auxiliary heat exchanger capable of selectively flowing either warm water produced by said solar heat collecting unit or cold water produced by said absorption type refrigerating

Abstract: A cooling and heating system utilizing solar heat comprises a heat collector for heating a circulating heat medium with solar heat, an absorption refrigerator operable with the heat medium heated by the heat collector and serving as a generating heat source to provide a chilled medium, and an air-conditioning unit for circulating the chilled medium or the heated medium alternatively therethrough to cool or heat the space to be air-conditioned. The system further comprises a bypass line provided with an auxiliary refrigerator of the dual-effect type and connected to an intermediate portion of a line extending from the absorption refrigerator to the air-conditioning unit for supplying chilled medium or the heated medium to the unit. Change-over means is provided for passing the chilled medium or the heated medium through the bypass line.

Abstract: A heat transfer and storage system for heating and cooling an enclosure, and including a heat pump having an indoor coil and an outdoor coil and a heat storage facility. The system can be operated to exchange heat between a refrigerant fluid from the heat pump and a heat transfer fluid from the heat storage facility, between the refrigerant fluid and ambient air, and between the heat transfer fluid and ambient air. In a preferred embodiment an integrated three medium heat exchanger is utilized in association with the outdoor coil of the heat pump and a water coil operatively connected to a water tank; and the three medium heat exchanger can effect heat exchange between the refrigerant and the water, between the refrigerant and outdoor air, and between the water and outdoor air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conditioning air in an enclosure wherein the air is passed through a heat exchanger where the air is heated or cooled by a primary gas in the heat exchanger; the primary gas flows through a conditioning power circuit wherein the primary gas is compressed thereby heating the same; the compressed primary gas is then either passed through the heat exchanger to heat the air or is further compressed, cooled and allowed to expand to cool the primary gas which then passes through the heat exchanger to cool the air.

Abstract: The present system employs a turbine engine system which has three turbo rotor sections coupled to the same drive shaft. The first section employs a high temperature multi-stage expansion turbine to provide the major source of mechanical power. The second section employs a multi-stage turbo compressor which functions to compress air from the ambient, and such compression provides heat, through an interstage heat exchanger, to a heat reservoir, which may be an enclosure which it is desired to heat, or the atmosphere. The third section takes part of the compressed air from said second section and, (after said air is cooled either to near ambient temperature in the cooling mode or near the enclosure temperature in the heating mode) expands that air in a low temperature multi-stage expansion turbine to accomplish three goals. First, the expansion of the compressed air drives the expansion turbine to provide a second source of mechanical power which assists in driving the compressor section.

Abstract: An air heating and cooling system for a building includes an expansion-type refrigeration circuit and a heat engine. The refrigeration circuit includes two heat exchangers, one of which is communicated with a source of indoor air from the building and the other of which is communicated with a source of air from outside the building. The heat engine includes a heat rejection circuit having a source of rejected heat and a primary heat exchanger connected to the source of rejected heat. The heat rejection circuit also includes an evaporator in heat exchange relation with the primary heat exchanger, a heat engine indoor heat exchanger, and a heat engine outdoor heat exchanger. The indoor heat exchangers are disposed in series air flow relationship, with the heat engine indoor heat exchanger being disposed downstream from the refrigeration circuit indoor heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system to accomplish both air cooling and air heating of indoor space by utilizing solar energy. In principle the disclosed system is an absorption refrigeration system, wherein a solution of an evaporable refrigerant in a less evaporable solvent is passed through a solar collector-generator, but the system has additional fluid passages with the provision of changeover valves arranged so as to pass the refrigerant in heated and vaporized state from the collector-generator to an indoor heat exchanger, bypassing the condenser of the refrigerator, thereby to accomplish air heating and return the refrigerant in liquid state from the heat exchanger to the collector-generator, bypassing the absorber of the refrigerator.

Abstract: An energy recovery system for industrial plants or similar installations providing for recovery and utilization of heat from relatively low temperature waste heat sources. The system includes refrigeration units operated as heat pumps to absorb the recovered heat from each of the sources in the evaporator and transfer heat to heat-using processes from the condenser. The heat transfer media circulated from and to the evaporator and condenser are accumulated in thermal storage tanks which allow for maintenance of temperature gradations in the media to allow control of the condenser operating temperature and in order to recover the maximum thermal energy from the media received from various recovery heat exchanger units.

Abstract: An integrated three-chamber absorption refrigeration and heat pump system with improved defrost capabilities having a solution pair including a material of .[.unusable.]. .Iadd.unusual .Iaddend.fluid stability at higher temperatures when manipulated in an apparatus and system to take advantage of its properties. Disclosed materials of a solution pair for operation as part of the system of this invention are ammonia as the refrigerant and sodium thiocyanate as the absorbent. A heat transfer sub-system is provided, for conveying a working fluid between the components, having multiple switchable valve means, including first, second, and third valve members selectively switchable to convey the working fluid from the cooling mode to the heating mode and vice versa, as well as to the defrost mode.