Abstract: A scroll-type fluid machine such as a scroll compressor or a scroll vacuum pump generates compression heat during compressing operation. A scroll body comprises a stationary scroll and an orbiting scroll that is revolved with respect to the stationary scroll eccentrically. The stationary scroll has a stationary wrap and the orbiting scroll has an orbiting wrap engaged with the stationary wrap to form a compression chamber therebetween. In the scroll-type fluid machine, a cooler is provided to cool high-temperature compressed air discharged from a discharge bore at the center of the stationary scroll.

Abstract: A scroll-type fluid machine such as a scroll compressor or a scroll vacuum pump generates compression heat during compressing operation. A scroll body comprises a stationary scroll and an orbiting scroll that is revolved with respect to the stationary scroll eccentrically. The stationary scroll has a stationary wrap and the orbiting scroll has an orbiting wrap engaged with the stationary wrap to form a compression chamber therebetween. In the scroll-type fluid machine, a cooler is provided to cool high-temperature compressed air discharged from a discharge bore at the center of the stationary scroll.

Abstract: In a cooling device and method for cooling an engraving system of an engraving device given engraving devices for engraving printing form surfaces, the cooling device comprises a plurality of cooling units wherein each cooling unit is allocated to respectively cool one engraving head.

Abstract: A supplemental heating system for heating a first fluid such as potable water. The supplemental heating system is configured for use in a recreational vehicle having a primary heating system that also heats the first fluid. The supplemental heating system includes a heating element that heats a second fluid and a heat exchanging component removably fitted into the recreational vehicle and having a first fluid conduit for permitting the first fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component, and a second fluid conduit for permitting the second fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component. Heat from the second fluid is transferred to the first fluid within the heat exchanging component and thereby provides a heating operation of the first fluid independent of the heating system of the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: The distillation plant comprises a column (1) and a heat pump (4, 5) which operates between a sump vaporizer (3) and an exhaust vapor compressor (2) of the column. The heat pump is substitutable by devices (6, 7) which can be switched to the sump vaporizer and the exhaust vapor compressor when required. These substituting devices comprise devices (6 and 7 respectively) for the production of vapor or the provision of a coolant respectively as well as connection means (63, 63′, 72, 72′). The coolants can be liquids (water) or gases (air).

Abstract: A ventilation and dehumidification system for ventilating fresh air to a conditioned space. The system is comprised of a desiccant wheel for dehumidifying incoming air by exchanging moisture from an inflow current of air with an outflow current of air. The desiccant wheel is both regenerated and defrosted by a regenerative heater which is placed to heat the outflow current of air before the outflow current passes through the desiccant wheel. The system includes blowers in order to motivate the inflow and outflow currents of air. The system may also include heat recovery means such as a heat transfer wheel or a motionless heat transfer core. The blowers can be arranged so as to create an air pressure differential between the inflow chamber and the outflow chamber so that any leakage of air between the two chambers will occur from the inflow chamber to the outflow chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a group of heat exchangers for compressed gas refrigeration dryers, in which the heat exchangers (20,30) comprise a series of finned, closely spaced plates (21, 31), creating a series of passages for the countercurrent flow of fluids, and in which the gas/gas heat exchanger (20) is positioned beside the evaporator (30), so that an outlet zone (28) of a pre-cooling section (22) of the gas/gas heat exchanger (20) directs the mixture of compressed gases directly to an inlet zone (36) of a cooling section (32) of the evaporator (30).

Abstract: The present invention is a segmented flow device for performing the functions of a reactor, heat exchanger or holding tube or their combination. The device controls the residence time of all of liquid and solid particles which make up a flow in the device. By controlling the residence time, the prediction of residence time becomes less of an issue during processing. The segmented flow device reduces the difference in residence time between the fastest and slowest moving particles of the flow. The device allows all of the particles to receive nearly the same processing time to reduce under-processing or over-processing of the particles If desired, the device allows the residence time of the larger solid particles to be controlled to be longer or shorter than the average of the residence time of other particles of the flow, such as the liquid and smaller solid particles.

Abstract: An air-to-air heat recovery system for use with a building ventilation system includes first and second heat exchange banks and at least one damper module. Each damper module includes a damper disposed within a substantially rectangular housing having first, second, third, and fourth ports. The first port is connected to the ventilation system exhaust line, the second port is connected to the ventilation system supply line, the third and fourth ports are connected to the first ends of the first and second heat exchange banks, respectively. The damper is periodically reciprocated between first and second positions, directing air flow between the first port and the third port and between the second port and the fourth port in the first position, and directing air flow between the first port and the fourth port and between the second port and the third port in the second position.

Abstract: An air cooler has a casing containing two air flow paths through one of which cooled fresh air is supplied to a house, while the other receives stale air from the house. An efficient heat exchanger pre-cools the fresh air with the heat extracted from the stale air, Further cooling is achieved by evaporative cooling of water from two honeycomb structures respectively spanning the two air flow paths. A pump circulates cooled water to the upper end of one of the structures from the lower end of the other structure which receives, at its upper end, the water which has percolated down through the upper structure.

Abstract: Methods and apparati have been developed for producing a suspension of predominately amorphous polymer particles, wherein the method includes thermally treating a suspension that includes crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer particles. The thermal treatment includes (a) heating a suspension of polymer particles of an appropriate size to a temperature effective to cause the polymer to become amorphous, and then (b) cooling the suspension of amorphous polymer particles below the melting point of the polymer at a rate effective to prevent substantial coalescence of the polymer particles. The method and apparati are effective for use with a variety of polymers having suitable crystallization parameters, although polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are preferred, particularly in an aqueous suspension medium. For PHA polymers, the polymer particles subjected to treatment preferably are of a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, or more preferably less than 1.5 &mgr;m in diameter.

Abstract: A portable batch pasteurizer for pasteurization or other heat treatment of contained fluids for consumption by animals or humans provides a heat transfer coil through which hot or cold fluids are pumped to heat or cool the fluid in which it is immersed. An impeller circulates the fluid in which the fluid is contained to ensure even heating or cooling.

Abstract: A liquid desiccant air conditioner includes an absorption air conditioner and a liquid desiccant dehumidifier.

Abstract: In a cooling system to cool down a hot object contained in a closed container, a heat exchanger is used in addition to an air-conditioner to share thermal load to dissipate heat generated by the hot object. Since the heat exchanger which requires almost no operating power shares heat load with the air-conditioner which consumes a high operating power, a total power consumption of the cooling system is considerably reduced. An evaporator and a condenser of the heat exchanger are separately installed in the cooling system, and both are connected by pipes through which refrigerant is circulated. The evaporator is placed to an optimum position to effectively absorb heat generated by the hot object. The condenser is installed outside the container to exhaust heat most effectively to outside air. The evaporator and the condenser may be combined before installation, if a whole structure of the cooling system permits.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising a precooler and reheater core adjacent a chiller core, first heat transfer passages extending through both cores through which incoming air passes in a first direction, second heat transfer passages extending through the chiller core through which coolant passes in heat exchange relationship with incoming air and perpendicular to the first direction, and third heat transfer passages extending through the precooler and reheater core through which cooled air from the chiller core passes in heat exchange relationship with the incoming air and perpendicular to the first direction. A manifold contiguous with both cores conducts chilled air from the chiller core to the third set of heat transfer passages.Incoming air is chilled in the chiller core and thereafter exchanges heat with the incoming air in the precooler and reheater core to precool the incoming air to form water droplets and to raise the temperature of the chilled air to a usable temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for cooling supply air in an air-conditioning installation, comprising a heat transfer device for transferring heat between supply air and exhaust air by means of heat transfer surfaces; and a humidifying device for humidifying heat transfer surfaces on the exhaust air side. In order that supply air could be cooled more efficiently, the heat transfer surfaces on the side of supply air and exhaust air are separated into separate heat exchangers; and the heat transfer surfaces are selected in such a way that the surface temperature of the heat transfer surfaces on the exhaust air side is close to the dew-point temperature of exhaust air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for dehumidifying an air stream including heat conducting plates which serve as the heat exchange surface for precooling and reheating the air during the dehumidification process. Cooling conduits are positioned in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the heat conducting plates, such that cooling occurs in the intake air stream and heating occurs in the exhaust air stream, and the air flow is redirected in a small plenum chamber located at an end of the channels adjacent to the cooling conduits. A system is also provided which includes a plurality of heat exchangers joined edge corner to edge corner sharing a common cooling coil and a common plenum chamber. The heat exchange system includes a fan for conducting air through the heat exchangers and through the cooling coil, a manifold assembly which includes an intake damper, exhaust damper, and baffle dampers, and a cooling damper disposed in a condensate collection chamber.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling and/or dehumidifying a stream of air which eliminates the need for a large air diffusing plenum chamber. Heat conducting channel walls serve as the heat exchange surface for precooling and reheating air during the dehumidification process. The cooling conduits laterally intersect the airflow channels in order to force cooling to occur both in the intake and exhaust airflow channels, and the airflow is redirected 180.degree. in a small plenum chamber located at an end of the channels adjacent the cooling conduits. Adjustable dampers may be added for additional control of airflow in and out of intake and exhaust ports for the purpose of regulating the cooling and dehumidifying processes.

Abstract: A dehumidifier for use in a bathroom or the like utilizes the cold surface of a heat exchanger to condense moisture, and the hot surface of a heat exchanger to warm the air after the moisture is removed. The cold surface is provided by having the cold water supplied to the room pass through the cold heat exchanger; and, the hot surface is provided by having the hot water supplied to the room head pass through the hot heat exchanger. The heat exchangers may be concentric circles, so a recirculation fan centrally of the heat exchangers will move air across the two, or may be rectangular with a plenum at each end so air moves across the two. A drip pan beneath the cold heat exchanger catches the condensate. The circular heat exchangers may be less than a full circle, and a light housed in the space defined. Also, an exhaust fan may be mounted concentrically with the recirculation fan in the circular heat exchanger, or may be mounted in the output plenum of the rectangular device.

Abstract: For a supermarket having open refrigerated food display cases and adjacent cold isles and having primary refrigeration systems for refrigerating the cases, energy efficient ventilating means for removing the cold air from the isles and supplying replacement conditioned dehumidified air. The ventilating means includes heat pipes for utilizing the cooling effect of the cold leaving air removed from the isles to precool warm outside make-up air and a reversible refrigerating system for further cooling and dehumidifying the precooled outside air. Excess heat available from the primary market refrigerating system is employed to heat or reheat the dehumidified but now cold outdoor make-up air prior to its entry into the market.

Abstract: A method and device for concurrently transferring sensible heat from the warmer of either an incoming outside airstream or an outgoing exhaust airstream to the other stream and transferring latent heat from the wetter of either the incoming outside airstream or the outgoing exhaust airstream to the other stream prior to the incoming airstream entering a standard heating and air conditioning unit. The method and apparatus both employ a rotating heat wheel impregnated with a dry desiccant such as silica gel in order to accomplish the simultaneous transfer of both sensible and latent heat between the two airstreams.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for dehumidifying a stream of air including heat conducting channel walls which serve as the heat exchange surface for precooling and reheating air during the dehumidification process. Cooling conduits are positioned in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the heat conducting walls, such that cooling occurs both in the intake and exhaust airstreams, and the airflow is redirected in a small plenum chamber located at an end of the channels adjacent the cooling conduits. A system is also provided which includes a plurality of heat exchangers in series sharing a common cooling coil and a common plenum chamber.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for controlling heat transfer in a ventilation apparatus or an air conditioning apparatus, in which heat contained in exhaust air is recovered into supply air by means of a heat transfer circuit having fluid circulation. Additional heating or additional cooling energy is supplied to the heat transfer circuit when the heat transfer is insufficient for maintaining a desired temperature of the supply air. To optimize the heat recovery, the supply of additional heating or cooling energy is minimized by measuring the temperatures and fluid flows of the heat transfer fluid and of the additional energy.

Abstract: A heat recovery device is disclosed which is adapted for use in the drain conduit of standard shower installations having a hot water line, a cold water line, means for mixing water from both lines to deliver water at a suitable temperature to a shower head, and a drain conduit for disposing of waste water passing through the shower installation, the heat recovery device transferring heat from the waste water to cold water flowing to the cold water line. The heat recovery device has a first conduit connected into the drain conduit of the shower installation, and a second conduit connected into the cold water line leading into the shower installation and either wrapped around or inserted within the first conduit so that the second conduit is in operative heat transfer relationship with warm waste water passing through the first conduit, so that the incoming cold water is preheated by heat recovered from the waste water and transferred to the cold water.

Abstract: Liquefied product can pass through a sterilizing apparatus at high temperature and in a short time with high efficiency of heat transfer so that sterilizing effect can be enhanced, loss of fragrant component is prevented, and at the same time fats and fibers of raw materials are homogenized. A sterilizing apparatus including heating element 16 and a cooling element concentrically including a pair of heat transfer discs having a plurality of polygonal small chambers thereon which are open at fronts thereof, in each pair the heat transfer discs being coupled to each other face to face, wherein the small chambers are alternately arranged with one another so as to communicate with one another.

Abstract: Air-conditioning installation for room spaces (1), comprising a heat transfer device (4) for preheating supply air (A) by transferring heat from exhaust air (B) into the supply air; heating means including a heating source (11) for further heating the supply air; cooling means including a cooling source (14) for cooling the supply air; and adjusting means (16, 17, 18, 21, 32, 33, 34) for sensing the temperature of the supply air and for controlling the heat transfer device and the heating and cooling means on the basis of the sensed temperature. To simplify the structure of the installation, the heating and cooling sources (11, 14) are connected to the heat transfer device (4) so that the preheating, further heating and cooling of the supply air take place through the common heat transfer device.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing a liquid milk based product comprises indirect preheating of the product and final heating to a sterilization temperature 140.degree.-150.degree. C. by direct steam injection. The product is cooled by so called flash-cooling at which steam corresponding to the added amount of steam is evaporated. The product is cooled by indirect cooling. It is now proposed that the product prior to the flash-cooling is cooled from the sterilization temperature 140.degree.-150.degree. C. to a temperature in the interval 90.degree.-120.degree. C. in an indirect, first cooling step after which the product is cooled by flash-cooling to a temperature of 70.degree.-85.degree. C. The apparatus for sterilization comprises a balance vessel (1) connected to an indirectly working first heat exchanger (4) for heating of the milk based product. A steam injection nozzle (6) is arranged in a pipe line out from the heat exchanger (4).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing amorphous particle dispersions of high-melting microcrystalline solids in a continuous process. The apparatus comprises a pump, two heat exchangers, a back-pressure valve and conduits connecting them, whereby it is possible to make aqueous dispersions of particles whose melting points are above 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heat treating a fluid product, in which the product is preheated in a countercurrent heat exchange process and heated to the desired treatment temperature in a throughflow heat exchange process, wherein in the primary countercurrent heat exchanger section, a higher pressure than the atmospheric pressure prevails, and both in normal operation and during recirculation through the final-temperature heating section, the secondary countercurrent heat exchange section is maintained at a higher pressure than the pressure in the primary countercurrent heat exchanger section, whilst, should the pressure difference between the primary and the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger sections drop out, the supply and discharge of the product are stopped and the product to be treated is recirculated through the final-temperature heating section.

Abstract: A dehumidifier includes an elongated body in which a first open ended chamber and a second open ended chamber are defined parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the body. A first cover and a second cover are detachably secured to the ends of the body, to cover the open ends of the first and second chambers, respectively. An evaporator is housed in the first chamber. A pipe is disposed in the second chamber, and divides the second chamber into a precooling zone, which corresponds to the internal space of the pipe extending along the axis thereof, and a reheating zone which corresponds to the external space. A path connects the outlet of the precooling zone and the inlet of the first chamber, and is defined between the dehumidifier body and the second cover, for feeding the air from the precooling zone to the first chamber.

Abstract: An installation for heat recovery from warm household drain water produced at household water consumption points, comprising a distributor tank, a first pipeline system which delivers warm household drain water from the consumption points to the distributor tank, a drain water channel, a heat exchange tank, and a second pipeline system which conveys warm household drain water to the heat exchange tank. The distributor tank has a first outlet leading into the drain water channel with a shut-off device which opens when the household drain water is below a predetermined temperature, and a second outlet into the second pipeline system when the household drain water in the distributor tank is above the predetermined temperature. Within the heat exchange tank is a coil containing cold drinking water which is heated by the household drain water.

Abstract: A system and process are provided for treatment of cyanide-containing waste to form a substantially detoxified reaction product. The system comprises a reaction vessel, a heat exchange conduit extending through the reaction vessel to provide a flow path for heat exchange fluid, a heating loop for circulating heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange conduit at a temperature sufficient to initiate hydrolysis of cyanides in cyanide-containing waste to form the substantially detoxified reaction product, a cooling loop for circulating heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange conduit at a temperature sufficient to cool the substantially detoxified reaction product to a discharge temperature, and an apparatus for diverting flow of heat exchange fluid from the heating loop to the cooling loop.

Abstract: A heat recovery ventilating dehumidifier provides fresh, cool, low relative humidity air to a building or room during warm weather, and warm fresh air during cold weather. Fresh air is drawn into the heat recovery ventilating dehumidifier, cooled and dehumidified by heat exchange by exhausting stale air in a first heat exchanger, then further cooled and dehumidified by passage through a refrigerant coil. After passage through the refrigerant coil the fresh cool air passes through a second heat exchanger, cooling exhausting stale air and in exchange becoming less cool to reduce the relative humidity. The cool, fresh air having a lowered relative humidity is then used to ventilate a building or room. The cooled exhausting stale air then passes through the first heat exchanger cooling the fresh warm incoming air. In the winter time the refrigerant coil is replaced by a heater and heat is recovered from the exhausting stale air and transferred to the incoming fresh air.

Abstract: A device for holding a thermal cutoff device and a resistor in assembled relationship to each other in a housing and biasing the thermal cutoff device and the resistor into heat tansfer relationship with each other in the housing. Metal clips are attached to each housing half such that when the housing halves are mated, the clips are in opposing relationship to each other. Arcuate ends are formed on the clip such that when the opposing ones of the clips face each other in the housing, the arcuate ends substantially encircle one-half of the thermal cutoff device. Resilient fingers are formed on the other end of each of the clips such that when the opposing clips face each other, the resilient fingers grasp the resistor and pull it into engagement with the thermal cutout device for heat transfer relationship. The resilient fingers deflect sufficiently to allow resistors of different diameter to be used in the housing.

Abstract: A water discharge conduit is disposed in a downwardly inclined direction for receiving a flow of waste water at an upper end, for example, from baths, showers and the like. A water trap is disposed below the conduit in parallel relation and has an intake union to receive a flow of hot waste water from the discharge conduit and a discharge union at an opposite end for discharging the waste water back into the conduit. A plurality of pipes extends through the horizontally disposed water trap for conducting fresh water therethrough in heat exchange relation with the flow of hot waste water in the water trap.

Abstract: A heat recovery system with a heat exchanger and a mixing valve. A drain trap includes a heat exchanger with an inner coiled tube, baffle plate, wastewater inlet, wastewater outlet, cold water inlet, and preheated water outlet. Wastewater enters the drain trap through the wastewater inlet, is slowed and spread by the baffle plate, and passes downward to the wastewater outlet. Cold water enters the inner tube through the cold water inlet and flows generally upward, taking on heat from the wastewater. This preheated water is fed to the mixing valve, which includes a flexible yoke to which are attached an adjustable steel rod, two stationary zinc rods, and a pivoting arm. The free end of the arm forms a pad which rests against a valve seat. The rods and pivoting arm expand or contract as the temperature of the incoming preheated water changes. The zinc rods expand more than the steel rod, flexing the yoke and rotating the pivoting arm.

Abstract: During a heat treatment in continuous flow of a product mixture consisting of a liquid containing solid particulates, the mixture is heated to a certain desired temperature in one or more heat exchange sections, held at this temperature in a heat-holding section for a certain time, and then cooled to the desired end temperature in one or more heat exchange sections. The residence time of the solid particulates in the heat-holding section is regulated separately and independently of the residence time of the liquid in the heat-holding section, while the solid particulates are constantly flowed round by the liquid. If there are solid particulates of various sizes in the liquid, the residence time of the various size fractions of solid particulates is regulated separately depending on the size of the solid particulates in a particular fraction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is constructed from a heat-conductive metal foil wound backwards and forwards in sinuous fashion to provide a stack of parallel pockets (1) between neighboring sections (8) of the foil. The pockets (1) contain baffles (5,6) which guide fluid flowing through the pockets to follow a serpentine path of U, S or M shape. The serpentine path in all the pockets is substantially the same shape but the direction of fluid flow (13) in alternate pockets is opposite to the flow direction (14) in the remaining pockets. Two corner regions of the pocket stack are each provided with two manifolds (15,16) one of which communicates with the alternate pockets (1) and the other manifold communicates with the remaining pockets (16). The pockets may be formed from a signal foil or from two or more foils. The manifolds may be arranged on diagonally opposite, or on adjacent corner regions of the stack.

Abstract: A system for conditioning working fluid in environmental control systems includes arrangements for minimizing icing from a variable flow velocity turbine exit flow at subfreezing conditions wherein the turbine is very closely located to the downstream heat exchanger, including a backpressure plate for minimizing flow velocity stratification, an internal bypass passage arranged to produce a relatively predictable bypass flow ratio regardless of the flow velocity stratification, and other anti-icing techniques.

Abstract: A calorimeter for measuring the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions, microbial fermentations, and other processes of industrial importance is described. The present invention also relates to a method of operation of this apparatus.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating fluid particulate material comprising a heating chamber, heating means associated with the heating chamber, a hopper mounted above the heating chamber, a delivery chamber located below the heating chamber, a set of flow passageways extending through the heating chamber between the hopper and delivery chamber, said delivery chamber having an outlet at its lower portion.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system for high temperature hydrolysis of cyanides has a reactor operating at a sufficiently high temperature and pressure to effect hydrolysis of cyanide in the waste waters. A heat exchanger system is provided through which reactor effluent and reactor influent streams flow. The improved waste water treatment system includes a first tube in tube heat exchanger for an influent stream and a second tube in tube heat exchanger for an effluent stream. A heat exchange medium is circulated between the effluent heat exchanger and the influent heat exchanger to cool down the effluent and in turn use the heat to heat up the influent to the reactor. The heat exchangers are arranged such that the influent and effluent streams pass through the tube side of each heat exchanger to minimize clogging of the first and second heat exchangers, while at the same time providing for effective heat exchange in cooling the effluent and heating up the waste waters to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to an improved process and apparatus for the production of gaseous products such as ammonia by catalytic, exothermic gaseous reactions and is specifically directed to an improved process which utilizes a gas-phase catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen for the synthesis of ammonia. This improved process for the production of ammonia utilizes an ammonia converter apparatus designed to comprise at least two catalyst stages and a reheat exchanger so arranged as to provide indirect heat exchange of the gaseous effluent from the last reactor catalyst stage with the effluent from at least one other reactor catalyst stage having a higher temperature level in order to reheat the effluent from the last reactor catalyst stage prior to exiting the reactor vessel, thereby facilitating higher level heat recovery from the reactor effluent.

Abstract: A heat recovery unit for use in association with a fluid distribution system including: a heat exchanger; means to: circulate fluid through said system and to introduce fresh fluid across one end of said heat exchanger and into said system for mixing with the circulating fluid; ventilate a portion of the circulating fluid across the other end of said heat exchanger to transfer the thermal energy between said ventilated fluid and said fresh fluid so as to replenish said ventilated fluid with said fresh fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating-treating a liquid product comprising series-connected multi-tube heat-exchangers such as heating-up heat-exchangers 6, 12, and high temperature heat-exchanger 14 and cooling-down heat-exchangers 17, 18, 19, the heating-up heat-exchangers and cooling-down heat-exchangers being interconnected by means of a pipe system 25, 26; 34 for regenerative heat-exchange. The heat-exchangers being connected by means of connection members 13 having separate passages which connect the tubes of one heat-exchanger to those of the next heat-exchanger. The pipe system for regenerative heat-exchange being designed so that the quantity of heat to be transferred can be adjusted in order to adapt said apparatus to varying capacities.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to an improved process and apparatus for the production of gaseous products such as ammonia by catalytic, exothermic gaseous reactions and is specifically directed to an improved process which utilizes a gas-phase catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen for the synthesis of ammonia. This improved process for the production of ammonia utilizes an ammonia converter apparatus designed to comprise at least two catalyst stages and a reheat exchanger so arranged as to provide indirect heat exchange of the gaseous effluent from the last reactor catalyst stage with the effluent from at least one other reactor catalyst stage having a higher temperature level in order to reheat the effluent from the last reactor catalyst stage prior to exiting the reactor vessel, thereby facilitating higher level heat recovery from the reactor effluent.

Abstract: A process and an installation for the heat treatment of a product liquid based on the continuous flow principle, in which a regenerative heat-exchanger is used in conjunction with a high temperature heater for product liquid. A part of the heat-exchanger is provided with an additional heat-exchanging surface which is connected to a cooling circuit, the variable capacity of which is determined and controlled by both the temperature and the output of the product liquid, whereby to maintain the efficiency of the heat treatment under changing input quantities of the product liquid. Control, above is effected by a combination temperature sensor interconnected to the product liquid conduit directed to the high temperature heater and a flow rate sensor interconnected to another given portion of the product liquid conduit.

Abstract: An apparatus for modifying the temperature of the effluent of a fluid stream entering a flow cell which includes a counterflow heat exchange between the outlet fluid and the inlet fluid and a thermally equilibrating the flow cell with the inlet fluid after it has passed through the counterflow heat exchange and before it enters the flow cell.

Abstract: A through-wall heat pump air conditioner having a total heat exchanger between the interior and exterior unit rooms is disclosed for recovering waste heat from the exhaust air. The conditioner includes two auxiliary dampers respectively provided between the exhaust air path and the heat exchanger and between the intake air path and the heat exchanger, whereby penetration of external air into the room is prevented during the halt state of the air conditioner.

Abstract: An apparatus for equilibrating the temperature of the eluate of a separating column entering a flow cell includes the provision of a heat transfer relationship between the outlet fluid and the inlet conduit whereby the temperature of the fluid, as it passes through the flow cell, is stabilized.