Abstract: A cooling system 46 for a turbofan gas turbine 10 is disclosed. Various construction details which increase the effectiveness of a heat exchanger 48 located in the secondary flow path 24 are developed. In one embodiment, the cooled air is used for protecting a bearing compartment.

Abstract: Pneumatic control of flow patterns in regenerators is improved by the use of flow amplifier nozzles.

Abstract: A multiple-impingement cooled structure, such as for use as a turbine shroud assembly. The structure includes a plurality of baffles which define with an element to be cooled, such as a shroud, a plurality of cavities. Impingement cooling air is directed through holes in one of the baffles to impinge upon only the portion of the shroud in a first cavity. That cooling air is then directed to impinge again upon the portion of the shroud in a second cavity.

Abstract: In a circuit board installation in which circuit boards are slidably mounted in opposed guide rails of a rack in a cabinet, an efficient and relatively inexpensive flat cooling module is slidably mounted in opposed guide rails between two circuit boards. The cooling module comprises a pair of flat side walls spaced apart and sealed together around their edges to form a sealed chamber, an inlet port in the cooling module connected to a source of pressurized cooling fluid and, in each of the side walls, mutually spaced orifices in which nipples may be fitted and through which pressurized cooling fluid is directed towards components of the adjacent circuit boards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an impingement cooling apparatus for use in the removal of heat from a heat liberating device. The apparatus includes a housing on which the device is secured and a stack of plates fitted within the housing. One of the plates is an impingement orifice plate adjacent the housing where the device is located. The orifice plate has a region that is characterized by coolant flow impingement orifices passing therethrough. The orifice plate also has a coolant drainage return adjacent the impingement orifice region.

Abstract: A method and means of exchanging heat in fluids is described herein. The heat exchanger device is comprised of a primary compartment which is separated into at least two longitudinal compartments by a vertically disposed heat exchanger plate. Each longitudinal compartment is divided into a plurality of sub-compartments by walls that extend outwardly from the heat exchanger plate to the sidewalls of the primary compartment. Fluid inlet means are provided at the lower portion and at opposite ends of each longitudinal compartment. Fluid outlet means are provided at the upper portion and at opposite ends of each longitudinal compartment. The sidewalls of each sub-compartment are shorter than the height of the heat exchanger plate to provide a common fluid flow way in each longitudinal compartment over the sub-compartments. The sidewalls of the sub-compartments are progressively lowered at their upper ends in the direction of fluid flow through the flow ways.

Abstract: Structured boiling surfaces for increasing the critical heat flux of immersed surfaces are disclosed. The structures comprise holes or cavities in the boiling surface which constrain vapor jets to be less than the natural spacing thereof, which satisfy the vapor-liquid flooding criteria and which supply added surface area. A configuration having an arcuate surface in order to facilitate vapor removal therefrom when operated in a downwardly facing direction is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vapor-jacketed cooking kettle having a compact, self-contained, gas-fired combustion system. The tiltable kettle includes a gas-fired cylindrical power burner which fires radially into a combustion chamber below a jet plate which in turn is closely spaced below the bottom wall of a water-containing jacket. Hot combustion gases produced by the burner heat and jet plate to temperatures at which it radiates large amounts of heat to the jacket wall. The hot gases also pass through holes in the plate to form high velocity jets which impinge on the jacket wall and transfer heat by convection. Heat transferred by the jet impingement and radiation vaporizes water in the jacket and the resulting steam cooks food products in the kettle. Thermal efficiencies of 70 percent or higher are achieved by the tilting kettle system.

Abstract: Apparatus for ensuring heat exchange between a gas flow and a heat exchanger comprises a duct through which the gas flows. The heat exchanger is mounted in the duct such that the gas flows therethrough. Constrictions for the gas flow are arranged in the duct upstream of the heat exchanger in the direction of gas flow such that jets of gas are created. In an embodiment the constrictions are provided by flow passages extending through a diaphragm mounted across the duct. In use, liquid is sprayed over the heat exchanger and the high velocity jets of gas pick up the liquid and carry it into the heat exchanger. In this way the surfaces of the heat exchanger are thoroughly wetted by the liquid and the efficiency of the heat transfer is thereby improved.

Abstract: Apparatus for ensuring heat exchange between a gas flow and a heat exchanger comprises a duct through which the gas flows. The heat exchanger is mounted in the duct such that the gas flows therethrough. Constrictions for the gas flow are arranged in the duct upstream of the heat exchanger in the direction of gas flow such that jets of gas are created. In an embodiment the constrictions are provided by flow passages extending through a diaphragm mounted across the duct. In use, liquid is sprayed over the heat exchanger and the high velocity jets of gas pick up the liquid and carry it into the heat exchanger. In this way the surfaces of the heat exchanger are thoroughly wetted by the liquid and the efficiency of the heat transfer is thereby improved.

Abstract: An improved printed circuit board housing assembly is described wherein localized high intensity cooling of heat dissipating electronic components mounted on the circuit boards may be accomplished by direct impingement of streams of fluid coolant onto individual components; when coolant is passed through the housing, fluid streams, generated at openings provided in the circuit boards, impinge onto electronic components mounted on the next circuit board downstream from the source of coolant flow.

Abstract: A mechanically assisted evaporator layer for use in both open and evacuated heat transfer systems, in which a pump and spray nozzle operate in conjunction with a sintered metal evaporator layer to reduce the temperature difference required to transfer heat across the thickness of the surface and to permit smaller temperature differences and higher power densities in transferring heat. Liquid is pumped to and sprayed from a nozzle onto the sintered metal layer to keep the entire surface wetted at all times so as to permit uniform thin film evaporation from the surface. The continual presence of liquid at the outer evaporative boundary reduces the likelihood of surface dryout while the thermal conductivity of the sintered metal promotes more effective vaporization.

Abstract: A desalinazation apparatus has the bulk of its piping circuitry composed of black iron pipe, or similar pipe, which is normally subject to corrosion by sea water. Heat transfer to a salt water still includes indirect heat transfer by a thermal oil which is contained in the black iron pipe. A solar collector heat source is used to heat the heat transfer oil. The heat transfer rate from the heat transfer oil is maintained by using turbulence inducing fins in the interior of the heat transfer tubes in the salt water still and by directing high pressure gas at the exterior of the heat transfer tubes in the salt water still. A manifold of jets placed beneath the heat transfer tubes in the salt water still projects the high pressure gas, such as high pressure high temperature steam, onto the exterior of the heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: Means for increasing heat transfer characteristics between the surface of a solid and a boiling liquid in which the solid is immersed comprising providing a solid with passages which extend therethrough to the surface for the circulation of liquid through said passages for emergence from the surface to eliminate at least a portion of the unstable vapor film otherwise formed on the surface.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator having heat transfer surfaces with which jets of liquid collide. Each heat transfer surface is formed with a number of grooves arranged in concentric circles with their common center located at the center of collision. Such grooves, on the boiling heat transfer surfaces, function to promote the formation of nuclei, while on the heating heat transfer surfaces, they act to cause turbulent flow to the heating medium in that they constitute points of contacts where they are contacted with the bottoms of the grooves of an adjacent heat transfer plate.

Abstract: An impingement type heat exchanger in which jets of fluid are directed against opposite sides of a corrugated transfer plate that is generally perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow through the jets.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and apparatus for transferring heat to a cooler gas from a hotter gas which contains tri-atomic molecules with good infra-red energy absorption characteristics, for example CO.sub.2. The hotter gas is passed in a first direction along a conduit, and simultaneously the cooler gas is jetted through and across the hotter gas in a direction transverse to the hotter gas direction. This allows the tri-atomic molecules minimally entrained in the cooler gas jets to provide heat to the cooler gas firstly through transferring their initial kinetic energy to the cooler gas molecules by way of collision, and secondly by absorbing infra-red energy radiated from the hotter gas and passing this absorbed energy to the cooler gas molecules also through collision.

Abstract: A continuous casting nozzle for lead strip adapted for cooling with water or the like. Primary and secondary cooling channels are arranged in paralleling relation and intercommunicated by a plurality of ports which direct turbulent streams of water from the secondary cooling channel against the hot surface of the primary cooling channel to purge any vapor films formed thereon. The water exits the primary cooling channel through passages beneath the surface of the casting mold and exits the nozzle so as to bathe the exiting cast strip in coolant.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for directing discrete jets of fluid against a heat exchanging wall is configured to establish relatively close spacing between the openings through which the jets are formed and a portion of the heat exchanging wall while providing relatively large volumes of space adjacent other portions of the heat exchanging wall. The large volumes of space permit passage of the fluid from adjacent the heat exchanging wall without disturbing the jet flow.