Abstract: A downhole tool comprises a body defining a fluid chamber, a fluid outlet for directing fluid outwardly of the chamber, and an arrangement for producing a rapid reduction in the volume of the chamber, such that fluid in the chamber is displaced rapidly through the outlet. The fluid may be utilised to deform or perforate a surrounding tubular.

Abstract: A duplex expansion apparatus for expanding a wellbore tubular to two different diameters from an initial diameter is provided. The duplex expansion apparatus includes: a first diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the internal diameter; a second diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the diameter of the first diameter expansion cone in the expanded state; and an assembly mandrel that is capable of transferring both the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone into their expanded states.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of mining, namely, to the oil and gas extraction, hydrogeologic, engineering and the geologic and water supply industry and provides an apparatus for the cutting of slot-like key seats in the well bore zone of productive strata by hydraulic abrasion.

Abstract: A well bore fluid recovery system and method for recovering a column of well bore fluid within a stand of casing before cutting the casing. The recovery system relates to a system for preventing fluids from being spilled when casing is being finished for a well bore. After being run the casing must be cut and finished at an appropriate level to install rig equipment such as blow out preventers along with other equipment. However, because of earlier operations, the entire length of casing is typically filled with drilling fluid. Depending on conditions, the length of casing which is to be cut and removed may therefore over a 100-foot (27.4 meter) column of drilling fluid therein. The drilling fluid in this section must be properly drained before the casing is cut and removed.

Abstract: A method is provided for providing a casing in a wellbore including placing a casing within the wellbore wherein the casing has a smaller outside diameter than a final inside diameter of the casing, placing an expandable mandrel within the casing, the expandable mandrel suspended from a drill string, converting the expandable mandrel to a first expansion diameter while the expandable mandrel is within the casing wherein the first expansion diameter is about the final inside diameter plus twice the thickness of the final casing; forcing the expanded mandrel through a lower portion of the casing while the expandable mandrel is of the first expansion diameter; converting the expandable mandrel to a second expansion diameter, wherein the second expansion diameter is about the final inside diameter, and forcing the expanded mandrel through an upper portion of the casing while the expandable mandrel is of the second expansion diameter.

Abstract: A cutting device cuts one or more downhole control lines such that the cut ends of the one or more control lines will not interfere with subsequent fishing operations. The cutting device comprises a mandrel, a cutting sleeve and a housing supported on a tubing. Movement of the tubing induces relative motion of the cutting sleeve to cut the one or more control lines.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for anchoring a first conduit (10) to a second conduit (12). The first conduit (10) is typically an expandable conduit whereby a portion of the first conduit is expanded by applying a radial force thereto to provide an anchor and/or seal between the first (10) and second (12) conduits. An inflatable device (14) is provided that can be used to provide a temporary anchor whilst the first (expandable) conduit (10) is radially expanded. An expander device (16) that is capable of applying a radial expansion force to the first conduit (10) is optionally attached to the inflatable device (14).

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the post-detonation pressure of a perforating gun, the apparatus including a perforating gun carrying at least one explosive charge, wherein when the explosive charge is detonated the explosive charge produces a pressurized detonation gas, and a mechanism for reducing the pressure of the detonation gas proximate the perforating gun. The detonation gas pressure is desirably reduced in a time frame sufficient to create a dynamic underbalance condition to facilitate a surge flow of fluid from a reservoir into a wellbore. The pressure reduction mechanism may include singularly or in combination a heat sink to reduce the temperature of the detonation gas, a reactant to recombine with the reactant gas and reduce the molar density of the detonation gas, and a physical compression mechanism to utilize the waste energy of the detonation gas to create work, simultaneously reducing the temperature of the gas and the molar density of the detonation gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method of orienting perforating gun strings conveyed on a tool string. One embodiment of the present invention provides an orienting weight provided in a portion of the perforating device, such as the shaped charge, the loading tube or the gun housing. An adapter is provided intermediate the tool string that facilitates conveyance of the gun string downhole. Additionally, the adapter enables the gun string to rotate independent of the tool string.

Abstract: An expandable device for use in tubulars. The device comprises an outer tubular having a series of slots therein, with the slots being arranged about the exterior of the outer tubular. The device further includes an inner tubular disposed within the outer tubular, and a setting tool for moving the outer tubular in a first direction in order to expand the outer tubular along the slots. In one preferred embodiment, the slots are arranged about the outer tubular in a spiral pattern. In yet another preferred embodiment, the slots are arranged about the outer tubular in a first spiral pattern and wherein the first spiral pattern extends to a second spiral pattern. The setting tool, in one embodiment, comprises an outer setting sleeve connected to the outer tubular and a mandrel being connected to the inner member, and wherein the outer setting sleeve causes a downward force against the outer tubular so that the outer tubular expands. A method of expanding a device within a tubular is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for increasing the productivity of oil, gas and hydrogeological wells has means for cutting slots only in a near well zone so as to perform a partial unloading of the well and to remove a part of support stresses, and means for cyclically treating well with a formation-treating substance so as to remove a remaining part of the support stresses, with controlling a density of a formation and correcting the cyclical treatment in correspondence with the density of the formation.

Abstract: A system for controlling a dynamic pressure transient in a well during operations to provide fluid communication between the wellbore and adjacent formation. A method includes determining the characteristics of an adjacent formation, selecting a perforating tool for increasing fluid communication, determining a dynamic pressure transient to enhance the quality of the fluid communication and prevent damage, selecting a wellbore fluid to achieve the desired pressure transient, and performing the fluid communication process based on the selected parameters.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of increasing of the well rate of exploitation and recharge wells, comprising a means of decreasing the stress state in the well area by constructing of slot-like discharge key seats, wherein the slot-like key seats have a screw-like shape, wherein preliminary internal rock friction angles ? are determined for a rock composing a productive strata, and a pitch of the slot key seat screw is selected such that the tangent of the angle of deviation of the slot surface from the ? vertical will be between tg(45??/2)?tg(?)?1/?3, where 92 —is the internal rock friction angle where the key slot is being made.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method of orienting perforating gun strings. One embodiment of the present invention provides an orienting weight provided in a portion of the perforating device, such as the shaped charge, the loading tube or the gun housing. Additional weight may be provided as separate components and attached to the gun components.

Abstract: A connector arrangement used for connecting a first tubular to a second tubular. The first tubular member has at least one circumferential ring profile, and the second tubular member has a corresponding number of matching circumferential ring profiles. When the ring profiles of the two tubulars are mated and interlocked, they form separate and independent fluid seals as well as a mechanical lock able to hold the tubulars together during future expansion of the entire tubular and joint. Further, selecting properties of the tubulars such as yield strength and modulus of elasticity or constraining a diameter of one of the tubulars during expansion or compression forms a tight connection due to elastic recovery of the tubulars.

Abstract: The apparatus is used for cutting an opening through the wall of a conduit located in a borehole traversing the subsurface formations. The apparatus includes a body adapted to be lowered into the conduit to a desired level. The body is formed by a cylindrical wall defining an elongated chamber having a combustible charge receiving portion and an ignition portion located close to the combustible charge receiving portion. A plurality of spaced apart apertures are formed through the wall defining a given pattern which may be at least one elongated row of apertures generally parallel with the axis of the cylindrical wall or a line which encloses a given configuration on one side of the axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for horizontally drilling in wells utilizing a shoe assembly at the down hole end of upset tubing. The shoe assembly includes a fixed section and a rotatable section suspended below the fixed section. An electric motor and associated batteries and a gyroscope carried on the rotatable section enable an operator on the surface to selectively rotate and position the rotatable section to any desired angular location for drilling a hole in the well casing. After one or more holes have been cut in the casing, a drill assembly can be removed from the upset tubing and be replaced by a high pressure blaster nozzle to bore into the formation zones. The gyroscope enables the operator to accurately position the rotatable section to the same locations at which the holes have been cut. The drill assembly includes an electric motor with an associated battery, flexible drive shaft, and a hole saw.

Abstract: Disclosed is a casing conveyed perforating apparatus and method for externally perforating a wellbore casing. The perforating apparatus is attached to the outside of the casing and is conveyed along with the casing when it is inserted into the wellbore. The perforation is accomplished using two groups of charges, which are contained in protective pressure chambers. Each pressure chamber is positioned radially around the outside of the wellbore casing. The pressure chambers form longitudinally extending ribs, which conveniently serve to center the casing within the wellbore. One group of charges is aimed inward in order to perforate the casing. A second group is aimed outward in order to perforate the formation. In an alternative embodiment, only one group of bi-directional charges is provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an expandable slotted tube fabricated from at least one tubular element and at least two annular elements connected to the opposite ends of the tubular element by means of butt joints wherein axially extending slots are formed at a uniform angular spacing around the periphery of the tube and in longitudinally overlapping relation characterized by cutting said annular elements in a pattern of overlapping positionally fixed slots in accordance with invariable parameters which are pre-determined relative to the dimensions of said annular elements and cutting in said tubular element a pattern of slots that is variable in accordance with measured parameters of the tube so as to achieve the required overlap between said positionally fixed and variable slots. A machine for carrying out the method is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for a method of cutting pipes underwater comprising jetting a jacket down over the pipe, blowing mud out from between the pipe and the jacket so the annulus between the pipe and the jacket is substantially filled with water and/or air, and performing the cutting operation from within the pipe, wherein the jacket has the features mentioned herein.

Abstract: An ignition device for a downhole tool includes a body with a cavity, a thermite material and a resistive element within the cavity. The resistive element, which is heated to the high temperature needed for ignition of the thermite material, has a non-galvanic outer surface at the ignition temperature. A large amount of electrical power is required to reach the ignition temperature, making the device safe and unlikely to accidentally ignite. The device has an electrical connector that is located within a sealed chamber when downhole.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for horizontally drilling in wells utilizing a shoe assembly at the down hole end of upset tubing. The shoe assembly includes a fixed section and a rotatable section suspended below the fixed section. An electric motor and associated batteries and a gyroscope carried on the rotatable section enable an operator on the surface to selectively rotate and position the rotatable section to any desired angular location for drilling a hole in the well casing. After one or more holes have been cut in the casing, a drill assembly can be removed from the upset tubing and be replaced by a high pressure blaster nozzle to bore into the formation zones. The gyroscope enables the operator to accurately position the rotatable section to the same locations at which the holes have been cut. The drill assembly includes an electric motor with an associated battery, flexible drive shaft, and a hole saw.

Abstract: A drillable junction joint in a wellbore comprises a wellbore casing in which a section of the casing is constructed of easily drillable material. A sleeve having a premachined window therein is disposed within the casing joint and is freely orientable within the casing segment. Further disclosed are methods for installation of the junction joint and for creating an exit.

Abstract: A perforating gun assembly useful in hydrocarbon well completion. The gun is assembled in a carrier made from straight walled tubing as a primary structural member with complementary male and female threads cut into opposite ends so that gun assemblies may be directly connected together. The male coupling includes a reinforcing sleeve threaded into an internal thread. An alignment pin is positioned in the carrier extending through the reinforcing ring and into the interior of the carrier. A charge assembly includes a charge holder tube with upper and lower alignment fixtures. The lower alignment fixture includes an alignment slot for mating with the alignment pin and a shoulder for supporting the charge assembly on the sleeve. The upper alignment fixture has an alignment pin for mating with an alignment slot in the carrier. A retainer ring may be threaded into the upper female threads to prevent removal of the charge assembly from the carrier.

Abstract: A system for perforating a well includes a perforating gun 10 and a swivel 12 suspended from a wireline 50. An orientation sub 14 is provided above the gun 10 and a rotational latching mechanism 90 rotationally connects the wireline to the perforating gun in one direction, while allowing the swivel to rotationally disconnect the gun from the wireline in an opposing direction. According to the method of the invention, the gun may be lowered in the well from the wireline to a depth greater than the desired firing depth until the gun is rotated to its desired azimuthal position, and the gun then raised by the wireline to the desired firing depth with a rotational latching and swivel mechanisms maintaining the gun at its desired azimuthal position.

Abstract: A disconnect system for coiled tubing. A first end of the coiled tubing is disconnected from a second end of the coiled tubing by holding the coiled tubing in a stationary position at a first and a second location. The coiled tubing is then sheared at one or more locations between the first and the second location.

Abstract: A mandrel for bending which inhibits generation of irregularities on the inside of the bend is provided. The mandrel comprises a plurality of plugs in the form of discs and a through-hole is created substantially in the center of each plug. A flexible member is inserted through the through-holes of the respective plugs One end of the flexible member is fixed to a shank so that the plugs are connected to the shank in series. Each plug is provided with a flat slant surface that descends from about the center of the plug toward the outer periphery of the plug. A lock hole is formed in parallel to the through hole in each plug and a flexible lock member, one end of which is fixed to the shank, is passed through the lock holes of the respective plugs.

Abstract: A sealed perforating gun assembly for use with automatic pipe handling equipment on oil and gas drill rigs. An upper sealed connector and a lower sealed connector have sealed threaded connections for mating with ends of a perforating gun. The connectors have external dimensions equivalent to the external dimensions of standard drill pipe and have standard tapered thread couplings. Ignition transfer explosives are carried within cavities in the connectors. The cavities are sealed on their drill pipe coupling ends. The ignition transfer explosives are adapted to penetrate the seals so that ignition can be transferred between the gun assembly and adjacent sections of the gun string. Since the external dimensions of the sealed connectors correspond to the external dimensions of drill pipe, automatic drill pipe handling equipment can handle the gun assemblies.

Abstract: A method of expanding tubing comprises applying a varying fluid pressure across the wall of the tubing. The variation in pressure may be achieved by varying one or both of the fluid pressure within the tubing and the fluid pressure externally of the tubing. A body of varying volume may be located in a volume of fluid associated with the tubing. Alternatively, the volume of a body of fluid associated with the tubing may be varied by movement of a wall portion defining a boundary of the volume, which wall portion may be associated with an oscillator or a percussive or hammer device. In other embodiments a pressurised fluid source may be provided, and the fluid may be supplied at varying pressure from the source. An increase in pressure within the tubing may be accompanied by a reduction in pressure externally of the tubing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for perforating a casing in a wellbore wherein the casing has control means attached thereto, which method and apparatus includes inserting a detectable source with the control means extending a selected length of the control means; inserting a sensing means in the casing for sensing the detectable source; sensing the location of the detectable source at selected levels in the casing; recording the direction of the detectable source at the selected levels in the casing; inserting perforating means in the casing, the perforating means for perforating the casing, the perforating means having orienting means for selectively positioning the perforating means relative to the recorded direction of the detectable source at the selected levels in the casing; and perforating the casing at a selected orientation relative to the sensed detectable source at the selected levels in the casing.

Abstract: A perforating gun assembly useful in hydrocarbon well completion. The gun is assembled in a carrier made from straight walled tubing as a primary structural member with complementary male and female threads cut into opposite ends so that gun assemblies may be directly connected together. The male coupling includes a reinforcing sleeve threaded into an internal thread. An alignment pin is positioned in the carrier extending through the reinforcing ring and into the interior of the carrier. A charge assembly includes a charge holder tube with upper and lower alignment fixtures. The lower alignment fixture includes an alignment slot for mating with the alignment pin and a shoulder for supporting the charge assembly on the sleeve. The upper alignment fixture has an alignment pin for mating with an alignment slot in the carrier. A retainer ring may be threaded into the upper female threads to prevent removal of the charge assembly from the carrier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing a tubular member (e.g., leg of an abandoned or obsolete fixed platforms in a marine environment) is provided. The apparatus includes a delivery system having a frame carrying explosive shaped charges. The frame includes charges having curved sections which can be moved relative to one another for engaging the inside bore of a tubular member to be severed. The charges are biased (e.g., spring loaded) to be moved automatically to an extended position that engages the tubular member (e.g., platform leg) when a trigger is activated from a remote location. The trigger can be a pin carried in a tube with wires connecting each curved charge section to the pin. When the pin is lifted from its tube, the wires are released enabling the springs to thrust the charges against the inside of a pipe, leg or tubular member to be cut. Once in this position, the charges can be fired.

Abstract: A circular shaped charge and methods of manufacture, shipping and assembly. An circular shaped charge is manufactured as two separate charge halves, upper and lower, and a separate continuous liner or pair of continuous half liners. Preferably, each charge half is formed of a number of segments, each comprising a reduced weight of explosive which can be shipped under preferred regulations. The explosive contains sufficient binder to prevent damage to the charge segments during shipping and assembly at a job site. The separately shipped components are assembled at the job site to form a complete circular shaped charge useful, for example, in a tubing cutter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for perforating, testing, squeezing and/or stimulating an oil or gas well, or other tubular structure. The apparatus preferably is suspended from an elongate conduit, such as a drill string or tubing. The apparatus is secured in position by a retractable back-up plate, and then a piercing member perforates the casing. A first valve controls the flow of fluid from a high-pressure accumulator to drive the various pistons in the apparatus. A second valve directs fluid from the elongate conduit either to exit through the perforation or to exit the housing and return up the conduit. Axial movement of the elongate conduit controls both valves in the apparatus. Upon completion of the operation, the piercing member is advanced to plug the perforation, the back-up plate is retracted, and the apparatus is removed.

Abstract: Radially expanding a tubular (12) such as a liner or casing, especially in a downward direction. The apparatus includes at least one driver device (20, 22) such as a piston that is typically fluid-actuated, and an expander device (14) is attached to the or each driver device (20, 22). Actuation of the or each driver device (20, 22) causes movement of the expander device (14) to expand the tubular (12). One or more anchoring devices (36, 40), which may be radially offset, are used to substantially prevent the tubular (12) from moving during expansion thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for expanding a portion of a tubular within a wellbore. The expansion assembly first comprises an expander tool. The expander tool is preferably a rotary expander tool which is lowered into the wellbore at the lower end of a working string. In one aspect, the rotary expander tool defines a tubular body having recesses, with each recess containing a compliant roller. The expansion assembly further comprises a chamber having a resistive medium therein. In one arrangement, the medium is a clean oil loaded into the chamber before being run into the wellbore. The fluid chamber is sized and configured to sealingly receive an elongated lower portion of the body of the expander tool. As the body of the expander tool travels into the fluid chamber, it encounters resistance from the fluid loaded therein. The fluid serves as a resistant force to the downward movement of the drill string and the expander tool during the expansion process, thereby preventing any rapid springing of the pipe string above it.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a completion system that can be deployed in a single downhole trip, yet still achieve desired completion objectives.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for perforating a subterranean formation so as to establish fluid communication between the formation and a wellbore, the wellbore having casing cemented therein, the casing having a cement sheath therearound. The casing is perforated with a mechanical perforator and thereafter a propellant material is ignited within the casing thereby perforating the cement sheath. The formation may thereafter be stimulated with an acid stimulator. The mechanical perforator may include use of a toothed wheel, or a needle-punch perforator. The propellant may be deployed in a sleeve and may comprise an abrasive material.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for sealing a wellbore. In one aspect an apparatus for sealing a wellbore is provided. The apparatus includes a swelling elastomer disposed around an outer surface of the tubular body. The swelling elastomer is isolated from wellbore fluid in an annulus. However, upon the application of an outwardly directed force to an inner surface of the tubular body, the tubular body expands radially outward causing the swelling elastomer to contact the wellbore while exposing the swelling elastomer to an activating agent via the one or more apertures, thereby causing the swelling elastomer to create a pressure energized seal with one or more adjacent surfaces in the wellbore. In another aspect, a liner assembly for isolating a zone in a wellbore is provided. In yet another aspect, a method for sealing a wellbore is provided.

Abstract: A safety valve of the type where two valve elements (4) in a bore (3) can be moved towards each other for closing a flow path (2). Each valve element comprises two parts (10, 20), each of which is connected to an actuator (5, 6), thus enabling them to be moved independently of each other.

Abstract: The side tracking system includes a window mill having a full diameter cutting surface and a reduced diameter tapered cutting surface and a whipstock having a ramp engaging the reduced diameter cutting surface. The materials of the whipstock have a first cutablity and the materials of the casing have a second cutability. The reduced diameter cutting surface contacts the whipstock ramp at a first contact area and the full diameter cutting surface contacts the wall of the casing at a second contact area. As weight is applied to the mill, there is a first contact stress at the first contact area and a second contact stress at the second contact area. A cutability ratio is the first cutability divided by the second cutability and a contact stress ratio is the first contact stress divided by the second contact stress. The mill cuts the casing rather than the whipstock by maintaining the product of the cutability ratio and the contact stress ratio less than one.

Abstract: A system for controlling a dynamic pressure transient in a well during operations to provide fluid communication between the wellbore and adjacent formation. A method includes determining the characteristics of an adjacent formation, selecting a perforating tool for increasing fluid communication, determining a dynamic pressure transient to enhance the quality of the fluid communication and prevent damage, selecting a wellbore fluid to achieve the desired pressure transient, and performing the fluid communication process based on the selected parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a locator system for a cutting device in combination with a production string. Where the production string has at least one detent along its circumference. The invention also comprises a lock formed to engage the detent, a cutting device, and a body on which the lock is attached. The body is connected to the cutting device such that when the lock is engaged to the detent, the cutting device is operatively connected to the detent and the cutting device is positioned at a location to accurately sever the production string at a desired depth. An alternative embodiment of the detent is a nipple profile and the production string comprises a series of tubing members connected end to end. The tubing members can be a completion tool, tubing, or a combination of both. Also disclosed is a method of using the locator system.

Abstract: A method of installing a liner in a drilled bore below a section of bore previously lined with casing comprises the steps of: running a length of liner into the bore such that at least an upper end of the liner is positioned in overlapping relation with at least a lower end of the casing; and plastically deforming a portion of the liner such that an external face of the portion forms an interference fit with an internal face of a portion of the casing. The interference fit preferably provides both hanging support for the liner and a fluid-tight seal between the liner and casing.

Abstract: The shear ram assembly 10 for shearing an oil well tubular T includes a first ram 16 axially moveable along the first axis 66 for moving an upper blade 17, and an opposing second ram 18 axially moveable along the second ram axis 68 for moving a lower blade 19. An upper planar surface 40 of the lower blade passes closely adjacent a lower planar surface 42 of the upper blade as the blades move towards each other to shear the tubular. The sealing system 24 is positioned within a recess 26 in the upper surface of the lower blade, and includes an elastomeric seal 28 for sealing engagement with the lower planar surface of the upper blade and a rigid actuator 30 moveable relative to the lower blade to energize the elastomeric seal.

Abstract: The apparatus is used for cutting an opening through the wall of a conduit located in a borehole traversing the subsurface formations. The apparatus includes a body adapted to be lowered into the conduit to a desired level. The body is formed by a cylindrical wall defining an elongated chamber having a combustible charge receiving portion and an ignition system portion located close to the combustible charge receiving portion. A plurality of spaced apart apertures are formed through the wall defining a given pattern which may be at least one elongated row of apertures generally parallel with the axis of the cylindrical wall or a line which encloses a given configuration on one side of the axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for providing a pathway for fluid communication through a tubing-retrievable subsurface safety valve (TRSSV). The method and apparatus are designed to be deployed within a hydrocarbon wellbore after the TRSSV has failed. The apparatus is a milling tool that is run into the wellbore and landed within the TRSSV. The milling tool comprises a housing system, a cutting system, a drive system, and an actuating system. In operation, the milling tool is landed within the housing of the tubing-retrievable safety valve. Thereafter, the actuating system is initiated. The actuating system actuates the drive system, which in turn drives the cutting system. In one aspect, the drive system is a rotary motor and shaft system that is connected to the cutting system.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention relates to perforating gun carriers and their methods of manufacture. In one embodiment of the present invention, high strength, uniform wall thickness carriers are manufactured through use of the electric resistance weld process.

Abstract: A downhole chemical cutter (12) has first and second passages (124, 126) which extend parallel, in fluid communication with an interior passage (32). A first ignitor (210) in the first passage (124) ignites a propellant (34) in the interior passage (32) to dispense a cutting chemical (46). The second passage (126) extends from the interior passage (32) to an exterior of the chemical cutter (12), and is sealed by members (176, 156). After the first ignitor (210) is fired, the second ignitor (218) is fired to push the members (176, 156) from sealing the second ignitor passage (126), such that the interior passage (32) is in fluid communication with the exterior of the chemical cutter (12). A control circuit (252) has two diodes (106, 110) connected in parallel and configured for passing current of opposite polarity to respective ones of the first and second ignitors (210, 218).

Abstract: A self-lubricating swage expands tubulars and includes a primary swaging tool supported on a mandrel that has a lubricious capacity or a primary swaging tool supported on a mandrel and a nose swage member supported on an end of the mandrel. In the latter the nose swage member is fabricated of, is coated with or otherwise includes and applies a lubricious material that smears onto a surface coming into contact with the nose swage member. The smearing of the lubricious material facilitates the sliding of the swaging member as it contacts the inner walls of the tubular.