Abstract: A fire-retardant particle comprises a core formed of an aqueous solution and one or more inorganic compounds, which comprise ammonium phosphate. The particle further comprises a waterproof shell encasing the core. In an embodiment, a method of fighting a fire comprises encasing a hydrated fire-retardant compound in a waterproof shell of a fire-retardant particle. The fire-retardant particle is deployed in an area of fire. Moisture within the waterproof shell is heated by the fire. The waterproof shell ruptures as a result of the heated moisture so as to deploy the fire-retardant compound.

Abstract: A wide-area wildfire suppression system uses a network of geographically distributed water sprayers, and includes at least one wind sensor and a fire-suppression controller communicatively coupled to the water sprayers and the at least one wind sensor. The at least one wind sensor detects wind direction and communicates wind-direction information to the fire-suppression controller, which uses the wind-direction information to activate at least one of the water sprayers upwind of an asset or area to be protected. Parameters of the water spray, such as flow rate, droplet size, spray pattern, spray direction, spray elevation, or aeration, can be adapted based on wind direction or wind speed.

Abstract: Firefighting gas releasing apparatuses may include a trigger housing. A containment shell having a plurality of interfaceable shell sections may be carried by the trigger housing. The shell sections may be positional in a closed shell configuration and an open shell configuration. A shell interior may be formed by the shell sections in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell. The shell interior may be configured to contain a supply of at least one fire-suppressing gas. A plurality of shell retention members may removably engage the shell sections. A shell retention strap may releasably engage the shell retention members. The shell retention strap and the shell retention members may retain the shell sections in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell. A retainer piston may be disposed in the trigger housing.

Abstract: The invention is a device for extinguishing a fire, the device comprises a pad adapted to be configured in various shapes and sizes and having a body or core filled with free-flowing expanded glass granulate having fire extinguishing properties, the body or core is compartmentalized to separately contain the free flowing granulate within defined regions, the body or core is formed from a sacrificial material that disintegrates upon exposure to heat whereby the free-flowing expanded glass granulate contained in the body or core is released onto the fire or source of heat to extinguish it. In one embodiment the device includes a fire resistant cover member. In another embodiment one side or face of the device is provided with a fire resistant layer or barrier so that only the opposite side or face of the device will disintegrate.

Abstract: A system may be configured to detect an emergency condition at a premises; dispatch one or more autonomous drones to a location associated with the emergency condition; receive from the one or more autonomous drones, sensor data associated with the emergency condition; generate, based on the sensor data, a plan identifying an evacuation route for safely evacuating the premises; and transmit an instruction that causes the one or more autonomous drones to indicate, to one or more persons in a vicinity of the emergency condition, the evacuation route. The system may further detect, based on the sensor data, one or more safe areas in the premises, and the evacuation route may pass through at least one of the one or more safe areas.

Abstract: An aircraft for unmanned firefighting may include a water tank fillable via a scoop operation during flight of the aircraft, and configured to be emptied by a release operation at a target of interest, a communications module configured to employ wireless communication via a ground link and/or a satellite link to provide real time or near real time communication with a remote configuration or monitoring facility, an imaging module configured to obtain image data at the target of interest for identifying updated target information, and a navigation module configured to enable remote or autonomous operation of the aircraft during the scoop operation and the release operation.

Abstract: A system for suppressing fires from an aircraft has a munition deployment system suspended beneath the aircraft. A shield is suspended between the aircraft and the munition deployment system to protect the aircraft. The munition deployment system has munitions compartments containing munitions for deploying vertically from the munition deployment system, and for detonating over a fire. A controller within the aircraft communications with a sensor package in the munition deployment system and directs the order of munition deployment.

Abstract: A system may be configured to detect an emergency condition at a premises; dispatch one or more autonomous drones to a location associated with the emergency condition; receive from the one or more autonomous drones, sensor data associated with the emergency condition; generate, based on the sensor data, a plan identifying an evacuation route for safely evacuating the premises; and transmit an instruction that causes the one or more autonomous drones to indicate, to one or more persons in a vicinity of the emergency condition, the evacuation route. The system may further detect, based on the sensor data, one or more safe areas in the premises, and the evacuation route may pass through at least one of the one or more safe areas.

Abstract: An apparatus, operations controller and methods for controlling unmanned aerial vehicles for detection, prevention and suppression of fires in a designated zone are presented. Monitored information is received and analyzed to detect a presence of a fire event or a fire risk in the designated zone. A cargo unmanned aerial vehicle is directed to a vicinity of the fire event or the fire risk and instructed to deploy a fire retardant or a fire suppressant at a location of the fire event or the fire risk, if the presence of the fire event or the fire risk is detected.

Abstract: A liquid projection bomb includes a shell and is characterized in that functional liquid is filled into the shell, and the shell is made of a soft or hard material easy to crack when bumped. The functional liquid includes water, alcohol, fuel oil, and a solution of water mixed with an extinguishing agent, a fertilizer or a drug.

Abstract: An article and method for spreading a substance about a surface is disclosed. The article includes a hollow, frangible shell having an opening. The shell is filled with a substance and a plug closes. A user throws the article at the surface where the substance is desired to be spread. Upon impact, the shell shatters scattering the substance.

Abstract: A fire-extinguishing device of the type integrated into an aircraft, is for the controlled transportation and evacuation of fire-fighting material and may be activated from the aircraft while it is in flight, onto the area which is on fire. The fire-extinguishing device comprises at least one closed independent receptacle (3) filled with the fire-fighting material, housed within a container, which is fastened to the aircraft, which includes at least one collapsible outlet hatch for the at least one closed independent receptacle (3) and which, upon opening, frees the gravitational fall of the fire-fighting material. The at least one closed independent receptacle (3) has a built-in fill valve, with an anti-drainback mechanism which guarantees that the at least one closed independent receptacle (3) is leak tight. The built-in fill valve can be accessed through the at least one collapsible outlet hatch.

Abstract: A system and methods for deployment operations from an airborne vehicle are presented. A designated location of a target is received at a flight control system coupled to a location tracking guided container comprising an agent. The location tracking guided container is ejected at an ejection point from the airborne vehicle approximately above the designated location of the target to descend at a descent rate and a descent angle. A calculated path to the designated location is calculated based on the designated location and a current location of the location tracking guided container. The location tracking guided container is aerodynamically guided by a glide control structure to fly along the calculated path from the ejection point to a load release altitude near the designated location of the target. The agent is delivered to the designated location of the target by releasing the agent at the load release altitude near the designated location.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing equipment for extinguishing cooking oil fires includes fire extinguishing agent, a single-layer hot-melt resin film enclosing the fire extinguishing agent, at least one float, and a quadratic prism-shaped paper case enclosing the single-layer hot-melt adhesive film and the at least one float. The quadratic prism-shaped paper case includes a plurality of sides, at least one of which has al least one outlet.

Abstract: There is provided a hand-held aerosol fire suppression apparatus, having safety pole, button, enclosure of cartridge, enclosure of cooling layer, jet nozzle, tapered jet orifice, enclosure of apparatus, combustion chamber, rear fender, piezoelectric ceramics, rear cap and safety ring; wherein the rear cap is screwed to the enclosure of apparatus; the jet nozzle is screwed or fitted to the enclosure of apparatus; a chemical agent is installed in the enclosure of cartridge and a cooling material is installed in the enclosure of cooling layer in the enclosure of apparatus; a thermal insulating layer is installed between the enclosure of apparatus and the enclosure of cartridge, between the enclosure of apparatus and the enclosure of cooling layer, and between the rear fender and the chemical agent; the combustion chamber is installed between the enclosure or cartridge and the enclosure of cooling layer; a groove is arranged on the enclosure of apparatus to facilitate gripping.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for releasing a fluid to the atmosphere comprises a housing (12) for the fluid. The housing can comprise a biodegradable polymer, or a polymer that has been adapted to biodegrade. The polymer can also comprise a component that is reflective to infrared radiation so as to prevent melting of the housing polymer during immersion in or while in proximity to flame. The apparatus further comprises a mechanism (30, 32, 42, 50, 56, 58) for causing the fluid to be released to the atmosphere from the housing. The mechanism can be housed in a second housing (14) that is detachably mounted to the first housing to define a housing unit. Further, a restraint mechanism (34) can be provided for regulating when the fluid is to be released from the housing to the atmosphere. The restraint mechanism can be deactivated once a certain force of apparatus impact with a surface has been reached.

Abstract: A fire-extinguishing bomb that can be pre-programmed to explode 2-200 feet above the ground or tree line. The bomb employs a laser or barometric altitude sensor in combination with a GPS-altitude sensor for failsafe detonation with extreme accuracy at the proper altitude. The redundant failsafe altitude-dependent detonation system ruptures a container carrying a payload of wet or dry fire retardant/suppressant, preferably dry environmentally-friendly fire-retardant powder having no toxicity and having fertilizer properties. Upon detonation the device coats the ground below with a uniform fire extinguishing coating. The core components of the bomb can be biodegradable, or alternatively can be readily retrieved and reused after each activation, thereby increasing both economy and reducing environmental concerns.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an overpressure disrupter system is described including at least one module, an explosive material contained in at least one module, and a fire retardant material contained in at least one module. At least one module includes at least one connection area, at least one outer wall; and at least one inner wall. At least one outer wall and at least one inner wall combine to form at least one outer compartments housing the fire retardant material. At least one inner wall forms at least one inner compartment housing the explosive material. At least one connection area is configured to connect at least one module with at least one of another of at least one module and at least one ancillary device.

Abstract: An extinguishing container having a closable filling opening for liquid extinguishing agent is provided. The extinguishing container is deformable in an unfilled storage state and dimensional stability in an operating state in which the extinguishing container is filled with extinguishing agent, wherein the deformability decreases with an increasing filling degree, and by a compartment for accommodating blasting agent. The compartment is arranged in the container interior at least in the operating state and comprises a closable opening on or outside of the outer surface of the extinguishing container. A method for providing serviceable extinguishing containers for aerial firefighting, characterized by the transformation of one or more extinguishing containers according to the invention from the storage state thereof to the operating state in the first step, as well as the placement of a blasting agent in the compartment and the attachment of an igniter for the blasting agent is also provided.

Abstract: The fire extinguishing ball includes an outer ball cage, an inner ball cage freely rotatable within the outer ball cage about one axis, and an internal fire extinguishing assembly carried by the inner ball cage and freely rotatable therein about a different axis. The internal fire extinguishing assembly includes a hollow ball-shaped body containing compressed gas and fire extinguishing agents. A valve assembly attached to the top of the body permits refilling of the body and dispersion of the contents during operation. The internal fire extinguishing assembly is connected to the inner ball cage so that the valve assembly will be disposed on top when the fire extinguishing ball is at rest. The ball can be tossed or rolled towards fires in difficult to reach areas. Exposure to heat opens the valve in the valve assembly to thereby disperse the contents of the body and extinguish the flames.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fire-extinguishing agent for a fire extinguisher and a fire extinguishing apparatus is provided. The fire-extinguishing agent is manufactured by dissolving 55 g to 65 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate in 300 to 350 mL of hot water at 70° C. to 90° C. to prepare a solution, dissolving 6 g to 8 g of ammonium sulfate in the prepared solution, dissolving 170 g to 190 g of potassium carbonate in the resultant solution, and adding, to the resultant solution, 25 to 35 mL of the undiluted solution of an aqueous film-forming foam fire-extinguishing agent. The total amount of the fire-extinguishing agent is adjusted to 600 mL. A throw-type fire extinguisher having a total weight of 700 g to 800 g is produced by charging a container with 600 mL of the fire-extinguishing agent.

Abstract: An automatic fire extinguisher includes a closed metal container with a top and upper portion in the shape of the frustum of a cone, a hemispherical shaped lower portion and a weighted bottom portion. The closed container includes a closeable opening for filling the container with the fire suppressant and a pressure valve for pressurizing the container after filling with suppressant. A quantity of fire suppressant is disposed in the container and dischargeable through a tubular member that extends through the top of the container and outwardly through a spray nozzle attached to the tubular member.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a fire extinguishing apparatus. Particularly to an apparatus that includes at least one container that includes a fire retardant gel. The gel is formed from dehydrated superabsorbent polymer and water. The pre filled containers include at least one control valve or frangible portion to release the fire retardant to extinguish the fire.

Abstract: A guided fire-retardant-containing bomb comprises a container with retractable wings, tail and elevators having the form factor of a conventional release vehicle, where the control surfaces are coupled via a controller to a GPS with inertial guidance control and an ability to receive external instructions, and a charge core to disintegrate and disperse the fire retardant or water.

Abstract: A fire suppression device including a fire suppression agent generator. The device further includes trigger mechanism adapted to begin generation of the fire suppression agent from the fire suppression agent generator. A container at least partially surrounds the fire suppression agent generator and the trigger mechanism, the container includes a discharge port that directs fire suppression agent in at least two opposed directions. In one example, the discharge port extends substantially around a perimeter of the container.

Abstract: Device to extinguish a fire produced in a building, characterized by having a bomb comprising a hollow body whose inner part carries a load of a fire-retarding component and an actuator that, when it hits the surface of the building, activates a detonator that makes the charge explode, scattering the fire-retarding component over the whole surface area of the radius of action, the detonator and explosive charge contained inside a receptacle and the detonator being connected by means of an electrical wire to one or various actuators installed on the surface of the body of the bomb.

Abstract: The object of the inventive method and device for controlling and/or extinguishing fires is to extend the range of means for transporting devices to a fire site, substantially reduce the time for the operating preparation thereof and to exclude a fragmentation field caused by the device explosion which ensures the momentary conversion of a fire-extinguishing composition into a fine cloud associated with a simultaneous airblast effect produced to a fire area and a maximum distribution of said fire-extinguishing composition through the fire volume. Said method for controlling and/or putting out a fire consists in effecting the fire area by an airblast and the high-speed flow of the air-dispersed mixture of the fire-extinguishing composition (7) produced by the explosion of a fire-suppressing device (2) which comprises a dispersing charge (8) and a container (6) with the fire-extinguishing composition (7).

Abstract: A fire suppression device including a fire suppression agent generator. The device further includes trigger mechanism adapted to begin generation of the fire suppression agent from the fire suppression agent generator. A container at least partially surrounds the fire suppression agent generator and the trigger mechanism, the container includes a discharge port that directs fire suppression agent in at least two opposed directions. In one example, the discharge port extends substantially around a perimeter of the container.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for releasing a fluid to the atmosphere comprises a housing (12) for the fluid. The housing can comprise a biodegradable polymer, or a polymer that has been adapted to biodegrade. The polymer can also comprise a component that is reflective to infrared radiation so as to prevent melting of the housing polymer during immersion in or whilst in proximity to flame. The apparatus further comprises a mechanism (30, 32, 42, 50, 56, 58) for causing the fluid to be released to the atmosphere from the housing. The mechanism can be housed in a second housing (14) that is detachably mounted to the first housing to define a housing unit. Further, a restraint mechanism (34) can be provided for regulating when the fluid is to be released from the housing to the atmosphere. The restraint mechanism can be deactivated once a certain force of apparatus impact with a surface has been reached.

Abstract: A flexible, frangible bladder for the receipt of water and/or fire retardant, the bladder of sufficient size to contain a sufficient amount of such water and/or fire retardant, the bladder being positionable in a retaining member positioned on an aircraft, the retaining member selectively moveable so as to release the bladder onto a desired location in a wild fire, the bladder bursting upon impact, and spreading the water and/or fire retardant.

Abstract: A fire retarding missile and method of use having a unitary construction and containing a propulsion system as well as fire treatment materials. Dispersal of the materials can be initiated both actively and passively, with passive dispersal allowing for a fail safe mode of operation. The fire treatment materials are of the oxygen reduction type, and the method of the invention is to target the hot spot of a fire in order to reduce the spread and intensity thereof. An active guidance system may be of the heat seeking type, or may alternatively be remote controlled video. Stabilizer and guidance fins are controlled in response to signals from the guidance system in order to precisely position the device. The device can be modified for use in fires of specific heat ranges by using nose cones designed to melt in a respective heat range.

Abstract: Those are new lines with new equipment, compounds, methods to provide immediate answers for the extinction of fires of any magnitude. The containers or Capsules herein proposed are defined as Fire Extinction Flexible Capsules (22), Fire Extinction Hard Containers (22-A), Fire Extinction Hard Spherical Containers (22-B), Refractory Fire Extinction Articulated Container (113), Special Fire Extinction Articulated Container (113-A), and Fire Extinction Mortars (96), and/or Fire Extinction Bottle-type Container (96-A). All pieces of equipment proposed will be deployed on aircrafts (97-B) or on Helicopters (97, 97-A) hovering and specially equipped to run the applications, as well as specially equipped land vehicles. The aircrafts can be provided with systems or guiding devices to guarantee target route accuracy for the extinction of forest, urban, and/or technical fires.

Abstract: Delivery of pelletized carbon dioxide (dry ice) to a target material such as a hazardous material or a fire from a distance, by projection, spraying, or aerial dropping the pelletized carbon dioxide onto the target material using gravity. Delivery may be made by a mobile apparatus. The types of target material with which the present invention is designed to apply may include, e.g., hydrocarbon material, hazardous material, burning material, and the like. The carbon dioxide may be pelletized to diameters in a size range of about 3 mm to 100 mm.

Abstract: This invention relates to a forest, terrain and urban fire fighting device and method, and more particularly, to a fire extinguishing system and method offering reduced risk of fire spread and safety of firemen. This extinguishing device consists of an encapsulated cryogenic projectile with a payload of solidified and frozen mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, combination of gases and compacted solid extinguishing agents. These strategically located and cryogenically stored devices are launched at the outbreak of fire, aerially or terrestrially over a blaze. An embedded explosive charge is detonated at a predetermined and optimum height causing the solidified gases/compacted solid extinguishing agents to be dispersed instantaneously and forcefully over targeted and specified areas. The release of high pressure, low temperature oxygen exclusion gases penetrate the fire from above, chills the substrate and extinguishes the fire.

Abstract: Delivery of pelletized carbon dioxide (dry ice) to a target material from a distance, by projection, spraying, or aerial dropping the pelletized carbon dioxide onto the target material using gravity. Delivery may be made by a mobile apparatus. The types of target material with which the present invention is designed to apply may include, e.g., hydrocarbon material, hazardous material, burning material, and the like. The carbon dioxide may be pelletized to diameters in a size range of about 3 mm to 100 mm.

Abstract: An explosive fire extinguishing device is used in interior or localized exterior environments. The force of detonation is minimalized through the use of low-density, low-mass components. A container is composed of a lightweight casing of rigid plastic foam or other suitably frangible material, with an abrasion-resistant, thin plastic, protective, exterior sheathing. Within an internal cavity of the device, the above-mentioned low-yield pyrotechnic detonator is located at or near the center of mass, and is actuated by fuse cords secured at or near the exterior surface. An interior volume of a hollow casing is charged with fire-retardant chemical agents, including dry powders, two-part reactants, liquid components or others, singly or in combination.

Abstract: An invention is presented that will usher in a new and markedly improved era of open, large scale fire fighting. ‘The Invention’ places a CAFS (compressed air foam system) into the fuselage of a helicopter or fixed-wing plane. The CAFS then generates high volumes of effective fire-extinguishing and preventive micellar-foam solution at the attack point of the fire itself rather than refilling at a remote base. It accesses ater contained in a helicopter's Bambi Bucket and refills from a fixed wing plane or other water containing reservoir. The foam solution is then packaged into balloons, made of fire retardant and bio-friendly material, that are accurately and rapidly dropped upon the target fire. ‘The Invention” therefore utilizes and adapts currently available equipment, personnel, and fire-fighting technology to allow a simple, rapid, effective and drastically cost-saving means of extinguishing open fires.

Abstract: A firearm for extinguishing a fire from a position remote from the fire. A cartridge is disposed in, and is selectively discharged from, a pistol. The cartridge includes a head containing a pressurized fire extinguishant and a casing containing a propellent. The casing is removably attached to the head by mating portions of hook and loop fasteners so as to allow the casing and the head to be independent of each other prior to use. The bead has a lip containing a chamber communicating with the pressurized fire extinguishant therein and which exits through through bores in both sides of the lip, respectively. A release pin is removed from the through bores and the firing apparatus is activated causing the cartridge to exit the barrel and expel the pressurized fire extinguishant through the through bores on its way to the fire during use.

Abstract: A portable fire extinguishing device capable of suppressing a fire in a room or other enclosed area comprises a housing containing a pyrotechnic composition and a delay fuze. Upon initiation, the pyrotechnic composition burns and generates combustion byproducts that include an inorganic halogen compound that is dispersed as a aerosol of fine particles, or a gas that rapidly condenses into an aerosol of fine particles, the particle size of which is so small that the free-fall velocity of the particles is less than the average air currents in the room. Accordingly, the fire suppression aerosol remains suspended for several hours to act as a fire suppressant and because of its persistence will seek out and suppress even hidden fires.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing device and associated methods. The device is adapted to be positioned in proximity to a fire and operable in response to heat output by the fire. The device includes a first reservoir, containing a fluid, adapted to receive the heat from the fire and thereby exert a pressure and a second reservoir, communicating with the first reservoir, containing a fire fighting material. The device further includes a pressure-sensitive membrane, forming a pressure-sensitive barrier between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, adapted to rupture upon a predetermined pressure being attained in the first reservoir and thereby releasing a steam into the second reservoir. The steam expels the fire fighting material onto the fire. Additionally disclosed are methods for using the device to control and extinguish fires.

Abstract: A water pod for assisting a user in extinguishing forest fires includes a hollow shell constructed with a biodegradable plastic that ruptures upon impact when dropped from an aircraft. The shell includes a fill port allowing it to be filled with water or another flame retardant material. The shell may include a detonation device allowing the pod to be ruptured prior to impact, if desired.

Abstract: A firefighting bomblet includes a container having rigid supportive walls that together define a faceted-sphere shape, a cavity disposed inside the container and defined by the walls, and an opening in one of the walls for filling the cavity with a fire retardant. The bomblet can further include a weak seam formed in one of the walls, the weak seam being adapted to be more easily ruptured than the remainder of the walls. A method for aerial firefighting includes the step of dropping at least one of the containers enclosing a fire retardant from an aircraft over a fire.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher includes a gas generator for pressurizing a suppressant. The generator includes an ignition cord within a flexible tube extending within an interior of an extinguisher bottle. Advantageously, there is additional generant between the tube and the ignition cord. The extinguisher may be manufactured as a retrofit of an existing hand-held supercharged extinguisher.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing and fire retarding method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing and fire retarding agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a shell wherein the shell comprises such an agent in solid form. An agent such as ice water, or liquid carbon dioxide is useful when employing the shell as “non-lethal” device. The solid shell is sublimable and will burst upon impact or upon exposure to the environmental conditions at the target site to release the contents of the shell as well as the fragments of the shell onto the target site.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing a fire utilizing non-azide solid gas propellant generation to produce and transport a suitable gas for suppressing a fire in a normally occupied area. The nitrogen gas produced by the solid propellant gas generation is optionally treated to remove undesirable elements such as water and/or carbon dioxide from the product gas prior to the delivery of the product gas to the protected hazard area.

Abstract: A fire blanket comprising a generally flexible substrate and a chemical compound which reacts endothermically when heated. The chemical compound is preferably an alkali metal salt and more preferably a potassium or sodium salt. The compound may be a solid at room temperature s or forms an alkali solution.

Abstract: A fire fighting apparatus (20) for fighting a fire (10) having a relatively large area or volume (11, 12), said apparatus including a targeting system (23) for identifying a target area to be doused with fire retardant and an ordnance (21) for discharging a multiplicity of projectiles (22) having the fire retardant contained therein (32). The ordnance of the apparatus includes at least one barrel assembly (30), said at least one barrel assembly having a barrel (39), a plurality of projectiles (35) axially disposed within the barrel for operative sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel (39), and discrete propellant charges (36) for propelling respective projectiles sequentially through the muzzle of the barrel, whereby said fire retardant is dispersed over the target area or within the target volume.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher includes a gas generator for pressurizing a suppressant. The generator includes an ignition cord within a flexible tube extending within an interior of an extinguisher bottle. Advantageously, there is additional generant between the tube and the ignition cord. The extinguisher may be manufactured as a retrofit of an existing hand-held supercharged extinguisher.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing device of the explosive type is disclosed for use in interior or localized exterior conflagrations, wherein the force of detonation of the device is minimalized through the use of low density/low mass components; no part of the device having sufficient mass or density to typically constitute a safety hazard as flying debris, nor be dangerous in concussive shock due the explosive burst. The present invention is composed of a lightweight casing of rigid plastic foam or other suitably frangible material, with an abrasion-resistant, thin plastic, protective, exterior sheathing. Within the internal cavity of the device, a low explosive yield detonator is located at or near the center of mass, and is actuated by fuse cord(s) extending from the detonator, the end(s) of which extend(s) from the interior detonator to a mounting at or near the exterior surface.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing and fire retarding method is provided comprising the step of confining a fire extinguishing and fire retarding agent in slurry, liquid or gaseous form within a shell wherein the shell comprises such an agent in solid form. An agent such as ice water, or liquid carbon dioxide is useful when employing the shell as “non-lethal” device. The solid shell is sublimable and will burst upon impact or upon exposure to the environmental conditions at the target site to release the contents of the shell as well as the fragments of the shell onto the target site.