Abstract: A gas generating composition containing glycidyl azide polymer and a high trogen content additive selected from the group consisting of guanylaminotetrazole nitrate, bis(triaminoguanidinium)5,5'azotetrazole, ammonium 5-nitraminotetrazole and high bulk density nitro guanidine generates large quantities of nitrogen gas upon burning and can be used to extinguish fires.

Abstract: An aqueous solution useful in extinguishing fires is disclosed comprising diammonium phosphate, a water soluble polyol, a water soluble gas-generating agent, a non-combustible viscosity builder and water; when sprayed upon burning surfaces, the solution intumesces and generates a flame-resistant polymeric foam having a high char value; the foam shuts off the air supply to the burning surface and thereby quickly and effectively extinguishes the fire.

Abstract: An aqueous foam fire extinguisher comprising (A) a surface-active agent having an anionic hydrophilic group, (B) a cationic water-soluble polymeric substance, and, optionally, (C) a polybasic acid compound.

Abstract: Titanium metal fires are extinguished by the application of a material selected from the group consisting of calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride and sodium fluoride.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous based fire fighting foams containing a stabilizing amount of an oligomer of the formulaR.sub.1 --E--S(O).sub.n [M.sub.1 ].sub.x [M.sub.2 ].sub.y [M.sub.3 ].sub.z Hwherein R.sub.1 is an oleophilic aryl, araliphatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group having up to 25 carbon atoms; E is a direct bond, or an organic covalently bonded divalent linking group, n is 0, 1 or 2, [M.sub.1 ] is a hydrophilic acrylamido monomer unit, [M.sub.2 ] is a copolymerizable non-acrylamido hydrophilic monomer unit, [M.sub.3 ] is a copolymerizable hydrophobic monomer unit, the average of the sum of x, y and z is between about 3 and about 500, and x/x+y+z is between 1 and about 0.5. These stabilizing oligomer additives in aqueous based fire fighting foams improve foam expansion, foam drainage and fire extinguishing times.

Abstract: The invention is a composition for combating fires and for inhibiting release of flammable vapor from liquids, which is film-forming and comprises, in an aqueous medium, a blend of a hydrolyzed protein and an ampholytic sulphonamide fluorosurfactant falling within the general formula:C.sub.6 F.sub.13.(CH.sub.2).sub.2.SO.sub.2.N(H or CH.sub.3).(CH.sub.2).sub.2 or 3.N.sup.30 (CH.sub.3).sub.2.(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3.COO-,said fluorosurfactant, when as a 0.1% aqueous solution, being film-forming on cyclohexane at normal temperatures. The composition preferably has an interfacial tension on 4-star petrol of at least 3.5 dyn.cm.sup.-1 and is particularly suitable for employment in foam form.

Abstract: Fire extinguishant composition comprising a mixture of a finely divided aluminum compound and alkali metal, stannous or plumbous halide. Aluminum compound may be aluminum hydroxide, alumina or boehmite but preferably it is an alkali metal dawsonite. The metal halide may be an alkali metal, e.g. potassium iodide, bromide or chloride or stannous or plumbous iodide, bromide or chloride. Potassium iodide is preferred.

Abstract: Class A and Class B fires are extinguished by applying to the burning material a composition consisting essentially of polymer micro-bits and water.

Abstract: A fire fighting composition and method for spraying a low volume liquid stream without foam onto a fire that conserves the volume of fluid used and yet more quickly snuffs out the fire. The fire fighting composition is formed from a concentrate comprising one or more nonionic surfactants having a combined cloud point of 68.degree. F.-212.degree. F. and sufficient water to form a concentrate solution of not greater than 30% by weight of the surfactant. The ultimate fire fighting composition is formed from the concentrate and passed through a conventional pump. A fire fighting solution is formed having not greater than 0.2% by volume of the surfactant that does not cause undesirable foaming or cavitation of the pump due to the low concentration of the surfactant. The fire fighting solution in this form is sprayed onto fires to form an effective means for combatting fires while achieving high versatility for conventional fire fighting pumping apparatus.

Abstract: Fire-fighting foam effective against burning hydrophilic or polar liquids like lower alcohols, ketones, etc. is made from concentrate containing thixotropic thickener dissolved in large amount, up to 1.5% or more, yet has a tolerable viscosity so that it can be poured or pumped. Heteropolysaccharide-7 or chain-shortened modifications of it are particularly suitable for this purpose. Higher concentrations are made practical by including in the concentrate urea, thiourea, ammonium cyanate or ammonium thiocyanate, to reduce the concentrate's viscosity and keep the polysaccharide from separating out upon freezing. Magnesium salts can also be dissolved in concentrate to improve fire extinguishing action when diluted with fresh water.

Abstract: Film-forming fire extinguishing foam concentrates are described containing water, at least one hydrocarbon surfactant and at least one fluorosurfactant compatible with the latter one, which comprise a small amount of aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 COOH, in which n is an integer of from 7 to 9, or the salts thereof.

Abstract: A powdery fire-extinguishing agent containing a powder as main ingredient and a powder as adjuvant, both or one of said powders being treated with an organofluorine compound which has a fluoroalkyl group containing 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which has a major transition temperature of 20.degree. C. or higher and a fluorine content of 5% by weight or more, which is insoluble in water and insoluble or sparingly soluble in a combustible liquid, and which has oil repellency; and a process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing betaine compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 21 carbon atoms, A is a group of the formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and p is an integer of 1 to 5), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a group of the formula: Rf--A--, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 2 to 6 and n is an integer of 1 to 4, which is useful as an additive to a foam fire-extinguishing composition for polar organic liquids.

Abstract: The method and appliance for fire extinguishing according to the present invention are suitable for use in stationary depot premises, baggage and engineering compartments of transportation facilities, etc. According to the method of the invention, at a suitable position in a compartment, an individual container is fixed, which is fitted with a fuse 3 responding to infrared radiation and carries a fire extinguishing compound whose function is effectuated by a chemically active liquid inhibitor confined in miniature capsules made from thermoplastic material and which is distributed over the compartment after ignition of the fuse 3 by conversion from a liquid to a gas. Vapors of the gaseous inhibitor escape from the container and produce a noncombustible atmosphere in the compartment. The appliance for performing this method embodies a container made non-gastight and fitted with a thermal charge placed inside it in the form of a rod manufactured from a highly inflammable oxygen-containing substance.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus and method of extinguishing a fire employing same are provided for an engine compartment of an engine drive vehicle in which the vehicle has an engine and a cooling system therefor employing a cooling liquid under pressure and the fire extinguishing apparatus comprises a system operatively connected to the cooling system for employing the cooling liquid under pressure and automatically spraying the cooling liquid in the compartment in response to a fire therein.

Abstract: A dispersal medium for cleaning of oil spills and the like and extinguishing petroleum fires having as its major quantitative part a household liquid detergent and also including eucalyptus oil, bovine urine, alfalfa and vitamin B-6 and methods of oil spill clean-up and fire extinguishing.

Abstract: A composition of matter for use with disseminating apparatus comprising powder having at least a bimodal particle size distribution, a gelled liquid, the powder being substantially insoluble in the gelled liquid. Preferably, a liquefied gas forms at least a portion of the gelled liquid.

Abstract: A substantially nonaqueous persistent thixotropic fire suppressant composition comprises a fire suppressant agent, a carrier material, the suppressant agent permeating the carrier material to form a suppressant permeated carrier material, a fire extinguishing dispersant, the carrier material being insoluble in the dispersant, the permeated carrier material being suspended in the dispersant, and a gelling agent in an amount effective to thixotropically gel the suspension of permeated carrier material and dispersant, the permeated carrier material being capable of adhering to an object in the vicinity of combustion.

Abstract: New aqueous concentrates containing a fluorinated surfactant and a further foam producing component are disclosed. They contain of from 0.5 to 2.5% by weight a fluorinated phosphorous acid ester having the formula ##STR1## In this formula means R.sub.f a perfluoroalkyl radical with from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, m zero or 1, p an integer of from 1 to 4, R.sub.1 a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl radical, a cylcohexyl radical or a 2-hydroxyalkyl radical with from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 a C.sub.1-4 alkyl radical, a cyclohexyl radical or a 2-hydroxyalkyl radical with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a radical of the formula R.sub.f --(CF.dbd.CH).sub.m --(CH.sub.2).sub.p, Q an alkylene radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by phenyl groups. The aqueous concentrate when diluted with about 16 parts by volume of water gives a solution which can be foamed. The foam it capable of extinguishing liquid hydrocarbon fires.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for instantaneous response and control of an aircraft and/or airfield fire. An array of fire retardant nozzles interconnected to a fire retardant supply system is provided alongside a runway of an airport and interconnected with a computerized control network for remote actuation thereof. A series of different types of sensors is provided in conjunction with the retardant nozzle system for detecting heat of the type produced from an aircraft and/or runway fire or incident and permitting fire retardant response thereto. The sensors are constructed in conjunction with orientation and angulation drive systems for positioning the separate fire-retardant nozzles in a configuration for spraying fire retardant upon the selected combustion. The system is provided with a smoke and fume evacuation system for use in conjunction therewith whereby toxic by-products of aircraft fire may be removed from the vicinity of the fire hazard.

Abstract: In a method of extinguishing metal fires, use is made of exfoliated graphite for isolating the relative burning metallic surface from the ambient atmosphere. Said exfoliated graphite may be obtained in situ starting from graphite complexes able to be exfoliated at the fire temperature range.

Abstract: A method for extinguishing fires which is particularly suited for extinguishing burning liquids. The area of the fire is covered by granulated or chopped mineral wool which is spread out over the fire in a sufficiently thick layer. The apparatus for carrying out the method consists of a blower which is provided with knives by means of which the mineral wool may be granulated. The apparatus can be used for removing the mineral wool after the fire has been extinguished.

Abstract: Fire-fighting foam effecting against burning hydrophilic or polar liquids like lower alcohols, ketones, etc. is made from concentrate containing thixotropic thickener dissolved in large amount, yet has a tolerable viscosity particularly when stirred. Heteropolysaccharide-7 or chain-shortened modifications of it are suitable for this purpose. The concentrate can also be made suitable for fighting fires on hydrophobic liquids by adding surfactants that cause aqueous film formation over such liquids.

Abstract: Concentrates suitable for making fire-fighting liquids upon sixteen-fold dilution are described comprising particular perfluoro ampholytic surfactants, solvents and fluorine-free surfactants. The ampholytic surfactants are of the general formula ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of from 1 to 20, a represents an integer of from 2 to 10, q represents an integer of from 0 to 10, p represents an integer from 0 to 10 and each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl orC.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.a --SO.sub.2the solvent is a glycol or glycol ether preferably butyldigol or butyl cellosolve. When the preferred fluorine-free surfactants are used the solutions obtainable on dilution will form a film on n-hexane. The concentrates contain less than 2% of the perfluoro surfactant.

Abstract: A method of and a device for extinguishing burning gases forming by evapoion of a low-temperature liquid gas stored in tank spaces and ignited upon entering atmosphere by random effects is described. The method and device include means for introducing a hydrocarbon (halone) such as difluorochlorobromomethane or trifluorobromomethane or mixtures thereof as an extinguishing agent into burning low-temperature gases underneath the root of the flame for achieving a chemical reaction with the burning low-temperature gases.

Abstract: A method of controlling toxic outgassing of carbon impregnated polyurethane nd other radio-frequency-absorbing materials when burning or smouldering. Ammonia gas and water or steam are sprayed onto smouldering material to combine with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) formed duringburning to yield ammonium cyanide plus ammonium chloride which yields relatively harmless precipitates when cooled.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher system using liquid-ballast tires of a vehicle, such as a tractor or log skidder. The tire has a fire retardant liquid, and it may be water, and it has several valves spaced therearound. A gas supply can be attached to one of the valves to force the liquid from the tire, and a hose can be attached to another one of the valves for directing the evacuating liquid from the tire and toward the fire.

Abstract: Aqueous foam formed with a solution containing a thixotropic polysaccharide in addition to foaming agent, will gel when projected onto a burning hydrophilic liquid, and such foam is not destroyed by the liquid, so that it is suitable to fight fires on hydrophilic liquids as well as on hydrophobic liquids and on solids that are compatible with the foam. The thixotropic character enables the ready pumping of the foam and of the solution from which it is formed. A substantial content of N-methyl pyrrolidone-2 in a concentrate for such foam-producing solution makes such concentrate more adaptable for ready dilution and also improves its stability. Other ingredients can also be included such as to form films over hydrophobic liquids to improve the stability of the foam that is formed and to increase the thixotropic action.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a polymerized (hydrated amideamine) complex, a method of making the same, fire extinguishing compositions containing the same as active agent and a method for extinguishing fires therewith.

Abstract: A method of fighting fires which comprises applying to the fire a foam produced from an aqueous composition comprising as a surface-active agent the residue of a branched oligomer of tetrafluoroethylene (C.sub.2 F.sub.4).sub.n wherein n is 4, 5, or 6 having a hydrophilic group attached to the residue of the oligomer, said oligomer having at least three CF.sub.3 groups and being characterized by a formula selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## The surfactants are particularly effective when incorporated in foams derived from other foam-producing materials.

Abstract: A low chloride extinguishing agent for combustible metal fires comprising from substantially 75 to substantially 94 weight percent of sodium carbonate as the basic fire extinguishing material, from substantially 1 to substantially 5 weight percent of a water-repellent agent such as a metal stearate, from substantially 2 to substantially 10 weight percent of a flow promoting agent such as attapulgus clay, and from substantially 3 to substantially 15 weight percent of a polyamide resin as a crusting agent.

Abstract: A thixotropic high internal phase ratio emulsion which is essentially nonflammable is employed as a fire extinguishing agent. In the preferred embodiment the emulsion contains an aqueous internal phase which makes up the major part of the emulsion, usually in excess of 90%, but preferably in excess of 95%, and a minor amount of an external phase which is of low volatility and/or flammability such as a heavy oil and an emulsifying material. Because it is thixotropic and cohesive, it forms a blanket over a fire, and coats adjacent surfaces, preventing the spread of the fire. This composition is particularly useful in fighting forest fires where the emulsion can be dropped or sprayed from aircraft with a minimum loss due to dispersion in air currents.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher fluid comprising an aqueous gel containing as gelling agent a combination of polyacrylamide and bentonite, particularly a mixture of 0.5 parts polyacrylamide and 2.7 parts bentonite, per 100 parts of water, by weight. The gelling components are incorporated in water in the proper proportions, and a stream of the resulting aqueous gel is applied to a burning area, to form a wet cool blanket thereover and inhibit further burning.