Abstract: A mid-chassis, underbody plow or scrapper blade is mounted under a vehicle chassis to permit the outer ends of the blade to move vertically. Pneumatic pressure actuators mounted on either side of the center line of the vehicle apply pressure to the respective ends of the blade to control the scrapping action.

Abstract: A plow blade comprising a forward facing longitudinally curved major portion and a minor blade resiliently and pivotally mounted on the major portion and being disposed between the major portion and the surface to which the plow is applied. Also included in the preferred embodiment is a `reversing` cylinder which is selectably operable to apply a force to urge the minor blade into a selectably rearward angle without inhibiting the resilient movement of the lower portion to respond to surface obstacles by deflecting into a further rearward position. Also provided of the present invention are selectable intermediate minor blade positions, such as perpendicular to the surface, to facilitate removal of residual surface material, e.g. packed snow and ice. Alternate embodiments include a retrofit kit applicable to existing plows to provide the features of the present invention.

Abstract: A land plane for leveling or grading the surface of a land area. The plane includes a frame defined by a center section and end sections pivotally connected to the center section, with each connection permitting relative physical movement about an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the plane. A first hydraulic system is provided for pivoting the end sections about their transverse axes for raising and lowering the center section with respect to ground level, wherein the system includes a device for equalizing fluid between hydraulic cylinders carried by the end sections to permit adjustment of the grader assembly with respect to ground level under different operating conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus mounting on the main frame of a motorgrader for controlling grading and sloping of road shoulders and previously subgraded surfaces having a resilient suspension system for the moldboard depending from the main frame of the grader which is laterally spaced from the point of application of a control load by a universally-connected, double-acting hydraulic jack attached thereto; said moldboard being lifted against said resilient support relative to the main frame of the grader for grade control by a shoe, wheel or ski, which is mounted adjacent the one end thereof and arranged for sliding along a roadway or other previously graded surface as a horizontal reference, and tilted relative to the main frame for slope control by manipulation of the double-acting hydraulic jack controlled by a feedback controller which measures the error in actual moldboard tilt and compares it to a fixed vertical reference as determined by a pendulous sensor and corrects the same in establishing the desired slope to the

Abstract: An operating and shock cylinder assembly for vehicle mounted underbody scraper and grader blades, plows and the like. The assembly of cylinders operates with hydraulic fluid and air, both under pressure, to move the blade or plow between retracted and road engaging positions. It also permits the blade to trip or yield when it engages a fixed obstacle in the road after which the blade quickly returns to its road engaging position. The assembly includes a pair of coacting cylinders which are first charged with air under pressure after which one of the cylinders is charged with hydraulic fluid under pressure. The hydraulic charge forces all of the air into the other cylinder and further compresses it, and this air operates as a powerful spring force or load on a piston in the cylinder that is connected to the pivotally mounted blade. Under this condition, the blade is firmly but yieldably biased into road engaging position.