Structure Engages Work At Point Diametrically Opposed To Tool Patents (Class 173/36)
  • Patent number: 11633846
    Abstract: A removable attachment assembly for a ninety degree drill assembly, which includes a base member and a securement assembly secured to the base member for releasably securing the base member to a housing of the ninety degree drill assembly. The removable attachment assembly further includes a cushion member releasably securable to the base member.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 2019
    Date of Patent: April 25, 2023
    Assignee: The Boeing Company
    Inventors: Ryan L. Blake, Ryan D. Jennings
  • Patent number: 11619096
    Abstract: The present invention provides a drill assembly that includes a drill for drilling rock, a support for supporting the drill, and a valve for releasably securing the support and drill together. The valve is adapted to receive a fluid from a pump means and controllably provide the drill and the support with the fluid for operation of the drill and the support.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 26, 2018
    Date of Patent: April 4, 2023
    Assignee: UGT Group Pty Ltd
    Inventor: Max Scott
  • Patent number: 10669689
    Abstract: A hydromill wheel (5) for excavating a trench in hard rock includes a drum (4) arranged to be rotated about its axis (A, B). The wheel (4) further includes a plurality of single disc cutters (11) mounted on the periphery of the drum (5), the single disc cutter (11) having a rotatable single cutting disc (11) arranged to come in contact with and crush the rock during excavation. The spacing of the projection of at least some of the cutting discs (11) on the drum axis (A, B) is 20% to 70% of the cutting disc diameter.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 2013
    Date of Patent: June 2, 2020
    Assignee: VSL INTERNATIONAL AG
    Inventor: Jean-Christophe Gillard
  • Patent number: 10589412
    Abstract: A rechargeable electric power tool includes a motor that includes a rotation shaft, a motor housing that houses the motor, a gear housing disposed ahead of the motor, a final output shaft that is held onto the gear housing and perpendicular to the rotation shaft, and a loop-shaped handle housing disposed at a rear of the motor housing, and a battery mounting portion configured to hold two battery packs is disposed at a rear portion of the handle housing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 21, 2017
    Date of Patent: March 17, 2020
    Assignee: MAKITA CORPORATION
    Inventors: Hidenori Nagasaka, Tomohiko Imae
  • Patent number: 10538972
    Abstract: An arrangement for feeding at least a part of a drilling machine in at least a first direction. A drilling system and a method are provided. The arrangement includes a first end portion, a second end portion, an outer cylinder, a piston and a piston rod. The piston and the piston rod are displaceably arranged in the outer cylinder such that the piston and the piston rod, the outer cylinder and the end portions delimits a first chamber and a second chamber for a pressure medium in the outer cylinder on a respective side of the piston. A valve is connected to the first chamber for reducing the pressure medium in the first chamber. The valve is arranged to be opened at an increased pressure in the second chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 2014
    Date of Patent: January 21, 2020
    Assignee: CONSTRUCTION TOOLS PC AB
    Inventors: Magnus Karlsson, Anders Lundgren, Robert Ivertsson
  • Patent number: 10316654
    Abstract: A coring method includes disposing a coring tool in a borehole adjacent a subterranean formation to be sampled. The method further includes determining a property of the formation and selecting a coring tool operational mode based on the property of the formation. The method also includes obtaining a sample from the formation using the coring tool operational mode. A type of coring shaft also may be selected based on the property of the formation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 2016
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2019
    Assignee: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
    Inventors: Barry Moon, Vincent Jeffrey Pisio, Steven E. Buchanan
  • Patent number: 9586312
    Abstract: A universal drill stand for supporting a hand-held drill in an elevated and inverted position for drilling holes or inserting fasteners into a concrete ceiling or other overhead surface. The universal drill stand is extendable for use with varying ceiling heights. It eliminates the need for a worker to construct scaffolding or ascend a ladder or other elevating device to drill each hole, allowing the worker to remain safely on the floor and away from dust and debris associated with the drilling.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 6, 2015
    Date of Patent: March 7, 2017
    Inventors: David J. Buchner, J. Reed Felton
  • Patent number: 9410423
    Abstract: Disposing a coring tool in a borehole adjacent a subterranean formation to be sampled. Determining a property of the formation and selecting a coring tool operational mode based on the property of the formation. Obtaining a sample from the formation using the coring tool operational mode. A type of coring shaft also may be selected based on the property of the formation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 25, 2013
    Date of Patent: August 9, 2016
    Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation
    Inventors: Barry Moon, Vincent Jeffrey Pisio, Steven E. Buchanan
  • Patent number: 9302363
    Abstract: Disclosed is a feature that collects dust particles that arise from a processing operation of an impact tool. The dust collection device collects dust that arises from of a processing operation and is attached to the impact tool that performs a pre-determined processing operation on a processed member by way of a tool bit mounted to the tip region of the tool body being linearly operated at least in the lengthwise direction. The dust collection device has a dust collection unit of which the tip opens as a dust intake port and the contour shape is formed unevenly around the long axis of the tool bit. The position of the dust collection unit is freely selected around the long axis of the tool bit, and it is possible to cause the position to change around the long axis of the bit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 4, 2011
    Date of Patent: April 5, 2016
    Assignee: MAKITA CORPORATION
    Inventors: Hiroki Ikuta, Ken Yamauchi, Takamasa Hanai, Masao Miwa, Tomohiro Ukai, Shusaku Wakatsuki, Akihiro Ito
  • Patent number: 7617885
    Abstract: A drill attachment for engagement and actuation of a drill apparatus having a bifurcated frame defining a first shaft and a second shaft operatively engaged to the drill apparatus at first and second engagement points is disclosed. A handle is pivotally engaged to the first shaft and is operatively coupled to a trigger actuator located along the first shaft through a trigger cable operatively engaged to a trigger actuator the distal end of the first shaft that permits remote actuation of the drill apparatus. The trigger actuator includes a pivotable rocking arm having an actuator pad in selective engagement with the drill trigger such that actuation of the handle by the user pivots the rocking arm in a manner that causes the actuator pad to engage or disengage the drill trigger when operating the drill apparatus. A knee pad may extend from the first shaft to provide the user a contact surface for applying pressure in a lateral direction in order to abut the drill apparatus to the drill surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 28, 2007
    Date of Patent: November 17, 2009
    Assignee: Backsaver 2005, LLC
    Inventor: Shannon L. Howland
  • Patent number: 7237707
    Abstract: A handle for attaching to a trigger operated hand tool, the handle including a shaft adapted so as to be attachable at one end thereof to the hand tool, a hand grip located at the other end of the shaft, and a trigger activator positioned near the hand grip capable of being operatively connected to the trigger associated with the hand tool.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 3, 2007
    Inventors: Noel Roger Wakelin, Dean Andrew Eldridge
  • Patent number: 6796388
    Abstract: This invention provides a roof bolt installation apparatus including a drill stabilizing mechanism including a base having a cylindrical bore therein, and a stabilizing rod extendable from the base and slidably located in the bore. The rod has a distal end, and a drill stabilizing end plate is mounted on the rod distal end. The roof bolt installation apparatus also includes a drilling unit which is adapted to rotatably carry a drill, the drilling unit being slidably mounted on the drill stabilizing mechanism, and a mechanism for moving the drilling unit along the drill stabilizing mechanism. The roof bolt installation apparatus also includes a drill depth control device including a base, a top adapted to engage the mine roof, and at least two bars connected between the drill depth control base and the drill depth control top. The bars pass through openings in the drill stabilizing plate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 19, 2002
    Date of Patent: September 28, 2004
    Assignee: Joy MM Delaware, Inc.
    Inventor: Phill O'Meley
  • Patent number: 6752221
    Abstract: A self-supporting pneumatic hammer positioner for effortless command and control by an operator of a pneumatic hammer. The positioner comprises a rigid elongated template having a handle at a first end portion thereof, a saddle mount for a pneumatic hammer at a second end portion thereof, and a 3-axes pivotal mount integral to an intermediate section of the elongated template. An articulated boom member is provided, having an inner end portion and an outer end portion, its inner end portion pivotally mounted to the 3-axes pivotal mount. The boom member outer end portion is pivotally mounted about a one-axis mount to a ground anchor base.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 23, 2002
    Date of Patent: June 22, 2004
    Inventor: Danny Morissette
  • Patent number: 6213223
    Abstract: An arrangement in a rock drilling apparatus comprising supports (5) directed toward the rear part of the feed, the supports being moveable by means of support cylinders (6) to support the feed during the drilling operation. The arrangement comprises a pressure detector (9), which is arranged to detect the pressure of the pressure fluid in the support cylinders (6) and to make the control unit supply more pressure fluid to the support cylinders (6) when the pressure drops below a pre-set threshold value.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 1999
    Date of Patent: April 10, 2001
    Assignee: Sandvick Tamrock Oy
    Inventor: Tapani Huhdanmäki
  • Patent number: 6112829
    Abstract: The invention relates to a rock drill air leg control system incorporated in the backhead (10) of a rock drill. The system comprises a single spool valve (22) having two manual controls (46, 53), one for setting a trust applied by an air leg to a rock drill and the other for retracting the air leg without affecting the thrust setting achieved by operation of the first control. The first manual control is in the form of a twist-grip control (53) which is arranged to set the axial position of a spring-biased valve spool (30) in the valve (22) via a pin (50) and a plunger (46). The plunger (46) also forms the second of the manual controls and can be pressed against the spring-biased valve spool (30) to vary the axial position of this spool.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 1999
    Date of Patent: September 5, 2000
    Inventor: Clive Wilfred Hunt
  • Patent number: 5322397
    Abstract: A supporting apparatus for supporting a drill in an elevated position, the drill including a drill chuck having an axis of rotation, the drill being supported by the supporting apparatus such that the axis of rotation of the drill chuck is orientated substantially vertically, the supporting apparatus including an elongated column, an actuating lever pivotally connected to the column at a pivot point and extending outward from the pivot point in two diametrically opposed directions to thereby form two lever arms, an attachment mechanism formed on a first of the two lever arms for attaching the first lever arm to a portion of the drill, a manual grip portion formed on a second of the two lever arms, a guide link pivotally connected to both the column and to the drill adjacent the drill chuck, the pivotal connection of the guide link to the column being disposed vertically above the pivot point pivotally connecting the actuating lever to the column, and an extended plate member connected to an upper portion of t
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 4, 1993
    Date of Patent: June 21, 1994
    Inventor: James C. Spear
  • Patent number: 5246313
    Abstract: An apparatus for drilling short and long holes and for fitting bolts to the short holes has a generally stationary support positioned adjacent the face and a turret angularly displaceable on the support between two end positions about a longitudinal turret axis. A drill slide longitudinally displaceable on the turret carries a drill having a rotatable stem centered on a drill axis parallel to the turret axis. A drill bit can be fitted to the stem. A bolt slide longitudinally displaceable on the turret adjacent the drill slide carries a bolting unit having a ram centered on a bolt axis. A magazine mounted on the support adjacent the turret has a plurality of seats adapted to hold the bolts and extension rods fittable between the bit and the drill stem, depending on whether the device is to be used for short-hold drilling and bolting or for long-hole drilling.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1991
    Date of Patent: September 21, 1993
    Assignee: Secoma S.A.
    Inventors: Michel Combet, Alain Buisson
  • Patent number: 4932481
    Abstract: A mining roof bolt drill feed mechanism whereby the drill is supported on a horizontal pylon extending from an elongate slot in a vertical box section inner strut. The inner strut telescopes within an outer box section strut with an aligned elongate slot, and the pylon is supported on the nut of a dual concentric worm and nut drive system located within the telescopic struts. Elastomeric seals are provided over the elongate slots to prevent the ingress of dust from the mining operation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 2, 1988
    Date of Patent: June 12, 1990
    Assignee: Joy Technologies Inc.
    Inventor: Edward Wechner
  • Patent number: 4889191
    Abstract: A gooseneck interposed between a rock drill and supporting jack leg includes an offset pivot bearing for the rock drill and an adjacent pin to facilitate initial insertion of a friction rock stabilizer into a receiving hole. Use of the gooseneck involves alignment of the jack leg and stabilizer, followed by simultaneous operation of the rock drill and jack leg to force the stabilizer into the hole while vibrating it.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 12, 1988
    Date of Patent: December 26, 1989
    Inventor: C. Lovon Fausett, Sr.
  • Patent number: 4870730
    Abstract: A tool mounting construction which includes a tool holder having a pneumatic cylinder, a piston in said cylinder for mounting a tool, pressure regulating means in communication with the cylinder for maintaining the pressure in the cylinder substantially constant regardless of the forces applied to the tool holder to thereby cause the piston to press the tool against a workpiece with a substantially constant force, an elongated rod having a first end for bearing against an external surface remote from the workpiece, and a connection between the tool holder and a second end of the rod for effecting a connection therebetween to thereby apply a force on the tool holder from the bearing relationship between the rod and the external surface. The foregoing tool mounting construction is mounted in a kit with a plurality of tubular extension rods for varying the length of the rod.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 13, 1987
    Date of Patent: October 3, 1989
    Inventor: John C. Belknap
  • Patent number: 4838362
    Abstract: Apparatus for manipulating a tool which is particularly suited for use in drilling and inserting bolts into thin seams of mine workings. The apparatus (100) comprises a reaction support member (4) to support the tool, a chuck (1) for holding the tool, mounting member (12) in which the chuck (1) is mounted, and a lever linkage (13) connected between the mounting member (12) and the support member (4). The lever linkage (13) comprises parallel chuck orienting members (5, 10) connecting the mounting member to a control member (9), said control member being adapted to manipulate the chuck orienting members and to control the orientation of the chuck. The lever linkage further comprises first and second links (14, 15) each having first and second ends. The links are pivotally attached to each other at the first ends thereof. The first link is pivotally attached at the second end thereof to the mounting member and the second link is pivotally attached at the second end thereof to the support member.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 19, 1988
    Date of Patent: June 13, 1989
    Assignee: Anderson Strathclyde plc
    Inventor: Eric A. Jackson
  • Patent number: 4818155
    Abstract: A power tool combination including a hammer drill, an adapter secured to the drill for attaching it to an elongated rod which bears on the floor, a pneumatic cylinder and piston unit mounted between the elongated rod and the drill for applying an uniform external force for moving the power drill into the ceiling, and a coupling member between the pneumatic piston and cylinder unit. The coupling member is rigid for transmitting axial forces therethrough under normal operating conditions but is capable of yielding to absorb abrupt shock forces in the event that the drill encounters an undesirable obstruction in the ceiling, the coupling member including structure for causing it to return to a normal rigid condition after the shock forces have been absorbed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 4, 1988
    Date of Patent: April 4, 1989
    Assignee: MacMuscle Co., Inc.
    Inventor: John C. Belknap
  • Patent number: 4736804
    Abstract: An adjustable drill jig for drilling holes in an overhead work surface such as a ceiling by an operator standing on the floor. The device is portable and easily moved from one work area to another by one person. It may readily be adjusted from the floor to accommodate ceilings of different heights; to vary the depth of penetration by the drill; and to control the application of power to the drill.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 9, 1986
    Date of Patent: April 12, 1988
    Inventor: Jeffrey B. Geibel
  • Patent number: 4676322
    Abstract: A supporting arrangement for a feed device for a drilling machine of a rock drilling unit (2) comprising a feed device (3) for a drilling machine (4), a cradle (5) supporting the feed device longitudinally displaceably and a supporting device (10) which is extendable in parallel with the feed device for supporting the feed device against a tunnel wall. The supporting device is supported by the cradle so that it remains stationary with respect to the cradle when the feed device is displaced.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 28, 1984
    Date of Patent: June 30, 1987
    Assignee: Oy Tampella AB
    Inventors: Pauli Rajakallio, HaLeo
  • Patent number: 4442905
    Abstract: A lightweight portable jig assembly for supporting a power drill and for advancing and retracting the drill towards and away from an overhead workpiece comprises a carriage having a first tubular portion slidable on a tube standard and a second tubular portion within which slides a second tube on which the drill is mounted. A releasable lock mechanism is cooperative relation with the carriage and tube standard prevents downward movement of the carriage on the standard while permitting upward movement of the carriage on the standard whereby the carriage may be selectively positioned on the standard simply by lifting the carriage to the proper vertical height and then released to lock same in place. Advancement and retraction of the drill towards the overhead workpiece is obtained by a manually operable lever and linkage which further is operable to effect automatic release of the releasable lock mechanism upon retraction of the drill.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 6, 1981
    Date of Patent: April 17, 1984
    Inventor: Edward E. Agoston
  • Patent number: 4402369
    Abstract: A percussive-action pneumatic tool comprising a handle-carrying frame having successively accommodated therein a shock-absorber and a housing with the percussion mechanism therein, connected through a gas distribution system to a compressed air source. The frame has a length sufficient for abutting against the surface of a material being worked and has a guide which receives the housing with the percussion mechanism. The shock-absorber includes a receptacle mounted on the frame and communicating via a controllable valve alternatively with the compressed air source and the atmosphere, a rod being mounted in this receptacle, adapted to act upon the housing with the percussion mechanism, to move the housing relatively to the frame as compressed air is supplied into the receptacle.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 26, 1981
    Date of Patent: September 6, 1983
    Assignee: Moskovskoe Vysshee Technicheskoe Uchilische
    Inventors: Jury F. Nikitin, Dmitry J. Nikitin, Nikolai A. Rykov, Igor L. Terekhov
  • Patent number: 4368873
    Abstract: A vehicular mounted pipe presser includes a pipe-pressing assembly for pressing pipe through a medium wherein the assembly is movably supported by a vehicle and positionable between surfaces which are transverse to the direction of forces employed to press the pipe. The assembly includes a frame having projectable and retractable feet for engaging the transverse surfaces to stabilize the assembly. Movably carried by the frame is a housing for receiving the pipe and a clamping mechanism which floats with the housing for clamping a portion of the pipe. Two clamp jaws of the clamping mechanism are captured within the housing and pressing forces are limited to the housing and the clamp jaws. The projection and retraction of the feet, reciprocable movement of the housing, and clamping of the pipe within the housing are each separately controllable from a stage carried on the housing by hydraulic systems.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 14, 1979
    Date of Patent: January 18, 1983
    Inventor: Robert G. Perry
  • Patent number: 4354558
    Abstract: A method of core cutting and apparatus operable on a seven conductor wireline logging cable for drilling a hole in the sidewall of a drill hole which comprises an elongted housing with a hydraulically operated backup shoe mounted within the housing for wedging the housing at a selected location in the drill hole and a hydraulic motor with a drilling bit connected thereto for rotation by the hydraulic motor. Hydraulic means are mounted within the housing and are connected to the hydraulic motor for moving the bit into drilling engagement with the sidewall of the drill hole. In one embodiment, a core cutting bit is connected to the motor for obtaining a sample of a subterranean formation at the selected location.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1979
    Date of Patent: October 19, 1982
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Indiana)
    Inventors: Alfred E. Jageler, Robert A. Broding, Lauren G. Kilmer
  • Patent number: 4290490
    Abstract: A roof drilling and bolting device comprising a mobile chassis and two cabs mounted to the front of the chassis for independent transverse (outward to the side) movement. The cabs have floors and protective canopies. Extensible hydraulic devices position the cabs outwardly of the chassis. Other extensible hydraulic devices raise and lower the cabs relative to the chassis. Mounted to the front of each cab is a drilling assembly including a rectilinear positioning device for drill pods which provides up-down and side-to-side movement of the drill pod in front of the cab. An extensible standard is positioned by a boom which extends forward of the chassis to provide a temporary roof support.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 1979
    Date of Patent: September 22, 1981
    Assignee: Schroeder Brothers Corporation
    Inventors: Henry P. Barthe, William R. Cobb
  • Patent number: 4191267
    Abstract: A drill hole in a rock body is collared by drilling a pilot hole into a tunnel, advancing the pilot drill across the tunnel to drill a hole in the opposite wall of the tunnel aligned with the pilot hole, mounting the borer head on an arbor located across the tunnel in both holes, rotating the borer head to collar the hole, and detaching the borer head from the arbor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 19, 1978
    Date of Patent: March 4, 1980
    Inventor: Michael B. Snaddon
  • Patent number: 4136579
    Abstract: A power drill attachment for exerting pressure through the drill bit onto the workpiece has a toggle linkage to provide a mechanical advantage of such sensitivity as to permit the operator to easily and quickly control the amount of pressure being exerted throughout the drilling operation. The attachment is especially adapted for use when drilling holes in door and window frames, through floor joists, studs, rafters and other building framework.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 24, 1977
    Date of Patent: January 30, 1979
    Inventors: Merle W. Robinson, Lynn M. Robinson
  • Patent number: 4098353
    Abstract: A roof drilling apparatus is provided for drilling a plurality of equally spaced holes in a mine roof. The apparatus includes a rotatable base upon which is mounted a drilling mechanism, thereby effecting a circular locus of travel to the drilling mechanism. Assuming equal angular separation between successive positions, the drilling mechanism may conveniently bore a multitude of equally distanced mine roof holes for accepting conventional roof bolts and supporting the roof without dislocative movement of the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured as a single or double unit or may be formed as an attachment to almost any conventional mining vehicle.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 14, 1976
    Date of Patent: July 4, 1978
    Assignee: United States Steel Corporation
    Inventors: Walter Hood, Joseph Subrick, Woods G. Talman
  • Patent number: 4009909
    Abstract: A boring assembly is advanced upwardly by thrust rams acting on a column guided traveling cross frame connected to the power tunneler from below by a non-rotating sectional support column. The support column is anchored to a holding table situated underground above the thrust ram while sections are being added to or removed from it. The boring assembly is driven by either a hydraulic motor housed in the cross frame, via a sectional drill stem housed within the support column, or by a hydraulic motor housed directly within the boring assembly.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 10, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 1, 1977
    Assignee: The Robbins Company
    Inventors: Richard J. Robbins, Hans A. Adami
  • Patent number: 3999616
    Abstract: A bedplate is rigidly affixed relative to the tunnel floor and includes a centrally disposed shaft extending upwardly therefrom. A rotatable base member is mounted on the bedplate for rotation about the central shaft. A boring machine adapted to bore upwardly is secured to the rotatable base member. The boring machine is swung upwardly along a selected arc of vertical circle and the base member is rotated to a selected azimuth. Following rotation, the rotatable base member is itself rigidly affixed relative to the tunnel floor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 3, 1975
    Date of Patent: December 28, 1976
    Assignee: The Robbins Company
    Inventors: Clayton H. Crane, Hans A. Adami
  • Patent number: 3951216
    Abstract: Feed frame assembly for supporting and feeding drill head which rotates drill rod about axis. Assembly includes spaced front and rear end members, laterally spaced longitudinal members and first and second hydraulic feed cylinders. Longitudinal members and feed cylinders extend between end members and are parallel to rod axis. Piston rods of feed cylinders have double-acting pistons cooperating with cylinder bodies to feed head along the piston rods. Stabilizer cylinders in longitudinal members force bearing pads against rock face to counteract the drilling forces. Head mounting means secures rigidly one side of drill head to first cylinder body, and secures releasably with latch opposite side of head to second cylinder body. When latch is released drill head can swing outwards about first piston rod, and when engaged mutual actuation of feed cylinders moves drill head along rods. With head swung out, first cylinder is hydraulically locked to divert fluid to second cylinder.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 8, 1974
    Date of Patent: April 20, 1976
    Assignee: Canadian Mine Services Ltd.
    Inventors: Richard Crawshay, John Helmut Hradil, Charles Duncan MacDonald