Abstract: A system for wirelessly monitoring well conditions includes a set of wireless transceivers placed along a drill string inside a well, each transceiver placed within at least half the maximum distance that each transceiver can transmit data, and a power generator attached to each transceiver that powers the respective transceiver, the power generator including a first material that is of one polarity and a second material that is fixed in position and is of opposite polarity of the first material, wherein the first material is propelled toward the second material based on the motion of the power generator so that the two materials have a maximized point of contact to generate maximum power. The wireless transceivers may communicate using any wireless communication technology, including but not limited to Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, and BLE.

Abstract: Sensor-enabled cutting elements for an earth-boring drilling tool may comprise a substrate base, and a cutting tip at an end of the substrate base. The cutting tip may comprise a tapered surface extending from the substrate base and tapering to an apex of the cutting tip, and a sensor coupled with the cutting tip. The sensor may be configured to obtain data relating to at least one parameter related to at least one of a drilling condition, a wellbore condition, a formation condition, and a condition of the earth-boring drilling tool. The sensor-enabled cutting elements may be included on at least one of an earth-boring drill bit, a drilling tool, a bottom-hole assembly, and a drill string.

Abstract: A method of processing borehole log data to create one or more image logs involve modelling the log data as components of an image in the form i(x, y)=l(x, y)×r(x, y) (1), in which i(x, y) is an image representative of the log data, l(x, y) denotes an illumination value of the image at two-dimensional spatial co-ordinates x, y, and r(x, y) denotes a surface reflectance value at the co-ordinates x, y. Equation (1) is transformed to a logarithmic domain, and a Fourier transform is obtained of the resulting logarithmic domain expression to obtain a Fourier domain expression. The Fourier domain expression is high-pass filtered, and an inverse Fourier transform is obtained of the resulting filtered Fourier domain expression. An exponential operation is performed on the result of inverse Fourier transform to obtain a filtered image model expression. Values of the filtered image model expression are mapped to respective color values across the range of the filtered image model expression values.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a system includes a drill string having a drill bit. The drill string extends through at least part of a well bore. The system also includes a first vibrational sensor, positioned on the drill bit to measure, at a first location on the drill string, an amplitude of one or more of an axial vibration and a lateral vibration. The system also includes a second vibrational sensor, positioned above the drill bit and on the drill string. The second vibration sensor is to measure, at a second location on the drill string, one or more of an axial vibration and a lateral vibration. The system includes a processor unit to determine a type of vibration based on a comparison of the amplitude at the first location to the amplitude at the second location, wherein the type of vibration is at least one of bit whirl of the drill bit and a while of a bottom hole assembly that is part of the drill string.

Abstract: An improved cementing tool is presented which allows for relatively easy removal and insertion of the tool through the use of non-threaded low-torque connections. The cementing tool uses a combination of threaded connections and non-threaded, low-torque connections configured to create a stack of components including plug launchers, ball launchers and plug launch indicator/counters. Use of non-threaded low-torque connections allows for breaking down the tool by hand, requiring no special torquing equipment.

Abstract: Sensor assemblies are described for measuring isotropic, anisotropic, or directionally dependent, characteristics of a subterranean formation. Sensor assemblies can include sensors deployed on a tool string. One or more of the sensors can be rotatable relative to the tool string. Rotating one or more sensors relative to the tool string can provide data about the subterranean formation at multiple points around the tool string.

Abstract: Maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, and horizontal to overburden stress ratio, are estimated using radial profiles of shear moduli. Inversion enables estimation of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses using radial profiles of three shear moduli associated with an orthogonal set of axes defined by the three principal stress directions. Differences in the far-field shear moduli are inverted together with two difference equations obtained from the radial profiles of the dipole shear moduli C44 and C55, and borehole stresses in the near-wellbore region. The horizontal to overburden stress ratio is estimated using differences in the compressional, dipole shear, and Stoneley shear slownesses at two depths in the same lithology interval where the formation exhibits azimuthal isotropy in cross-dipole dispersions, implying that horizontal stresses are nearly the same at all azimuths.

Abstract: A subsea sensor hub is for a coupling sensor element to an electrical unit. In an embodiment, he subsea sensor hub includes a first end for receiving a sensor element, a second end for receiving the electrical unit, and at least one through hole extending from the first end to the second end. Furthermore, at least one electrical connecting element is arrangeable to extend through the at least one through hole.

Abstract: An assembly for use in subsurface drilling includes a downhole probe supported in a drill string section by centralizing features of a centralizer that is slidably removable from the drill string section. The centralizer may comprise a tubular body having a bore defined through it. A bore wall of the centralizer is fluted to provide inward contact points that support the downhole probe. The downhole probe may be supported for substantially its entire length. The centralizer may optionally comprise and/or be coated with a vibration damping and/or electrically insulating material.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machine is provided with a storage unit configured to store the flow rate of a machining fluid delivered to a sealing portion in a machining tank in association with the flow rate of the machining fluid delivered to a nozzle. The flow rate of the machining fluid delivered to the nozzle is measured, and the flow rate of the machining fluid to be supplied to the sealing portion is read from the flow rate storage unit and set, based on the measured flow rate.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring operation of a motor may include initially determining a no load torque versus temperature characteristic of the motor over a range of operating temperatures. After a period of operation, a no load torque value and temperature of the motor may be determined. Motor temperature may be measured by a local thermistor or the like. Motor torque may be determined from measured motor current. The motor torque and temperature may then be compared to the initial torque versus temperature characteristic to determine a change in load of said motor due to break down of motor oil, worn bearings, or similar condition. In some embodiment, the method and system may be used with a downhole tool for drilling a well, such as a rotary steerable system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure involve a method comprising computing a true stratigraphic thickness (“TST”) index based on one or more dynamic images, one or more measurement images, or combinations thereof. Computing the TST index comprises outputting a dynamic image value channel comprising a median value on each depth of the one or more dynamic images, a dynamic normalized image value channel comprising a normalization of the dynamic image value channel, a measurement image value channel comprising a median value on each depth of the measurement image, and the TST index. The method also involves computing a decomposition channel based on the TST, extracting lamination boundaries from the dynamic image value channel based on the decomposition channel, and computing the lamination properties based on the lamination boundaries.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for measuring the gas content in drilling fluids in real time using optical computing devices. One system includes a flow path circulating a drilling fluid into and out of a borehole during drilling operations, a first optical computing device arranged at or near an outlet of the borehole and having a first integrated computational element configured to optically interact with the drilling fluid as it exits the borehole and generate a first output signal corresponding to a concentration of a gas present in the drilling fluid at the outlet of the borehole, and a signal processor communicably coupled to the first optical computing device and configured to receive the first output signal and determine the concentration of the gas present in the drilling fluid at the outlet of the borehole.

Abstract: An example method for drilling automation may comprise generating a model of a drilling system based, at least in part, on a first set of downhole measurements. The model may accept drilling parameters of the drilling system as inputs. A rate of penetration for the drilling system may be determined based, at least in part on the model. The model may be simulated using a first set of values for the drilling parameters, and a control policy for the drilling system may be calculated based, at least in part, on the rate of penetration and the results of the simulation. A control signal to the drilling system may be generated based, at least in part, on the control policy.

Abstract: A method of formation testing and a formation testing instrument are provided. The formation testing instrument includes a first pump, a dual packer module, a reverse injection module and a second pump. The dual packer module is provided with a support arm at one side thereof capable of setting after deployed; and the dual packer module is provided with first and second probes at the other side. The first probe is located above the second probe and the first and second probes can establish a channel with the formation. The second pump injects the acidizing liquid in the reverse injection module into the fluid region in the formation by the second probe; and the first pump sucks the fluid in the formation by the first probe.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods may operate to detect rugosity in a borehole. Additional activity may include generating a rugosity correction, responsive to detecting rugosity in the borehole, by finding an effective borehole diameter, consistent with the presence of rugosity, for which a simulation of a model of the borehole using the effective borehole diameter generates simulation resistivity measurements that match, within a tolerance, resistivity measurements before execution of a borehole correction algorithm. Additional activity may include applying rugosity correction by generating resistivity logs, using the effective borehole diameter, that are corrected for rugosity and borehole effect. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for presenting oilfield data to a user includes: searching a plurality of oilfield data sources for raw oilfield data; applying an algorithm as needed to the raw oilfield data; providing a quality control check on the oilfield data; deleting any oilfield data that does not pass the quality control check; tagging oilfield data that passes the quality control check with one or more searchable identifiers; storing any oilfield data that passes the quality control check and associated one or more identifiers in a storage medium; receiving a request for specified oilfield data from a user; searching identifiers in the storage medium to identify the specified oilfield data; and sending the identified specified oilfield data in the storage medium to the user. The method may also include planning an oilfield action using the specified oilfield data and implementing the planned oilfield action using oilfield equipment.

Abstract: A management server is coupled to a plurality of rig systems by a network, each of the rig systems having a plurality of sensors, a rig and a rig node. The management server stores data received from at least one of the plurality of rig systems, the data including values associated with one or more attributes of the rig. The management server derives a model signature for at least one phase from a timeline for at least one rig system based on analytics of information stored in the database and the data, where the model signature includes a set of attributes for the at least one of the plurality of rig systems. In addition, the management server generates a recommendation including one or more actions for planning rig system management operations corresponding to at least one attribute of the set of attributes.

Abstract: A method for using a downhole probe. The method comprises providing a probe, at least one vertical cross section of the probe having an area of at least pi inches squared. The method further comprises inserting the probe into a bore of a drill collar and passing a drilling fluid through the bore of drill collar at a flow velocity of less than 41 feet per second.

Abstract: A downhole closed loop method for controlling a curvature of a subterranean wellbore while drilling includes drilling the subterranean wellbore using a drilling tool. A set point curvature is received at a downhole controller. Sequential attitude measurements made at a single axial location on the drilling tool and a rate of penetration of drilling are processed to compute a curvature of the wellbore being drilled. The drilling direction is adjusted such that the computed curvature is substantially equal to the set point curvature.

Abstract: A telemetry method transmits data by MP telemetry to a telemetry relay system which retransmits the data by EM telemetry. The method avoids the need to incorporate MP telemetry pressure transducers into rig equipment and permits telemetry from regions unfavorable for EM telemetry because of depth and/or characteristics surrounding formations.

Abstract: A technique facilitates monitoring of strain related effects along a tubing string, such as a tubing string extending from surface equipment toward a sea floor in a subsea well application. A monitoring module is employed to monitor the strain related effects and may have a tubular structure. The monitoring module also has a reduced wall thickness region constructed to concentrate strain in this reduced wall thickness region. Additionally, the monitoring module comprises at least one sensor mounted to the tubular structure in the reduced wall thickness region for monitoring of strains.

Abstract: Stable back pressure control devices are used to control fluid pressure in a wellbore to provide constant downhole pressure. Back pressure may be estimated from a correlation between the speed of a mud pump and the pressure exerted from the pump. Drilling plans disclosed herein provide for the continued operation of one or more back pressure control devices for providing constant bottomhole pressure when casing connections are being made.

Abstract: Methods and systems output at least one drill string whirl attribute, such as magnitude, orientation, velocity and type, without requiring determination of whirl frequency. Transforming acceleration data into drill string motions provides a path of one point along the drill string. Fitting these motions throughout one complete revolution of the drill string to a revolution ellipse, for example, provides revolution ellipse centers defining centers of rotation for each revolution fitted. A whirl ellipse, for example, derives from another fitting using a plurality of the revolution ellipse centers. Coefficients from the whirl ellipse and/or vector direction of the centers provide at least one whirl attribute for output.

Abstract: A downhole system usable with a well string is provided that can include a first resonator positioned on the well string. The system can also include a second resonator positioned to couple with the first resonator by an evanescent field. The second resonator can include a load. Further, the system can include a metamaterial positioned between the first resonator and the second resonator for amplifying or extending a range of the evanescent field.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes drilling a wellbore in a formation with a drilling tool. The method further includes receiving electromagnetic radiation using an opto-analytical device coupled to the drilling tool. The method also includes detecting a temperature associated with drilling the wellbore based on the received electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The method and system for determining position with improved calibration allows a device to initiate activity at the proper location, such as navigating a drill bit through a rock formation. A pair of position sensors in opposite orientations generates position data signals. A temperature sensor detects temperature and duration of the temperature. An adjusted plastic bias value is determined by a processor module based on the temperature data signal, the duration of the temperature, and the position data signals so as to account for bias and hysteresis errors and error correction based on the opposing orientations of the pair of position sensors. A position value is set according to the adjusted plastic bias value so that the position value is more accurate. The activity of the terminal device is initiated or maintained according to the position value calibrated by the adjusted plastic bias value.

Abstract: A clearing or unjamming process utilizes bidirectional agitation and non-deterministic behavior to clear debris that is jamming a downhole rotary tool. In accordance to at least one embodiment the clearing or unjamming process uses irregular oscillation of the jamming debris which may be produced by varying pause times in a bidirectional movement of the rotor. In some embodiments the rate of acceleration and deceleration of the rotor is maintained constant during the unjamming process.

Abstract: An example method for making downhole measurements may include positioning a tool with a conformable sensor within a pipe in a borehole in a subterranean formation, and generating a first electromagnetic signal using at least one of a plurality of transmitters of the conformable sensor. A first response to the first electromagnetic signal may be measured using at least one of a plurality of receivers of the conformable sensor. At least one of a scale parameter, a pipe parameter, and a stand-off distance between the conformable sensor and the pipe may be determined using the first response.

Abstract: Wind turbine consisting of an anchoring to the ground or to a base and a mast, the natural oscillation frequency of which is purposely adjusted to the frequency of appearance of the air vortices or eddies produced after the collision of a laminar and stationary airflow against the surface thereof. The aeroelastic energy thus absorbed is converted into electrical energy due to the use of materials with high electromechanical coupling.

Abstract: An assembly for use in subsurface drilling includes a downhole probe supported by a locking mechanism with a bore of a drill string section. The probe comprises a first spider and a second spider at the uphole and downhole sections of the probe. The locking mechanism secures the probes in the bore against axial and rotational movement relative the drill string section.

Abstract: An in-situ and on-line acoustic measuring system for natural gas flux at the hydrocarbon seeps at a seafloor includes a seepage tent and a flow measuring channel. The flow measuring channel includes a lower bubble breaking channel, an ultrasonic transducer measuring channel and an upper bubble breaking channel. The lower bubble breaking channel communicates with the seepage tent provided with bubble breaking grids. Lower and upper bubble breaking devices, arranged in a bubble rising direction, are respectively mounted in the lower and upper bubble breaking channels. One side of the ultrasonic transducer measuring channel is fixedly connected with an acoustic wave demultiplexer, and the other side is fixedly connected with flat receiving transducers receiving transmitting acoustic waves generated by an acoustic wave branching unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) using fiber optics with increased acoustic sensitivity are provided. Acoustic sensing of a wellbore, pipeline, or other conduit/tube based on DAS may have increased acoustic sensitivity through fiber optic cable design and/or increasing the Rayleigh backscatter property of a fiber's optical core. Some embodiments may utilize a resonant sensor mechanism with a high Q coupled to the DAS device for increased acoustic sensitivity.

Abstract: Drilling system and methods may employ a weight-on-bit optimization for an existing drilling mode and, upon transitioning to a different drilling mode, determine an initial weight-on-bit within a range derived from: a sinusoidal buckling ratio, a helical buckling ratio, and the weight-on-bit value for the prior drilling mode. The sinusoidal buckling ratio is the ratio of a minimum weight-on-bit to induce sinusoidal buckling in a sliding mode to a minimum weight-on-bit to induce sinusoidal buckling in a rotating mode, and the helical buckling ratio is the ratio of a minimum weight-on-bit to induce helical buckling in the sliding mode to a minimum weight-on-bit to induce helical buckling in the rotating mode. The ratios are a function of the length of the drill string and hence vary with the position of the drill bit along the borehole.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a downhole tool to a surface location includes running a downhole tool into a wellbore. The downhole tool includes a pressure sensor. An annulus pressure in the wellbore is measured at a first time, using the pressure sensor, to produce a first pressure measurement. The first pressure measurement is compressed to produce a reference sample. The reference sample is transmitted to the surface location. The annulus pressure in the wellbore is measured at a second time, using the pressure sensor, to produce a second pressure measurement. A difference between the first pressure measurement and the second pressure measurement is determined to produce a first delta pressure measurement. The first delta pressure measurement is compressed to produce a first compressed delta pressure measurement. The first compressed delta pressure measurement is transmitted to the surface location.

Abstract: A pressure measurement apparatus for a downhole measurement-while-drilling tool comprises a feed through connector and a pressure transducer. The feed through connector comprises a body with opposing first and second ends, at least one electrical interconnection extending axially through the body and out of both ends, and a pressure transducer receptacle in the first end and a communications bore extending from the receptacle to the second end. The pressure transducer is seated in the receptacle such that a pressure at the first end can be measured, and comprises at least one electrical contact that extends from the pressure transducer through the communication bore and out of the second end. The pressure transducer can take pressure measurements for predicting wear of a primary seal in a motor subassembly of the tool, detect a pressure-related battery failure event, and control operation of a dual pulse height fluid pressure pulse generator.

Abstract: A message to be sent from a downhole tool in a wellbore is modulated into a data uplink signal of pressure variations in the drill string. The pressure variations are generated by varying the torque on the rotor of the generator by varying the electric load on the generator. The pressure variation sequence of the data uplink signal may be selected from a look up table of known sequences. The message may be received by a surface receiver using one or more pressure sensors. The message may be demodulated from the detected pressure data using digital and analog signal processing. The frequency of the data uplink signal may be selected based in part on detected noise in the wellbore. The data uplink signal may be modulated using a spread spectrum protocol.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power isolation adapter which can enable the use of multiple power sources in a bottom hole assembly (BHA) by isolating the power sources on a tool bus while maintaining a communication bus across the BHA. Such power sources may be part of a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) module, such as a mud turbine generator, providing power as a DC signal. The power isolation adapter isolates the power sources by blocking DC signals, but maintains an AC communication bus across the BHA. The ability to use multiple power sources in a BHA thus allows for more complex BHA configurations that normally could not be powered using a single power source.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting leaks from a gas pipeline or storage system includes a light source configured to emit a beam with at least one spectral component capable of interacting with pipeline gas, a reflector configured to reflect a portion of the beam, an optical detector configured to detect the reflected beam, a signal processing module coupled to the output of the optical detector configured to analyze the detected beam and output a measured concentration value that characterizes the amount of target gas in the beam path, and a statistical processing module coupled to the signal processing module configured to store and analyze the measured concentration value. The statistical processing module is further configured to compute a value based on statistical information associated with the stored plurality of concentration values and compare the computed value to a first predetermined threshold, and transmit a first alarm signal if the computed value is greater than the first predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for selecting at least one drill bit that includes characterizing an application; checking for at least one drill bit with an equivalent characterization in a data store; when the at least one drill bit with the equivalent characterization exists, selecting the at least one drill bit with the equivalent characterization; and when the at least one drill bit with the equivalent characterization does not exist, recommending at least one drill bit, making an analysis request, analyzing the at least one recommended drill bit based on the analysis request, generating analysis results, and selecting at least one drill bit based on the analysis results is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for drill pipe tallying includes detecting that a drill bit (14) has tripped in through a rig floor and monitoring movement of a drawworks (6) that supports the drill bit and a length of drill pipe. If a tag interrogating device does not detect a wireless tag (26) associated with a set of slips, the method includes counting the movement of the drawworks toward a drill pipe tally. If a tag interrogating device detects a wireless tag associated with a set of slips, the method includes not counting the movement of the drawworks toward the drill pipe tally. The tag interrogating device is positioned at a fixed location relative to the rig floor.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for sampling water in a borehole and a method thereof. The apparatus includes a water sampling cylinder to sample the water in the borehole; a first camera to monitor the water sampling cylinder and a sample discharging part provided in the borehole; a first motor to insert the water sampling cylinder into the sample discharging part; a vacuum vessel to receive a sample input from the water sampling cylinder; a waterproof member having a hole serving as a passage through which the water sampling cylinder moves back and forth; and a supporting member that urges the waterproof member closely to the sample discharging part to prevent foreign substances from being introduced into the borehole. The first motor includes a plurality of protrusions meshed with a plurality of grooves provided in the water sampling cylinder.

Abstract: The method and system for determining position with improved calibration allows a device to initiate activity at the proper location, such as navigating a drill bit through a rock formation. A position sensor having an oscillation element with a range of displacement in a set direction according to gravity generates a position data signal based on an amount of displacement in the set direction. A temperature sensor detects temperature and duration of the temperature. A plastic bias value is determined by a processor module based on the temperature data signal, the duration of the temperature, and the position data signal so as to account for bias and hysteresis errors. A position value is set according to the plastic bias value so that the position value is more accurate. The activity of the terminal device is initiated or maintained according to the position value calibrated by the plastic bias value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor tasks in a process system enterprise are disclosed. In one example, a method is disclosed that comprises analyzing, using a processor, tasks in an enterprise to determine a criticality of each task and an actionability of each task, ordering, using the processor, the tasks based on the criticality and the actionability of each of the tasks, and rendering, via a display, a first graphic representative of at least a portion of the ordered tasks.

Abstract: A system includes a transmitter for use in conjunction with a horizontal directional drilling system that transmits a multi-bit symbol stream that characterizes sensor symbols for receipt by an aboveground portable device. The portable device receives the symbol stream for aboveground recovery of the sensor signals. The transmitter can precisely place the symbol frequencies at least to avoid a noise environment, as well as to avoid powerline harmonics, and can utilize wave shaping for transmitted symbols at least to provide for transmission power control, spectral content control and wideband antenna matching. The receiver can measure the noise environment to identify the symbol frequencies used by the transmitter. The noise can be scanned at an incremental resolution across a wide frequency bandwidth for display or automatic symbol frequency selection.

Abstract: An example calibration method for a galvanic tool may include determining an internal coupling impedance between at least two electrodes of the galvanic tool, and inputting the determined internal coupling impedances into an equation used to evaluate the response of the tool. Voltage and current measurements may be generated from the galvanic tool using a calibration device. A leakage current value through at least one of the two electrodes may be determined based, at least in part, on the voltage and current measurements and the equation. The leakage current may be stored.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing. The housing includes a concentrator and a plurality of signal acquisition devices. Each signal acquisition device is coupled to a respective sensor. Each sensor measures an environmental parameter outside the housing. Each signal acquisition device includes an acoustic transducer. Each signal acquisition device includes a controller to accept measurements from the respective sensor, process the measurements and format them into a transmittable form, and transmit the formatted measurements via the acoustic transducer. A concentrator includes an acoustic transducer to receive acoustic transmissions from the plurality of signal acquisition devices, a processor to process the received acoustic transmissions, and a telemetry device through which the processor can transmit the processed transmissions.

Abstract: Expandable reamers may include a housing and at least one blade supported by the housing. The at least one blade may be movable between an extended position and a retracted position. The at least one blade may be in the retracted position when a first actuation member is in a first longitudinal position and a second actuation member sleeve is affixed to the first actuation member. The at least one blade may be movable to the extended position when the first actuation member is in a second longitudinal position and the second actuation member is affixed to the first actuation member. The at least one blade may be in the retracted position when the first actuation member is in the second longitudinal position and the second actuation member obstructs an opening in a sidewall of the first actuation member.

Abstract: A method of and a device for computer controlled determination of operational parameters of a computational model of borehole equipment for drilling a borehole in an earth formation are described. The borehole equipment has a rotational drive system, a drill string having a bottom hole assembly and a top end coupled to the rotational drive system, and a speed controller for controlling rotational drive speed of the drive system. The drive system is controlled such that a torque provided by the drive system while driving the drill string is varied over a time period. From the varying torque and rotational top end drive speed of the drill string an estimated torque-speed transfer function is obtained and matched with a torque-speed transfer function computed from the computational model of the borehole equipment. The operational parameters are determined from the matched estimated torque-speed transfer function and the computed torque-speed transfer function.

Abstract: A method enables communication with downhole tools during a “flow off” condition by energizing at least one sensor and a controller using a local power source only after flow of drilling fluid has been reduced below the threshold flow rate value. Thereafter, the method involves generating the at least one predetermined pattern into the wellbore, detecting the at least one predetermined pattern using the at least one sensor and the controller, and transmitting a signal using the controller in response to the detected at least one predetermined pattern.