Abstract: Embodiments of methods and systems for analysis of geological structures using seismic attributes are described. In some embodiments, a method includes computing a similarity function using one or more seismic attributes at a location within the geological structure along an I direction and a J direction; computing a total optimal similarity function in at least one plane defined by the I and J directions; computing a minimum possible value of the total similarity function for a defined range of rotations; and calculating a discontinuity measure based at least partially on the minimum possible value of the total similarity function.

Abstract: Components, such as a cutting element for an earth-boring drilling tool include an ultrasonic transducer coupled therewith, and configured to transmit an acoustic signal therethrough, and transmit a data signal to a data acquisition unit in response to receiving a returning echo of the acoustic signals. An earth-boring drilling tool, comprises a bit body including a plurality of components, an ultrasonic transducer, and a data acquisition unit operably coupled with the ultrasonic transducer. The data acquisition unit may be configured to receive the data signal and determine a temperature distribution of the component based, at least in part, on a time-of-flight of the acoustic signals and the returning echoes. Methods for forming such components and measuring a temperature of such components may relate to coupling and implementing such an ultrasonic transducer with a component of an earth-boring drilling tool.

Abstract: A method of drilling a wellbore can include drilling the wellbore with a continuous tubing drill string, and sensing at least one parameter with an optical waveguide in the drill string. A well system can include a continuous tubing drill string, and an optical waveguide in the drill string. The optical waveguide may sense at least one parameter distributed along the drill string.

Abstract: Collecting temperature data at a plurality of locations along a wellbore, performing thermo-mechanical simulations of a drill string in response to mud circulation wherein the drill string comprises a tool string suspended in the wellbore from a pipe string, determining changes in length of the pipe string due to temperature changes, positionally fixing the tool string at one of the locations, and adjusting the length of the pipe string based on the determined change in length of the pipe string. Positionally fixing the tool string may comprise lowering the drill string a side entry sub of the drill string is proximate a top end of the wellbore wherein the side entry sub is configured to allow a wireline cable to enter a bore of the drill string, positioning the side entry sub above a blow-out-preventer, and closing the blow-out-preventer around the drill string below the side entry sub.

Abstract: An influx of gas into a borehole can be detected by deploying a string of acoustic sensors along a drill string or other conduit to monitor an acoustic characteristic, such as velocity or attenuation, of the drilling fluid present in the borehole. In response to detection of acoustic pulses propagating in the drilling fluid, the acoustic sensors generate signals that are representative of acoustic characteristics if the drilling fluid. Based on the generated signals, a data acquisition system can determine whether a change in the monitored acoustic characteristic is indicative of a gas influx.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a system, method, and tool for logging while pulling. The disclosed system includes a tool and a bottom hole assembly, and the tool engages with the bottom hole assembly. The tool includes an elongated body, a retarder positioned on the elongated body, and a locking ring positioned on the elongated body. The retarder has at least one point of contact with an interior surface of a drill pipe. The disclosed method includes assembling the tool, providing a landing ring on a bottom hole assembly, free dropping the tool to the bottom hole assembly, and engaging the landing ring of the bottom hole assembly with the locking ring of the tool so that a portion of the tool extends below the bottom hole assembly.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a drill bit assembly has a body intermediate a shank and a working face. The working face has at least one cutting element. The drill bit also has a jack element with a distal end substantially protruding from the working face and at least one downhole material driven transducer in communication with the jack element.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods for forming the apparatus, and methods for operating the apparatus provide a value for a formation property or a borehole property from measurements obtained in a well. The value may be generated from determining a weighted average of the value for the formation property or the borehole property using both values corresponding to different azimuths and weights corresponding to different azimuths.

Abstract: The disclosure, in one aspect, provides a method of drilling a wellbore that includes features of drilling the wellbore using a drilling assembly that includes a drill bit that further includes a weight sensor and a torque sensor, determining weight-on-bit using measurements from the weight sensor and torque-on-bit using measurement from the torque sensor during drilling of the wellbore, obtaining measurements for rotational speed of the drill bit and rate of penetration of the drill bit during drilling of the wellbore, determining mechanical specific energy of the bottomhole assembly using the determined weight-on-bit, torque-on-bit and obtained rotational speed of the drill bit and the obtained rate of penetration of the drill bit, and altering a drilling a parameter in response to the determined mechanical specific energy.

Abstract: Earth formations are characterized by using an array of electrodes which can measure streaming potentials in the formation, and by interpreting the data obtained by the electrodes. The electrodes are placed on a wireline tool, a LWD tool, or in a fixed manner about a completed wellbore. The measured streaming potentials are generated by drilling with an overbearing pressure, slitting the mudcake in a borehole, acid injection, or any of various other manners which causes fluid movement. The data obtained is interpreted to locate fractures, measure formation permeability, estimate formation pressure, monitor drilling fluid loss, detect abnormal pressure, etc. Particularly, a streaming potential voltage transient having a double peak profile signifies the presence of a formation fracture.

Abstract: Methods for making calibrated microresistivity logging measurements in nonconductive drilling fluid are disclosed. A calibrated measurement parameter (e.g., a calibrated electrical impedance or a calibrated potential difference) is obtained and further utilized to compute a formation resistivity. The methods tend to be particularly well suited for drilling applications in which the borehole environment is highly resistive (i.e., boreholes in which both the drilling fluid and the formation have a high resistivity).

Abstract: A boring element of a ground boring device includes a housing having a receptacle, a transmitter arranged in the receptacle of the housing and supported in the receptacle for movement in a longitudinal-axial direction of the boring element, and a front buffer connecting the transmitter with the housing. The transmitter moves towards a rear in the receptacle as a result of a deformation of the front buffer, when a rear percussive impulse is applied to the boring element, without the transmitter coming directly into contact with another part of the boring element.

Abstract: A methane content of a bottom sample comprising methane hydrate crystals is determined by:—taking a core sample (5) from a bottom sediment (3) in a deepwater area;—storing the core sample (5) in a storage chamber (4);—lifting the storage chamber (4) to a predetermined waterdepth (BGHZ=Base of Gas Hydrate stability Zone) at which any methane hydrate crystals in the core sample (5) dissociate into water and methane; and—measuring an amount of methane released by the lifted core sample (5).

Abstract: A method of maintaining a desired downhole pressure during a drilling operation can include measuring a parameter with a sensor, communicating actual parameter values from the sensor to a predictive device, training the predictive device to output predicted parameter values in response to input of the actual parameter values, and outputting the predicted parameter values from the predictive device when the predictive device ceases receiving the actual parameter values. A well drilling system can include a predictive device which outputs predicted parameter values in response to input of actual parameter values to the predictive device. The predictive device continues to output the predicted parameter values, even when the predictive device fails to receive valid actual parameter values. Another well drilling system includes a data validator which communicates valid actual parameter values to the predictive device, but does not communicate invalid actual parameter values to the predictive device.

Abstract: The invention is a method of constructing a three-dimensional fracture density log of a porous formation traversed by fractures and a borehole. A number N of intersections between the fractures and the borehole is measured over a section of the borehole of length L located at a depth d, from observations of the wall of this section. A conditional probability law of the three-dimensional fracture density is then estimated, knowing the number N of intersections. The value of the three-dimensional fracture density at depth d is determined by calculating the mean of this conditional probability law. Finally, the three-dimensional fracture density log is constructed by repeating the previous stages for different depths. A three-dimensional fracture density uncertainty log can also be associated by calculating quantiles of the conditional probability law.

Abstract: Method for determining a property of a formation material in the course of a jet drilling operation, wherein a fluid jet is blasted with erosive power into impingement with the formation material, the method comprising postulating a relationship between the erosive power and a removal rate of formation material as a result of the impingement of the fluid jet with the erosive power on said formation material, the relationship comprising a parameter related to at least one property of the formation material; determining removal rates of formation material for at least two settings of erosive power; and determining the at least one property of the formation material from the relationship and the determined removal rates in dependence on erosive power.

Abstract: A measurement method for a granular compaction pile 10 using a crosshole seismic test. The measurement method includes forming first to fifth measurement holes around the granular compaction pile, injecting grouting material into the first to fifth measurement holes and inserting casings into the first to fifth measurement holes, respectively, and installing an oscillator and a detector of a crosshole seismic tester in the first to fifth holes and detecting a velocity of a shearing wave, thereby measuring a diameter of the granular compaction pile according to a construction depth thereof. The shape and the diameter of the granular compaction pile are easily checked without causing damage to the granular compaction pile.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a position of a component in an earth formation is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a transmitter configured to emit a first magnetic field into the earth formation and induce an electric current in the component, the transmitter having a first magnetic dipole extending in a first direction; and a receiver for detecting a second magnetic field generated by the component in response to the first magnetic field, the receiver having a second magnetic dipole extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. A method and computer program product for detecting a position of a component in an earth formation is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for accurately determining a pore pressure of a subsurface formation (20) penetrated by a wellbore (40). The systems and methods provide for measuring pressure and temperature at a measuring location proximal to the wellbore for a predetermined amount of time, storing the measurements, communicating the measurements and processing the pore pressure from the pressure and temperature measurements. The measuring location may be a location in a channel (50) drilled from the wellbore into the formation.

Abstract: A technique for improving the capability of measuring gas losses at the rig surface area uses a predetermined quantity of a preselected gas injected into the drilling fluid used in the drilling rig, which is then detected and compared to measure the gas loss. Various embodiments may use special-purpose gases. Other embodiments may use air or components of air, such as nitrogen or oxygen, as the gas to be detected and measured.

Abstract: A method for reducing temperature of a bottomhole assembly during a drilling operation is disclosed, that, in one aspect, may include: drilling a borehole using a drillstring including a bottomhole assembly by circulating a fluid through the drillstring and an annulus between the drillstring and the borehole, pausing drilling, continuing circulating the fluid through the dill string and the annulus. The method further includes diverting a portion of the fluid from the drillstring into the annulus at a selected location above the drill bit to reduce temperature of the bottomhole assembly.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium including program instructions for collaring a borehole. When the program instructions are executed by one or more processors of a computer system operatively associated with a drill rig, the program instructions cause the one or more processors to carry out the steps of performing a first phase collaring operation from a surface start to a point at which a drill bit reaches a dynamically determined collaring depth or a maximum collaring depth, and performing a second phase collaring operation to form a hole collar. The second phase collaring operation includes the steps of retracting the drill bit until the drill bit is above the surface, and activating a water injection system during the retracting of the drill bit.

Abstract: A system for drilling a borehole according includes a drill rig and a control system. The control system receives information from the drill rig that relates to at least one drill parameter. The control system processes information relating to the drill parameter, determines whether the drill parameter is within a predetermined specification for the monitored drill parameter, chooses a hole defect mitigation routine based on the monitored drill parameter when the monitored drill parameter is outside the predetermined specification, and controls the drill rig to implement the chosen hole defect mitigation routine.

Abstract: An enclosure for housing a transducer and electronics for disposal on a downhole tool. A transducer is disposed at an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the enclosure, wherein the enclosure contains a fluid surrounding the transducer. Enclosures also include transducers linked to motor means for selective rotation of the transducers within the enclosure. Enclosures with transducer arrays for phased or targeted signal transmission/detection.

Abstract: A gas analysis system for determining the gas content of subterranean strata. A boring operation is commenced to form a borehole into or through a subterranean formation, such as a coal or shale formation to determine the gas content thereof. The drill fluid, cuttings and any desorbed gas is carried from the downhole location to surface analysing equipment in a closed system, so that the desorbed gases are not exposed to the air. The drill stem is capped or sealed at the surface, as well as the wellbore annulus to effectively seal the drill liquid, cuttings and desorbed gasses. The drill fluid, cuttings and desorbed gasses from the formation are coupled from the wellhead apparatus to the gas processing equipment via a closed system so that the constituents and volume of the gas can be determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus used to transmit information to the surface from a subsurface location during the process of drilling a bore hole is described. A novel pressure pulse generator or “pulser” is coupled to a sensor package, a controller and a battery power source all of which reside inside a short section of drill pipe close to the bit at the bottom of the bore hole being drilled. The assembled apparatus or “MWD Tool” can be commanded from the surface to make a measurement of desired parameters and transmit this information to the surface by encoding data in pressure pulses generated by a pulser valve that includes a stator and a rotor which may be open and closed to create pressure pulses.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a method for tool string communication comprises the steps of providing a downhole tool string with at least two downhole LWD/MWD instruments in electrical communication with a downhole telemetry system. The instruments are capable of generating at least one data packet assigned a priority. The tool string is deployed in a wellbore and then the priority of the data packet is changed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of characterizing elastic properties of a subsurface formation at various fluid saturation conditions is disclosed.

Abstract: A drill bit having a bit body includes one or more acoustic sensors that are configured to detect elastic waves when the drill bit is used for drilling a wellbore. The acoustic sensor may be configured to detect a sonic signature associated with a failure event. In further arrangements, the acoustic sensors may be configured to receive signals from a controlled acoustic source.

Abstract: An improved energy efficient intelligent pulser driver used for generating a mud pulse in a MWD (measurement while drilling) application. In the pulser driver, a direct current (DC) powered control circuit activates a three-phase DC brushless motor that operates a servo-valve. Opening of the servo-valve equalizes pressure in a plenum causing the operation of a main valve reducing flow area and causing a pressure spike in the mud column. Closing of the servo-valve creates a reduction in mud pressure that operates the main valve and increases the flow area causing an end to the pressure spike. The servo-valve is powered both in opening and closing operations by the motor.

Abstract: A seismic tool assembly for effecting a drill hole and enlarging a lowermost end thereof whereby an anchor can be set more securely therein. A drill bit is inserted through an opening in a cap portion, which is mounted on a stabilizer mounted within at least a portion of the drill hole. The bit is then inserted through each of the cap portion and the stabilizer to attain a drilling position. The bit possesses extra cutting tips on an upper end thereof, with a view to widening the upper end of a drill hole so that a wider flange can be inserted therein, so as to further stabilize and support the stabilizer when limited tilting movement of the bit within the stabilizer is performed during the drilling process.

Abstract: A rotary steerable drilling system comprises a rotatable housing having a plurality of steering actuators mounted thereon and movable, individually, between retracted and extended positions, the actuators being electrically controlled, and a battery arranged to supply electrical power to the actuators.

Abstract: The level of hydrogen sulfide in drilling fluid within a well formed in the Earth is assessed in an ongoing and/or in situ manner. The well may be constructed for the removal of hydrocarbons from the Earth. The assessment of hydrogen sulfide level may be provided in an ongoing manner such that real time, or near real time, fluctuations in hydrogen sulfide levels in the drilling fluid within the well may be conveyed to users. This may provide various advantages over systems in which drilling fluid must be extracted and separately tested for hydrogen sulfide content, and/or in which assessments of hydrogen sulfide level require time for performance.

Abstract: The level of hydrogen sulfide in drilling fluid within a well formed in the Earth is assessed in an ongoing and/or in situ manner. The well may be constructed for the removal of hydrocarbons from the Earth. The assessment of hydrogen sulfide level may be provided in an ongoing manner such that real time, or near real time, fluctuations in hydrogen sulfide levels in the drilling fluid within the well may be conveyed to users. This may provide various advantages over systems in which drilling fluid must be extracted and separately tested for hydrogen sulfide content, and/or in which assessments of hydrogen sulfide level require time for performance.

Abstract: A technique physically amplifies strain to facilitate measurement of strain/displacement. A strain amplifying mechanism is mounted to a component being monitored for strain and comprises an input port and an output port. The strain amplifying mechanism is attached to the component such that the input port moves when the component undergoes strain. Movement of the input port causes movement of the output port over a distance greater than the physical movement of the input port. A strain sensor is coupled to the output port to detect its movement over the greater distance.

Abstract: Methods and associated tools and components related to generating and obtaining performance data during drilling operations of a subterranean formation is disclosed. Performance data may include thermal and mechanical information related to earth-boring drilling tool during a drilling operation are disclosed. For example, a cutter of an earth-boring drilling tool may include a substrate with a cutting surface thereon. The cutter may further include at least one diamond sensor coupled with the cutting surface, and a conductive pathway operably coupled with the at least one diamond sensor. The at least one diamond sensor may be configured to generate a piezoelectric signal in response to an applied stimulus.

Abstract: In an aspect, a drilling apparatus is provided, wherein the apparatus includes a drill string to be disposed in a borehole. The drill string includes a tubular, a borehole assembly coupled to the tubular and a drill bit disposed at an end of the borehole assembly. Further, the apparatus includes a strain gauge directly deposited on the drill string.

Abstract: A formation tester seal pad includes a support member and a deformable seal pad element including an outer sealing surface having a plurality of raised portions and adjacent spaces. In some embodiments, the raised portions are deformable into the adjacent spaces in response to a compressive load on the outer sealing surface. In some embodiments, the support member includes an inner raised edge and an outer raised edge to capture the deformable seal pad element. In some embodiments, a deformable seal pad element includes a volume of seal pad material above a support member outer profile and a volume of space below the outer profile. In some embodiments, the space volume receives a portion of the seal pad volume in response to a compressive load.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating one or more formation properties using in-situ measurements conducted at or near a coring location include a coring tool adapted to cut a core sample in a formation, a member having a distal end that engages a borehole wall substantially adjacent the core sample, and a drive device that engages the member to the borehole wall with a force sufficient to estimate formation strength.

Abstract: A drill-bit seismic method where the seismic receivers are located in the BHA. The data detected by these receivers is processed by a downhole processing unit in order to estimate the interval velocity of the seismic wave between the sensors and between the bit and a sensor. Additionally, the processed data might provide the distance to a seismic reflector close to the borehole and the average seismic velocity between the well and this reflector. The processed data can be transmitted to surface location by mud-pulse telemetry. The pilot signal can be also used to process seismic data recorded by receivers located at the earth surface (or close to it).

Abstract: An anti-stall tool in an oil well drilling assembly that controls reciprocation of the drill bit by an electrical controller that alters weight-on-bit (WOB) depending upon measured downhole pressure or torque at the downhole motor. The electrical controller receives preset high and low working pressure limits for the downhole motor and activates a hydraulic valve system to keep the drill bit rotating by maintaining WOB during normal drilling operations, increasing WOB if sensed working pressure indicates that drill bit loading or torque is undesirably low, and reversing WOB by retracting the drill bit if excessive working pressure or torque is sensed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting a pair of opposing breakouts in a borehole penetrating an earth formation. The method includes: conveying a downhole tool configured to perform measurements of a property of the earth formation; producing an image of the earth formation from the measurements, the image comprising a plurality of sectors; dividing the sectors into radial segments, each segment corresponding to an opposite segment; rotating the segments at least one sector at a time until a specified angle is achieved; calculating an average value for the measurements associated with each segment for each rotation of the segments; stacking the average values for opposing segments to produce stack values; determining a maximum or minimum stack value; determining if the maximum or minimum stack value exceeds a threshold value; and detecting the first breakout and the second breakout if the maximum or minimum stack value exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus for conveying a tool while drilling a wellbore is provided. The apparatus includes a line coupled to the tool, a conveying assembly coupled to the line, the conveying assembly located at a surface and configured to release the line to convey the tool into the drill string and a sub including a passage for the line to pass therethrough. The apparatus also includes a measuring device configured to determine a position of the tool within the drill string by determining a length of the line that is conveyed along with the tool into the drill string.

Abstract: In an aspect, an apparatus may include a chamber configured to receive a core at a receiving end of the chamber and a cutting device configured to cut the core at a location distal from the receiving end of the core chamber. In aspects, a method may include drilling into the formation to retrieve a core, receiving the core into a chamber at an open end of a chamber, and cutting the core uphole of the open end of the chamber so as to continue to receive the core into the chamber as the drilling continues.

Abstract: A system and method for downhole measurement for use with drill strings to reduce the borehole gap with respect to sensors carried by the drill string. In one embodiment, the sensors are mounted on a surface of the directional drilling hinged pad that comes in contact with the borehole wall. The hinged pad is pressed against the borehole wall as contact is made with the wall, thereby keeping the sensors at a minimum gap with respect to the wall. In another embodiment, the hinged pad is not used for directional drilling. Therefore the hinged pad is extended outward to the wall with the minimum necessary amount of force. Activation of the hinged pad can be initiated, for example, by flow of mud in the annulus of the string or through a user-provided command. The sensors can include resistivity, density, neutron, electromagnetic, acoustic, seismic, and NMR measurement sensors.

Abstract: A drill bit assembly having an electrically isolated gap joint for electromagnetic telemetry comprises a drill bit, a pin body, an electrically insulating gap joint therebetween, and an electrical conductor extending across the gap joint. The bit head has a cutting end and an opposite connecting end with an engagement section. The pin body has a tubular body with an axial bore therethrough, and comprises a connecting end with an engagement section. The pin body connecting end is connected to the bit head connecting end such that the engagement sections overlap. The electrically insulating gap joint fills an annular gap between the bit head and pin body engagement sections such that the bit head and pin body are mechanically connected together at the connecting ends but are electrically separated. The electrical conductor has one end electrically contacting one of the bit head and pin body, and the other end communicable with electronics equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates methods and apparatuses for testing and sampling of underground formations or reservoirs. The apparatus may include at least one extendable element configured to penetrate a formation. The at least one extendable element may include at least one drill bit with a nozzle configured to receive formation fluids. The at least one extendable element may include at least one sensor disposed on the at least one extendable element. The at least one extendable element may also include a source of stimulus for stimulating the formation. The at least one extendable element may be configured to detach and/or attach from/to a bottom hole assembly (BHA). One method may include steps for performing testing on the formation for estimating a parameter of interest of the formation. Another method may include steps for performing testing to estimate a parameter of interest of the formation fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing pressure signals which indicate when weight-on-bit, during the drilling of a wellbore, exceed a predetermined, upper limit. The apparatus includes a first mandrel and a second mandrel that inserts into and is axially moveable within the first mandrel. The position of the second mandrel may be dependent upon the balance of a biasing member's biasing strength and the weight-on-bit exerted on the drill bit. If weight-on-bit values overcome the biasing strength of the biasing member, the second mandrel may move uphole within the first mandrel and create a pressure signal that is detectable at surface so that the operator is made aware that weight-on-bit values exceed the upper limit.

Abstract: A wellbore instrument system includes a pipe string extending from earth's surface into a wellbore. The pipe string includes at least one of an electrical conductor and an optical fiber signal communication channel. A power sub is coupled to at least one wireline configurable wellbore instrument. The power sub is also coupled to the pipe string. The instrument is configured to receive electrical power from the power sub. The instrument includes at least one sensor responsive to at least one of movement of the instrument, change in a instrument operating condition and an environmental condition proximate the instrument. The sensor is configured to transmit signals therefrom over the communication channel.

Abstract: A low maintenance adjustable method for sampling fluid from a well using a gas analyzer, a fluid conditioner, and a gas trap. The gas trap can have a plurality of couplings, a plurality of hammer unions, a plurality of base manifold pipes, a base manifold flow line, a chimney pipe connected to the base manifold flow line, a controllable valve, a reducer connected to the chimney, an expansion chamber component connected to the reducer, a restrictor mounted to the expansion chamber component, and a conduit connection connected to the restrictor for engaging a conduit to flow a gas sample from the gas trap to a gas analyzer.