Abstract: A constrained-layer damping material including a bitumen material, a binder material, and a tackifier, wherein the bitumen is a soft grade with a penetration of at least 150 dmm and a ring and ball softening point of greater than about 35° C.

Abstract: The present invention includes a layered acoustical system for sound attenuation in a vehicle including an external decorative layer; a moldable fiber backer adhesively adhered to a back side of the decorative layer, the moldable fiber backer further including an engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a first density; a moldable lofted sound absorber and vibration decoupling layer including being made from another engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a second density that is less than the first density of the moldable backer, a top side of the vibration decoupling layer being adhesively adhered to the second side of the moldable fiber backer; and an intermediate layer embedded in a location within the vibration decoupling layer to achieve a balance point between transmission loss and sound absorption.

Abstract: An acoustical vinyl tile having an integral acoustical layer is disclosed. The vinyl tile includes a vinyl portion, an acoustical portion, and an adhesive layer for fixing the vinyl portion to the acoustical portion. The acoustical portion comprises a crumb rubber component and a polyurethane foam component. The acoustical portion can include 10-40% crumb rubber and 60-90% polyurethane foam. The resulting vinyl tile meets ASTM E 2179 IIC sound requirements. A method of making a vinyl tile meeting the ASTM sound requirements is also disclosed. The method includes providing a vinyl slab portion, providing an acoustical slab portion comprising crumb rubber, polyurethane foam and a resin binder; and bonding the vinyl slab portion to the acoustical portion. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve acoustic insulation panels of the prior art by proposing a rigid, light panel, the acoustical absorption performance of which is improved thanks to the use of a grid the structure of which enables the same to contribute to the noise absorption function. To this end, the present invention relates to an acoustic insulation panel including two facing panels (2, 4), separated by a solid structure (6) that is substantially planar and has two surfaces (7b, 7c) that are substantially planar and parallel, each of which are rigidly connected to a facing panel, said structure (6) including through-holes (6a) that form a mesh, such that the meshed structure contributes to the noise absorption function.

Abstract: It is disclosed an anti-noise panel comprising a front shell and a rear shell that are coupled together within which rubber elements of specifically designed shape and size are incorporated. Said panel can be advantageously obtained by using also recycled, injected thermoplastic material, that allows the resulting panel to be conveniently used when the wind causes strong impact, for example, along railway lines where the compression waves generated by trains traveling at high speed over time tend to disassemble the riveted aluminum/steel sound barriers currently in use.

Abstract: An acoustical door comprising an inner core assembly includes a spacer frame having a first set of spacer strips extending along a first direction and a second set of spacer strips extending along a second direction. The inner core assembly further includes first and second core layers positioned within the spacer frame. The second core layer is constructed of a material dissimilar from the first core layer. The acoustical door further comprises a multi-layer skin spaced apart from the inner core assembly. The multi-layer skin includes a sheet constructed of lead. The acoustical door also includes a spacer coupling the multi-layer skin and the inner core assembly around a mutual periphery. An air space is defined within the mutual periphery and between the multi-layer skin and the inner core assembly such that the multi-layer skin is configured to flex independent of the inner core assembly.

Abstract: A multilayer sound absorbing structure, comprising a first microperforated film, a mesh layer and a second microperforated film disposed in this order is provided.

Abstract: A partition panel improves sound insulation performance and optimizes a reverberation time. The partition panel has sound absorption and insulation functions, and has a front plate having a perforated section with a plurality of through-holes and an entirely-continuous peripheral edge portion located outside the perforated section. An entirely-continuous back plate is disposed on a side opposite to a sound source across the front plate. An inner perforated plate is disposed between the perforated section of the front plate and the back plate. A front-side honeycomb core is interposed between the perforated section and the inner perforated plate, a back-side honeycomb core is interposed between the back plate and the inner perforated plate and a peripheral honeycomb core is interposed between the peripheral edge portion of the front plate and a region of the back plate opposed to the peripheral edge portion.

Abstract: Sound muffling flooring underlay tile systems using sonic foam-enhanced underlay board may comprise a sound-muffling tile assembly for installation underneath a floor surface to help minimize sound transfer between living areas and to provide increased insulation. The sound-muffling tile assembly may comprise a flooring base member, a cushioning film layer, and a fastener for securing the flooring base member to the cushioning film layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cushioning film layer may comprise a foam substance comprising an open-cell structure. In addition to actively dampening sound waves that travel through the open-cell structure of the foam substance, the cushioning film layer provides a floated surface for the floor above the sound-muffling tile assembly when installed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a convergence sound-absorbing material and a method of fabricating the same, and more particularly, a convergence sound-absorbing material and a method of fabricating the same in which an inexpensive eco-friendly recycled filler composed of polyurethane foam and a recycled thread or waste felt is used as a filler in an intermediate layer of the PET sound-absorbing material to provide remarkably reduced fabrication costs and excellent sound-absorbing performance. In addition the waste felt, which is typically discarded during a process of cutting the sound-absorbing material, is recycled for use in the filler.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite nonwoven in a continuous process sequence, and an apparatus for carrying out the method are provided. A fibrous web is formed by a carding device from a fiber strand, on the surface of which fibrous web subsequently a nonwoven layer of synthetic fibers is laid. To this end, the fibrous web is guided within a suction zone on a laydown belt to a melt-blowing device, in which the synthetic fibers are laid on the surface of the fibrous web by melt-blowing. The fibrous web which is covered with the nonwoven layer is subsequently laid by a nonwoven laying device in a plurality of layers to form the composite nonwoven.

Abstract: An acoustic panel for an enclosure includes a panel plate having opposite interior and exterior sides, and an acoustic module assembly including a plurality of acoustic modules secured on the interior side of the panel plate. Each acoustic module includes a retainer having a retainer base, spaced in generally opposing relationship with the panel plate, and upper and lower retainer walls extending outward from the retainer base toward the panel plate to define a horizontal channel-shaped cavity. An acoustic insulation member is received in the horizontal channel-shaped cavity of the retainer, such that the acoustic insulation member is positioned between the interior side of the panel plate and the retainer base.

Abstract: A noise and vibration mitigating mat having top and bottom surfaces comprises a first layer formed of recycled bound rubber product, the first layer having a contoured bottom surface and a generally flat top surface, a second layer on the top surface of the first layer, the second layer being formed of a fabric and a third layer on the second layer and being formed of recycled rubber product.

Abstract: An acoustic panel for an enclosure includes a panel plate having opposite interior and exterior sides, and an acoustic module assembly including a plurality of acoustic modules secured on the interior side of the panel plate. Each acoustic module includes a retainer having a retainer base, spaced in generally opposing relationship with the panel plate, and upper and lower retainer walls extending outward from the retainer base toward the panel plate to define a horizontal channel-shaped cavity. An acoustic insulation member is received in the horizontal channel-shaped cavity of the retainer, such that the acoustic insulation member is positioned between the interior side of the panel plate and the retainer base.

Abstract: A panel system is recited that includes a first panel having a periphery. The panel includes a first plastic layer having a periphery and a second plastic layer opposed and spaced apart from the first layer. The second layer also has a periphery. The first and second layers define a first cavity therebetween. A first in-situ foam core is disposed in the cavity and has a thermal bond to the first and second plastic layers. The panel is capable of supporting 0.1 to 0.5 lbf/in2.

Abstract: The invention provides an enclosure, in particular, an acoustic enclosure, for thermal equipment, for example a gas turbine or a gas turbine auxiliary module. The invention also provides a method of constructing such an enclosure.

Abstract: A sound-absorbing noise barrier, more specifically to one comprising: a main body which has a front surface and a rear surface and extends horizontally and in which a space is formed between the front surface and the rear surface; and a sound-absorbing material which is accommodated in the space of the main body and is disposed at a distance away from the front surface and the rear surface respectively, wherein the front surface of the main body is formed with vertically oriented alternating projections and recesses and is formed with a plurality of sound-absorbing holes, and the overall cross-sectional area of the sound-absorbing holes is at least 20% of the cross-sectional area of the front surface. The sound-absorbing noise barrier of the present invention can be variously employed in construction and industrial products, has good sound-absorbing characteristics across a wide frequency range, and can present an aesthetically appealing external effect.

Abstract: An acoustical ceiling panel comprising a flat core and an acoustically transparent face sheet adhesively attached to one of two oppositely facing major sides of the core, the core comprising a multitude of layers of corrugated fiberboard laminated together, the corrugated fiberboard layers each having a corrugated medium adhesively attached to a flat liner board, the corrugated medium forming regularly spaced flutes of curvilinear cross-section, the flutes of the layers of fiberboard being arranged in parallel directions extending perpendicularly to the major faces of the core.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a wall structure working as a noise barrier for railways, which comprises at least a plurality of wall elements placed consecutively end-to-end with each other, which wall elements are hinged by means of hinge pieces at their bottom edges for toppling downwards from their vertical position. The wall elements are disposed inside the width reach of the wagons or cargo space of a train and for toppling by means of the hinge pieces to below a wagon or a load that is lower than normal and/or is overwide. The wall structure is suited for use e.g. as a noise barrier or passage barrier for a railway.

Abstract: An acoustical ceiling panel comprising a flat core and an acoustically transparent face sheet adhesively attached to one of two oppositely facing major sides of the core, the core comprising a multitude of layers of corrugated fiberboard laminated together, the corrugated fiberboard layers each having a corrugated medium adhesively attached to a flat liner board, the corrugated medium forming regularly spaced flutes of curvilinear cross-section, the flutes of the layers of fiberboard being arranged in parallel directions extending perpendicularly to the major faces of the core.

Abstract: A disclosed embodiment provides an acoustic panel having a composite laminate panel having a back sheet layer, a face sheet layer, and a core layer disposed therebetween. The core layer has one or more depressions at an interface between the core layer and the face sheet layer, with the face sheet having a generally uniform thickness across the composite laminate panel. A hole extends through the composite laminate panel at the depressions, and a bolt assembly extends through the hole such that it is countersunk.

Abstract: A utility material can include microparticles, an organic binder and an inorganic binder. The microparticles can be present in an amount from about 25 wt % to about 60 wt %, based on wet formulation. The inorganic binder can optionally include sodium silicate. The organic binder can optionally include a vinyl acetate. The utility material can be formed into a variety of different products or building materials, such as wallboard, shear panels. In addition, the building material may be particularly used to attenuate sound.

Abstract: The present invention includes a layered acoustical system for sound attenuation in a vehicle including an external decorative layer; a moldable fiber backer adhesively adhered to a back side of the decorative layer, the moldable fiber backer further including an engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a first density; a moldable lofted sound absorber and vibration decoupling layer including being made from another engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a second density that is less than the first density of the moldable backer, a top side of the vibration decoupling layer being adhesively adhered to the second side of the moldable fiber backer; and an intermediate layer embedded in a location within the vibration decoupling layer to achieve a balance point between transmission loss and sound absorption.

Abstract: An acoustic composite containing at least a first acoustically coupled non-woven composite and a second acoustically coupled non-woven composite, each acoustically coupled non-woven composite containing a non-woven layer and a facing layer. The non-woven layer contains a plurality of binder fibers and a plurality of bulking fibers and has a binder zone and a bulking zone. The facing layer of the second acoustically coupled non-woven composite is adjacent the second surface of the non-woven layer of the first acoustically coupled non-woven composite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acoustic energy reflector comprising a microcellular rubber as inner liner and a fiber reinforced composite as outer casing, in a core-shell assembly, wherein the said microcellular rubber is selected from the group of natural and synthetic rubbers having glass transition temperature below 0° C. and the resin for the fiber reinforced composite is selected from a group having a glass transition temperature at least 50° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite sandwich panel (1) comprising at least a web (2) provided between an inner skin (3) and an outer skin (4), each skin being made of a composite material from a plurality of fibrous plies (5, 6, 7, 8), characterized in that a portion of the plies of the inner skin and/or of the outer skin each extends at least partially through the web at an uninterrupted area thereof in order to form together a through-reinforcement (9) extending from the inner skin to the outer skin of the composite sandwich panel. The invention further relates to an aircraft element including such a composite sandwich panel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to attenuate vibration and acoustic noise are provided. One apparatus includes a first layer formed from a non-metal material having a predetermined level of resistance to deformation to define a frequency response based on a vibrating frequency. The non-metal material has a profile defined by at least one sinusoid. The apparatus also includes a second layer defining an absorption layer coupled to the first layer. The second layer adds a body of mass adjacent the first layer.

Abstract: A sound absorbent barrier has a sound absorbent layer disposed between a porous first cover and a second cover. The barrier also has a waterproof sound-permeable membrane between the first cover and the sound absorbent layer. The sound absorbent layer is thus protected from damage by the first and second covers and water ingress is prevented by the sound permeable membrane. The second cover may be non-porous to reflect sound waves which have passed through the sound absorbent layer back through the sound absorbent layer. Alternatively, the second cover may be porous to enable absorption of sound from two directions.

Abstract: This invention is an acoustic device protected by an acoustically transparent low water permeability encapsulant made from an acoustically clear polymer such as polyurethane. High aspect ratio clay nanoparticles are positioned in the substrate in overlapping layers with layers of the substrate interposed. The invention also provides a method for forming an acoustically transparent low permeability encapsulant about an acoustic device. The method includes treating high aspect ration clay nanoparticles to make them organophilic. The treated nanoparticles are then mixed in a polymer resin in such a way as to form an intercalated mixture. A curing agent is added to the mixture, and the mixture is allowed to set. When set the resulting intercalated mixture produces an acoustically clear, low permeability polymer coating.

Abstract: An acoustic treatment panel includes two portions with edges spaced in one direction, and from the outside to the inside, a first acoustically resistive layer, a first alveolar structure, and a reflective layer, and a block inserted between the two edges which includes, from the outside to the inside, a second acoustically resistive layer arranged at the first acoustically resistive layer and a second alveolar structure. The block includes at least one sector of alveolar structures with sloped pipes whose height is less than that of the first alveolar structure, whereby the pipes are sloped in a direction such that the ends of the pipes are close to one of the edges of the portions at the first acoustically resistive layer, and the opposite ends of the pipes are moved away from the edge and the reflective layer so as to house connecting elements between the block and the panel.

Abstract: A dash silencer is constructed by layering a front side layer formed from a porous material, an intermediate layer constructed by a film structure body and a rear side layer. The rear side layer has upper and lower side layer portions which are formed from porous and sound insulation materials respectively and layered on upper and lower side layer portions of the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A first sound absorbing material to be located facing a vehicle room interior side, the air-impermeable material having an air-impermeable film having bonding hot-melts on both sides thereof, and the second sound absorbing material to be located facing a vehicle room exterior side are laminated in this order, and are closely-located between two heating boards and are supplied with hot air to melt hot-melts and thus to make a laminate. The laminate is cold press molded with the first sound absorbing material on a lower mold, and at the same time as the press molding, compressed gas is supplied from an upper mold to apply pressure on the air-impermeable material and thus to compression mold the first sound absorbing material.

Abstract: A noise attenuation panel includes a first wall, a second wall and partition walls connected to the first and second walls and defining cells between the first and second walls. The first wall is provided with a plurality of through holes. At least two of the cells are interconnected via a communication hole. One of the through holes leads to a first of the at least two interconnected cells and a second of the interconnected cells is configured to prevent any gas flow through the second cell.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for making a composite panel and the product made by the method. The composite panel is made from a soft septum treated with a composition containing silane and an organic acid. The treated soft septum is adhesively bonded between two honeycomb panels, forming a sandwich of the septum between the two honeycomb panels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a soundproofing device for the passenger compartment of a vehicle (10), to be positioned between a sheet métal panel of the vehicle bodywork (12) and an inner trimming panel (14). The device comprises a polymer foam plate (20) impregnated with a mixture of an inorganic filler and an organic binder, the foam plate (20) being shaped so as to be in close contact with the sheet métal panel of the bodywork (12) and with the inner trimming panel (14). The invention further relates to an inner trimming System for the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising an inner trimming panel (14) for covering a sheet métal panel of the vehicle bodywork (12) and such a device. The invention further relates to a vehicle provided with such a System. The invention can be used in automobiles.

Abstract: An acoustic resistance member includes an air-shielding layer which does not allow air to pass through such that acoustic waves do not propagate, and an acoustic resistance layer which allows air to pass through such that acoustic waves propagate. The air-shielding layer is composed of a resin containing a coloring agent, and a part of the air-shielding layer is removed.

Abstract: A sound-absorbing body having sound-absorbing characteristics suitable for in-home and car audio systems, wherein the indoor echo of sound wave output from a speaker or echo in a speaker enclosure should be reduced. Namely, showing flat sound-absorbing properties while maintaining a high sound-absorbing ratio in the medium tone range, having a simple structure, is easily installed, water-resistant and is decorative. Specifically, a sound-absorbing body having a plurality of porous members provided with air holes therein and a structure composed by three or more layers formed by bonding the individual porous members via an adhesive layer having a preset thickness, wherein one side of said structure is located in the side of a sound source and the other side of said structure has a peak-and-valley pattern that is formed by alternately positioning said porous members and air layers to thereby flatten and improve the sound-absorbing ratio in the medium tone range.

Abstract: To absorb a noise produced by an external force that generates an audio frequency even if it is applied thereto, and to make it hard to become a noise source to a surrounding area. It includes a surface layer 20 having microscopic pores 21 formed on a surface 20A, communicating passages 24 communicating with the microscopic pores 21 and a porous layer 10 having sound pores 14 that are formed at an inner part deeper than the surface layer 20 having the microscopic pores 21 formed, communicate with the communicating passage 24 and that have a volume larger than volumes of the microscopic pore 21 formed on the surface 20A and the communicating passage 24. A sound absorption characteristic and/or a sound insulation characteristic is provided by the microscopic pores 21 of the surface 20A, the communicating passages 24 of the porous layer 10, and the sound pores 14 of the porous layer 10.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tunable sound absorption facing which includes a cellulosic web and a nonwoven web entangled together. The facing has a controllable air flow resistance.

Abstract: In order to mitigate transmission to the passenger compartment of noise generated in the engine compartment, a dash silencer is installed on the passenger-compartment-side surface of the dash panel of an automobile, wherein the mounting operation is facilitated by improving the mounting structure for the dash silencer. A stud pin is provided to the passenger-compartment-side surface of the dash panel, a chevron-shaped slit is formed in the mat-shaped dash silencer, and the stud pin is inserted through the slit, whereby the dash silencer is mounted on the passenger-compartment-side surface of the dash panel, wherein, when the chevron-shaped slit is formed in the dash silencer , a lower portion separated by the slit is caused to project farther than the upper portion toward the passenger compartment, and the lower portion is caused to inflect into the passenger compartment so as to form a stepped shape.

Abstract: Panels for use in building construction (partitions, walls, ceilings, floors or doors) which exhibit improved acoustical sound proofing in multiple specific frequency ranges and also present improved structural integrity, are provided. The improved performance is achieved through the use of one or more layers of glue such that at least one layer of glue includes a viscoelastic material in a first pattern and a structural adhesive in a second, non-overlapping pattern. The viscoelastic material may have a varied shear moduli and functions as a glue and energy dissipating layer. In some embodiments, one or more constraining layers separating one layer of glue may be included. The constraining layer may be formed of a material such as gypsum, cement, metal, cellulose, wood, or petroleum-based products such as vinyl, plastic, or rubber. In some embodiments, standard wallboard, typically gypsum, comprises the external surfaces of the laminated panel.

Abstract: The present invention includes a layered acoustical system for sound attenuation in a vehicle including an external decorative layer; a moldable fiber backer adhesively adhered to a back side of the decorative layer, the moldable fiber backer further including an engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a first density; a moldable lofted sound absorber and vibration decoupling layer including being made from another engineered fiber blend including one or more types of thermoplastic fibers and having a second density that is less than the first density of the moldable backer, a top side of the vibration decoupling layer being adhesively adhered to the second side of the moldable fiber backer; and an intermediate layer embedded in a location within the vibration decoupling layer to achieve a balance point between transmission loss and sound absorption.

Abstract: Embodiments of thermal-acoustic sections for an aircraft for reducing noise along an acoustic path produced from an acoustic source are provided herein. The thermal-acoustic section comprises a first porous layer having a first characteristic acoustic impedance. A second porous layer is disposed adjacent to the first porous layer and has a second characteristic acoustic impedance that is greater than the first characteristic acoustic impedance. The thermal-acoustic section is configured to be positioned along the acoustic path such that at least a portion of the noise from the acoustic source is directed through the first porous layer to the second porous layer to promote absorption of the noise.

Abstract: A material for use in building construction (partition, wall, ceiling, floor or door) that exhibits improved acoustical sound proofing and fire resistance. The material comprises a laminated structure having as an integral part thereof one or more layers of intumescent viscoelastic material which also functions as a glue, energy dissipating layer, and a fire resistive layer; and one or more constraining layers, such as gypsum, cement, metal, cellulose, wood, or petroleum-based products such as plastic, vinyl, plastic or rubber. In one embodiment, standard wallboard, typically gypsum, comprises the external surfaces of the laminated structure.

Abstract: A sound insulating trim part is provided. The sound insulating trim part includes an absorbing area and an insulating area. The absorbing area includes at least a first portion of a porous fibrous layer. The insulating area includes a mass layer and a decoupling layer. The mass layer includes a second portion of the same porous fibrous layer. The second portion has a dynamic Young's modulus (Pa) of at least about (96·AW·t) with AW being an area weight (g/m2), and t being a thickness (mm) of the porous fibrous layer. The mass layer also includes at least a substantially air impervious barrier layer between the porous fibrous layer and the decoupling layer. The thickness of the first portion of the porous fibrous layer in the absorbing area is larger than the thickness of the second portion of the same porous fibrous layer in the insulating area.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing material having a light weight and excellent sound absorbing performance, and a sound absorbing material consisting of a fiber sheet made of fibers containing at least 50% by mass of a porous fiber having many minute pores, each minute pore opening onto the surface of the porous fiber, and having an airflow resistance in the range of between 0.05 and 3.0 kPa·s/m. The porous fiber having many minute pores, each one opening onto the surface of the porous fiber, has air-permeability, and so a sound absorbing property in itself, and a sheet made of the porous fiber having air-permeability and sound absorbing property has even further sound absorbing properties created by the spaces between the porous fibers, resulting in the sheet becoming a sound absorbing material with extremely great sound absorbing efficiency.

Abstract: A sound insulating trim part with acoustic mass-spring characteristics is provided. The sound insulating trim part includes a mass layer and a decoupling layer. The mass layer includes a porous fibrous layer with a dynamic Young's modulus E of at least about 96·AW·t (Pa), with AW being an area weight (g/m2), and t being a thickness (mm) of the porous fibrous layer. The mass layer also includes an air impervious thin barrier layer. The barrier layer is disposed between the porous fibrous layer and the decoupling layer. The barrier layer, the porous fibrous layer, and the decoupling layers are laminated together.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter describes systems and methods for the implementation of an aquatic acoustical barrier, the aquatic acoustical barrier having a multiplicity of acoustical layers, the acoustical layers further having a multiplicity of acoustical leafs, such that when the acoustical barrier surrounds a noise source in the water there is an attenuation created by the noise source.

Abstract: A soundproof panel comprising a nonwoven structural member and a board member is prepared. The nonwoven structural member comprises a thermal adhesive fiber under moisture which is melt-bonded to a fiber of the structural member to fix the fibers. The soundproof panel may be a soundproof panel 1 comprising a nonwoven structural member 2 and a honeycomb member 3 stacked thereto. Moreover, the soundproof panel may be a soundproof panel comprising a board-like nonwoven structural member and first and second surface members stacked to first and second sides of the board-like nonwoven structural member, respectively. Further, the soundproof panel may be a soundproof panel having first and second surface members stacked through a square-pole rail member comprising a nonwoven structural member. The soundproof panel of the present invention has toughness for the lightweight design and has excellent sound absorption and sound insulation properties.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a composite laminate comprising in order (a) a flame retardant polymeric moisture barrier (b) an inorganic platelet layer and (c) a flame retardant thermoplastic film layer The invention is also directed to a thermal insulation and acoustic blanket comprising a core of fibrous material or foam surrounded by the above composite laminate wherein the thermoplastic film layer of the composite laminate contacts and encapsulates the core.