Abstract: A parking brake having an actuator, wherein the actuator is driven by a direct current motor which can be operated in two directions. The actuator moves, via a self-locking gear mechanism of the actuator, at least one brake shoe for applying or releasing the parking brake in the direction of a rotary element or away therefrom. A control unit for performing open-loop or closed-loop control of the movement of the direct current motor is also provided. The parking brake is designed such that, when the parking brake is applied or released, an application point of the brake shoes against the rotary element is generally overshot.

Abstract: An electric drive system for a vehicle; said drive system including an electric motor at at least one wheel of said vehicle; said electric motor comprising an electric field source adapted to induce rotational torque in the brake disc associated with said wheel of said vehicle. In an alternative form there is provided a method of imparting a torque to a wheel of a vehicle; said wheel having a brake disc rotor mechanically associated with it; said method comprising utilizing said rotor as a motor rotor whereby said rotor performs a dual function of a disc brake and a motor rotor.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed herein may be useful for manual braking systems for use in, for example, an aircraft. A system is disclosed that allows for manual braking. For example, a system is provided comprising a brake handle, a potentiometer in mechanical communication with the brake handle, a mapping module in electrical communication with the potentiometer, wherein the mapping module receives an output voltage from the potentiometer, wherein the mapping module produces a braking command output.

Abstract: An HV-ECU performs a program including the steps of: determining whether or not the HV-ECU is in an auto-P execution state; determining whether or not a predetermined time period Tb has elapsed since an auto-P was requested; and permitting determination of the shifting operation if the HV-ECU is in the auto-P execution state and if it is determined that the predetermined time period Tb has elapsed since the auto-P was requested.

Abstract: A brake system in an electric drive dump truck. The electric drive dump truck has a generator 11 driven by an engine 10 and traveling motors 13L, 13R driven with electric power generated by the generator 11. Hydraulic brakes 20L, 20R, 21L, 20R are operated by brake pedal 18. An oil pressure sensor 22 detects hydraulic fluid pressure produced in accordance with the amount of depression of the brake pedal 18 and a control unit 14 controls the traveling motors 13L, 13R so as to operate them as generator-type retarders when the hydraulic fluid pressure P detected by the oil pressure sensor 22 is not smaller than a predetermined value P1.

Abstract: A braking system having a master cylinder to which wheel brake circuits (I, II) can be connected, a first piston coupled to a brake pedal, a second piston by means of which the master cylinder is actuated, a third piston actuated by the first piston and connected in a force transmitting fashion to the second piston, a simulation device which gives the driver of the vehicle a pedal sensation, an intermediate space between the second piston and third piston, a pressure generating device which controls the pressure in the intermediate space, a pressure medium reservoir vessel which is under atmospheric pressure and which can be connected hydraulically to the intermediate space, and means for electrically controlling the pressure in the intermediate space.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the invention, an apparatus includes: a remote safety brake including a transmitter configured to transmit a control signal, a receiver configured to receive the control signal, and a brake control stage coupled to the receiver. The brake control stage is responsive to the control signal, and the transmitter is remotely disposed away from the receiver and is remotely disposed away from the brake control stage.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for a vehicle with an engine system and a power dissipation system. One example method includes, during directing airflow from an airflow generating device to cool a component of the power dissipation system, and directing the airflow from the airflow generating device to cool a component of the engine system.

Abstract: An electric thrusting unit for a disc brake with an electric parking mechanism includes a worm reduction gear and a thrust generation mechanism. The thrust generation mechanism converts rotational movement transmitted by way of the worm reduction gear into linear movement. A worm wheel of the worm reduction gear is supported on the thrust generation mechanism concentrically with a rotational member of the thrust generation mechanism. A drive side gearwheel and a driven side gearwheel are meshed with an output shaft of the electric motor directly or by way of an additional gearwheel so as to transmit a rotational force of the output shaft to the worm. The drive side gearwheel is provided concentrically with the output shaft and so as to rotate together therewith. The driven side gearwheel is provided on a part of the worm concentrically with the worm and so as to rotate together therewith.

Abstract: In a method for carrying out an emergency braking procedure in a vehicle, at least one electric actuator in the braking system is automatically actuated to generate an increased brake force in the case of an emergency situation. A maximum voltage, which exceeds the rated voltage of the actuator, is applied to the electric actuator.

Abstract: There is provide a brake control technology according to which a target hydraulic pressure is reliably achieved when a hydraulic pressure is decreased during hydraulic control and brake drag does not occur even when the target hydraulic pressure is zero. In a brake apparatus, a dead-band region is set for the target hydraulic pressure that is used in the hydraulic control. When braking control is switched from the hydraulic control to regenerative control in cooperative braking control, residual pressure reduction control is executed. In the residual pressure reduction control, the target hydraulic pressure is set to a value that is lower than zero to which the hydraulic pressure should be brought.

Abstract: An aircraft braking system architecture having brakes with electromechanical actuators (3) for selectively applying a braking force to respective stacks of disks (2) in order to exert a braking torque on respective wheels. Included is at least one power module (7) that sends phase currents to the electromechanical actuators so that the latter can exert a braking force and at least one control module (8) for controlling the power module in response to a braking command such that appropriate phase currents are sent to the actuators so that these can develop the desired braking force. At least one power supply unit (20), comprising means (21) of generating a high voltage (HVDC), supplies the power module with the high power it needs for powering the actuators. The unit (20) also has means (22) for generating a low voltage (LVDC) for powering at least the control module at a low voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic levitation railway having an eddy-current brake (20) cooperates with a reaction rail (8) of the driveway (2). The eddy-current brake (20) has at least one brake magnet (21) which is movably mounted to the vehicle (1) and transversely to the reaction rail (8) and which is made to abut the reaction rail (8) if a normal force, for example, fixed by means of springs (27) is exceeded.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system includes: brakes provided for respective right-side wheel, left-side wheel, front wheel and rear wheel of a vehicle, and configured to restrain rotations of the respective wheels by activations of brake actuators of the brakes; and at least two energy sources independent from each other and configured to supply energy to the brake actuators. A first brake line includes (a) a first energy source as one of the at least two energy sources and (b) one of the brake actuators provided for the front wheel and activatable by the energy supplied from the first energy source. A second brake line includes (c) a second energy source as one of the at least two energy sources and (d) three of the brake actuators provided for the respective right-side, left-side and rear wheels and activatable by the energy supplied from the second energy source.

Abstract: A brake system for braking a rail vehicle has an actuator, which is equipped for installation in its totality in a bogie of the rail vehicle and provided with a braking force F so as to create a braking movement of at least one pressing part, and an energy storage device which is connected to the actuator via a supply line. A brake controller supplies control signals for controlling the brake system, which enables secure braking of the rail vehicle. The actuator has a control connection, which is connected to the brake controller for receiving the control signals via a data line, wherein the control connection is connected to a logic unit of the actuator that is configured to set the braking force F in dependence on the control signals.

Abstract: An electric parking brake system is equipped with a parking brake driven by an electric actuator for braking wheels of a vehicle, a vehicle condition sensing section for detecting vehicle conditions, a target braking force setting section for setting a target braking force on the basis of vehicle condition detected, compared and weighted by the vehicle condition sensing section so as to overcome a trouble of a part of sensing section, a parking condition detecting section for sensing a change of the vehicle condition from a stopping condition to a parking condition, and a control section for increasing a braking force according to the change in the vehicle condition so as to avoid a creep movement of the vehicle. Thereby, the electric parking brake system with a highly improved reliability can be provided.

Abstract: Brake equipment, for an elevator installation, includes: a static element; a movable element movable relative to the static element in a first degree of freedom, wherein selectably a first frictional contact is produced in a first contact surface between the static element and the movable element by a controllable normal force acting in a second degree of freedom, and a first friction force opposes movement of the movable element relative to the static element; and a relative element, wherein a second frictional contact is produced in a second contact surface between the movable element and the relative element by the normal force, and a second friction force opposes movement of the movable element relative to the relative element. The relative element is movable in the first degree of freedom relative to the static element between a normal position and a braking position and is resiliently biased into the normal position.

Abstract: An electric brake device comprises a caliper holding braking members and having an electric motor attached thereto, a reduction mechanism for transmitting an input rotation of one input element thereof from the electric motor to two output elements thereof at reduced speeds, a rotation-linear motion converting mechanism for converting the rotation of one of the output elements into a linear motion of one of the braking members, and a thrust force support member connected to the other output element and screw-engaged with the caliper, wherein the rotation-linear motion converting mechanism is supported by the thrust force support member to be movable together in a thrust direction and is provided with rotation limiting portions for limiting the rotation in a reverse direction of the one output element to a predetermined range, and wherein the thrust force support member is set to be greater in resistance to operation than the rotation-linear motion converting mechanism.

Abstract: A braking actuator for a brake of an aircraft, the actuator comprising: an electric motor; a pusher actuated by the motor; and a position sensor for sensing the position of the movable portion of the motor and provided with transmitter and receiver members. The motor has first and second exciters adapted to move the movable portion of the motor and adapted to be powered independently from each other. The transmitter member of the position sensor comprises first and second transmitters adapted to be powered independently, and the receiver member generates the signal representative of position on being excited by at least one of the transmitters.

Abstract: An electronic parking brake apparatus may include a driving member coupled to and actuating a parking cable, a case in which the driving member is housed, a cable ferrule disposed outside the case and coupled to a portion of the parking cable therethrough, wherein the cable ferrule is biased toward the case by the parking cable when the driving member actuates the parking cable, and a sensing member interposed between the case and the cable ferrule and measuring tension of the parking cable.

Abstract: An electric disk brake includes a single electric motor, a pair of rotary-to-linear conversion mechanisms to which rotation of the electric motor is transferred, a pressing member that presses a brake pad toward a disk rotor by each of the rotary-to-linear conversion mechanisms and a reduction mechanism interposed between the electric motor and the pair of rotary-to-linear conversion mechanisms. The reduction mechanism transfers rotation output, where input of the electric motor is expanded, to one side of the pair of rotary-to-linear conversion mechanisms and transfers reaction force of the rotation output to the other side of the pair of rotary-to-linear conversion mechanisms.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake (20), in particular for an electric drive is provided, having a brake body (3), which is provided with a sleeve-shaped permanent magnet (4), an electromagnet (5) with an exciting coil (6), an external ring in the form of an external pole and an internal ring (8) in the form of an internal pole, wherein an armature disc (12) rotatably connected to a shaft is attractable against the brake body (3) or the external or internal ring surfaces by the permanent magnet (4) force acting against a return spring force. When the exciting coil is powered, the permanent magnet (4) magnetic field is compensated in such a way that the armature disc (12) is lifted up from the brake body (3) by the spring force, thereby allowing the brake to be released.

Abstract: An elevator assembly (20) includes braking devices (30) for controlling movement of an elevator car (22). A braking device (30) includes an electrical actuator (62) for controlling relative movement between a carriage (42) and a base (40) that is mountable on the elevator car (22). Relative movement between the carriage (42) and the base (40) results in at least one braking member (46) following a surface (60) on the base (40) for movement between a released position and a braking position.

Abstract: A braking system for an automobile including an electromagnetic braking subsystem and an electric or hydraulic subsystem, the electromagnetic braking subsystem including a converter to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, the converter outputting a generated current, a device storing or dissipating electrical energy regenerated by the electromagnetic braking subsystem, and an electrical actuator to limit the braking power of the electric or hydraulic braking subsystem as a function of the braking power of the electromagnetic braking subsystem, the electrical actuator being electrically controlled by the generated current or by an image signal of the generated current.

Abstract: A brake-by-wire system uses a time sequence type that determines road conditions before initialization, initializes EWBs (Electro Wedge Brake) at the left/right front wheels and EMBs (Electro Mechanical Brake) at the left/right rear wheels with time differences on the basis of the determined road conditions. Therefore, the clamping force in at least any one of the EWBs and the EMBs is maintained in any circumstances, thereby avoiding a situation that all the braking force of a vehicle is removed.

Abstract: In a disk brake for a vehicle, an electric motor is attached to a caliper body so as to exhibit a power for urging a friction pad toward a disk rotor. The electric motor includes a brush holder for holding brushes which contact a commutator at positions at even distances in a circumferential direction of an armature. Internal feed terminals are disposed in the brush holder so as to provide connection between the brushes and feed wires respectively leading to the brushes. A rotational angle detecting sensor is disposed in the brush holder so as to detect a rotational angle of the electric motor. The rotational angle detecting sensor is disposed in the brush holder on a side opposite from the internal feed terminals with respect to the armature. Thus, it is possible to improve assemblability of the rotational angle detecting sensor to the brush holder, and facilitate operation of connecting the feed wires to the brush holder.

Abstract: Method of detecting a braking state of a braking device of a robot drive, having a frame device which, if required, applies braking forces to a rotating component of the robot drive by means of a first movable frame element. As a result, the braking device is shifted into at least two operating states, in particular a closed state or an open state. In the process, during the transition of the braking device from one state into the other, at least one measuring signal is recorded and a braking state is determined by comparing the at least one measuring signal with reference values established beforehand. The invention also relates to a braking device on which the above method can be carried out.

Abstract: A disk brake for a vehicle, includes: an electric motor which has a motor shaft provided with an armature and which is attached to a caliper body so as to exhibit a power for urging a friction pad toward a disk rotor; and a Hall IC for detecting a rotational angle of the electric motor. The Hall IC is disposed within the electric motor so as to be located on an outer side of a pulser mounted on the motor shaft, and is retained by a motor case of the electric motor and a sensor cover made of a synthetic resin and detachably attached to the motor case. Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of parts by eliminating a special sealing measure.

Abstract: An actuating mechanism, particularly for a disc brake caliper, including a screw actuator having a screw 40 and a nut 18 threadably coupled together, an electric drive for driving one of the screw 40 and the nut 18 axially relative to the other and including a stator 20 and a rotor 22, a sleeve assembly including a generally cylindrical sleeve 25 interposed between the rotor 22 and the nut 18 and supporting the rotor 22 for rotation relative to the sleeve 25. The rotor 22 is connected to one of the screw 40 or the nut 18 for rotating the screw 40 or the nut 18. The screw actuator being at least partly mounted within the sleeve 25 and being arranged to bear against a portion of the sleeve assembly to transmit axial thrust to the sleeve assembly, and the sleeve assembly cooperating with an abutment to transmit the axial thrust to the abutment.

Abstract: A driving device for a parking brake system includes a casing shift member, a brake cable and a driving member. The casing shift member includes a cable casing. The brake cable is mounted through the cable casing. The driving member has a driving unit connected to and driving the casing shift member to perform a longitudinal motion. Thus the cable casing applies a force on the brake cable so as to perform a brake work. Because the brake cable is tightened with the force provided by the cable casing, the brake cable is only bent slightly. Thus the curvature of the brake cable is small. That prevents the brake cable from being damaged and prolongs a life span of the brake cable. Moreover, a mechanical efficiency of the driving device is improved because the brake cable is tightened with the force provided by the cable casing.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an EPB serving as an electrical parking brake in which a gear wheel and an external ring gear are arranged parallel to a driving gear rotating through a motor serving as the power source on a side surface, and fixed and output sun gears generating output torque are arranged to penetrate the external ring gear in a shaft direction via an internal ring gear and a planetary gear being in inner contact with the external ring gear, an overall length of a single body type housing with the motor is determined only by diameters of the driving gear, the gear wheel, and the external ring gear. Therefore, a power assembly converting the power of the motor driven by an ECU into the output torque is downsized so that a caliper mounted on a wheel presses a wheel disk.

Abstract: An eddy current magnetic braking system that is based on drag created when a conductor moves through a stationary magnetic field. As the magnetic field increases the drag value also increases. The invention provides a magnetic braking system for use on zip line/cable rides and trolleys. Alternate designs of the present invention include a magnetic braking system having a trolley that moves on a zip line/cable to a brake block which is connected to a pulley cable, as the trolley pushes the brake block, the pulley moves the conductor into a magnetic field creating an eddy current brake that slows the trolley to a stop.

Abstract: A brake system control unit controls one of first and second portions of a wheel brakes electric brake actuators to activate one of the first and second portions of the actuators and deactivate the other during an inhibited braking mode. The control unit controls the activated portion of the brake actuators to generate a braking force greater than the commanded braking force of the brake pedal command, such as twice the commanded braking force, to compensate for the deactivated portion of the brake actuators. The inhibited braking mode is discontinued during emergency braking when the commanded braking force is greater than or equal to a predetermined braking force. The inhibited braking mode is also discontinued when failure of one or more brake actuators is detected.

Abstract: The invention provides a brake apparatus in which a vibration resistance and a heat resistance are improved, in a control apparatus of an integrally structured brake in which an electric circuit portion is attached to a brake force generating portion of the brake apparatus. In the control apparatus of the integrally structured brake in which the electric circuit portion is attached to the brake force generating portion of the brake apparatus, the structure is made such that an opening is provided in a circuit side case and a connected portion is arranged in a space within the opening, in order to secure an assured electric connection after attaching the circuit portion. A connecting work can be executed from the opening portion, a vibration resistance can be improved, and a heat resistance can be improved.

Abstract: A parking brake having an actuator, wherein the actuator is driven with a direct current motor which can be operated in two directions and which moves a piston of the actuator and, via a self-locking gear mechanism of the actuator, at least one brake shoe for applying or releasing the parking brake. A control unit for performing open-loop or closed-loop control of the movement of the direct current motor is also provided. During open-loop or closed-loop control of the movement of the direct current motor for applying and/or releasing the parking brake, the control unit takes into account a hydraulic admission pressure which is currently present at the piston if the brake is applied or was present at the piston if the brake has been released when it had previously been applied. A corresponding method for operating such a parking brake is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates a bicycle that can be connected to each other such that it may be used as a one seat bicycle as well as the bicycle built for two or more people, wherein a top tube forming a frame is positioned to be separated from a fixed tube attached to a head tube, a clutch means is converted from an un-clutch state to a clutch state between the fixed tube and top tube, and a synchronizer is positioned between a front fork and the clutch means, which is separated at the clutch state and attached at the un-clutch state so that in case of the one seat bicycle, the head tube is integrally connected to the top tube while in case of a rear one of the bicycle built for two or more people, the head tube is pivotally converted to the top tube thereby the rear one not toppling over during steered as well as converting the one seat bicycle to the bicycle built for two or more people when two or more bicycle are connected to each other in tandem.

Abstract: Damping mechanisms and motor assemblies are provided. In an embodiment, by way of example only, a damping mechanism includes an end cap, a bearing retainer plate, a bearing damper ring, a bearing assembly, and first and second lateral dampers. The bearing damper ring is disposed in an annular cavity inwardly from an inner diameter surface of the end cap and has a radially inwardly-extending flange. The bearing assembly is disposed in the annular cavity radially inwardly relative to the bearing damper ring. The first lateral damper is disposed between a radially inwardly-extending wall of the end cap and the bearing damper ring. The second lateral damper is disposed between the bearing damper ring and the bearing retainer plate.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic parking brake actuator generating power for braking by using power from a motor, transmits the power from the motor to a caliper, stably and without noise, and ensures more quiet operability and durability by preventing and blocking noise and vibration generated by the actuator.

Abstract: In a vehicle disk brake, a motor housing houses in a housing recess a case into which an end of an output shaft liquid-tightly protrudes, and is mounted to a caliper body. A reduction mechanism having an output rotating member is sealed in the case while part of the output rotating member fluid-tightly protrudes from the case so as to be coaxially and operatively connected to a rear portion of the screw shaft. Grease is charged into the case. Thus, the case for housing the reduction mechanism is simply configured while preventing leakage of the grease charged into the case, and mounting of the case to the caliper body is facilitated.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake includes a housing, a pin, brake springs urged against the pin, a handle pivotably secured to the pin, a coil, a moveable armature plate, a moveable friction disc, a trigger switch on the housing and including a projecting contact and a pivotal trigger, steel balls in the half holes of the housing and the handle, and a rod fixedly projecting out of a slot of the handle. In a brake released position, the rod is at one end of the slot with the coil being energized. The handle is adapted to pivot to move the other end of the slot to engage with the rod, the handle contacts and pivots the trigger to enable the trigger switch so as to de-energize the coil, and the springs apply an expansion force to urge against the pin for causing the friction disc to apply brake to a shaft.

Abstract: During the standstill state maintenance control executed by an electric parking brake system, the moving force-based target tension Frefb is determined based on the inclination angle of a vehicle and the shift position each time the predetermined program is executed, and the tentative target tension Fref(n) in the current routine is set to a smaller value from among the moving force-based target tension Frefb and the maximum value Fmax. The control target tension Fref(n)* is set to a larger value from among the control target tension (the final target tension) Fref(n?1)* in the immediately preceding routine and the tentative target value Fref(n). Even if the tentative target tension Fref(n) is smaller than the control target tension Fref(n?1)*, the control target value Fref(n)* is not set to a value smaller than the control target tension Fref(n?1)*.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electronic parking brake system and a control method thereof. The electronic parking brake system includes a parking brake apparatus with a parking cable, a force sensing unit to sense tension of the parking cable, and an electronic control unit to measure braking force of the parking brake apparatus based on the tension, to estimate braking force of a fuzzy model, and to judge malfunction of the parking brake apparatus based on the measured braking force and the estimated braking force. Tension is estimated using the fuzzy model and is compared with the measured braking force, thereby effectively detecting malfunction of the electronic parking brake system and thus raising stability and safety of a vehicle. Further, if a residual exceeds a reference value, it is judged that the electronic parking brake apparatus malfunctions and a warning is given to a driver, thereby preventing accidents.

Abstract: A brake system fault pedal gain change method and system for brake pedal simulator equipped vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles is provided. In the event of a brake system booster fault, the method alerts the driver by way of tactile feedback. Additionally, the disclosed method provides a controlled means to gradually increase required brake pedal force during a brake system fault to avoid an abrupt change in brake pedal force when the brake system boost is depleted.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electronic parking brake system and a control method thereof. The electronic parking brake system includes brakes, a parking cable to apply braking force to the brakes, a motor to apply tension to the parking cable, a current sensor to sense current of the motor, and an electronic control unit to judge the braking force of the brakes based on the current of the motor, and to control driving of the motor based on the braking force. The electronic parking brake system senses the tension of the parking cable using the small-sized current sensor, thereby easily obtaining a space in which the current sensor is installed and thus reducing a product size of the electronic parking brake system. Further, the electronic parking brake system senses the tension of the parking cable using the inexpensive current sensor, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the electronic parking brake system and reducing costs of an electronic parking brake system product and a vehicle provided with the same.

Abstract: There is described a vehicle braking assembly for a wheel which comprises a braking member arranged to move relative to the main body of the wheel between an inoperative and an operative position, blocking means adapted to prevent the braking member from moving to an operative position wherein the trigger means is operable by coded message passed by a separate transmitter as electromagnetic radiation and the assembly is provided with an EMR sensor.

Abstract: An actuator device for use in a land vehicle, comprising an actuator for actuating a wheel brake of the land vehicle, a control unit for controlling the actuator and a processing unit. The processing unit is connected to the control unit and an external main control unit in order to route signals of the main control unit to the control unit. The actuator device further comprises a memory for storing actuator-specific information. This memory is connected to a monitoring unit. The monitoring unit is connected in turn to the control unit and the processing unit.

Abstract: An electromechanically operable parking brake system is provided for motor vehicles as well as to a respective method of operation The system includes, but is not limited to a brake device that is lockable by a brake module, a control unit that is electrically coupled to the brake module and further adapted to generate a first control signal for generating a first brake application force, and a safeguard mechanism is adapted to generate a second control signal for applying a second brake application force. The second brake application force is larger in magnitude than the first brake application force.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system includes first and second central control units communicating with, respectively, first and second control networks, and a plurality of brake units. Each brake unit includes a brake component, a self-enforcing mechanism associated with and acting upon the brake component, and first and second actuation mechanisms acting upon the self enforcing mechanism, in response to, respectively, first and second actuation control signals, to cause actuation of the brake component. Each brake unit also includes first and second local control units in direct communication with, respectively, the first and second central control units via, respectively, the first and second control networks.

Abstract: A drive system is provided for a utility vehicle and includes an alternating-current (AC) motor for providing a drive torque. An AC motor controller receives a battery voltage signal, throttle pedal position signal, brake pedal position signal, key switch signal, forward/neutral/reverse (FNR) signal, and run/tow signal indicative of the utility vehicle being configured to be driven and being configured to be towed. The AC motor controller generates an AC drive signal for the AC motor, wherein the AC drive signal is based on the battery voltage signal, throttle pedal position signal, brake pedal position signal, key switch signal, FNR signal, and run/tow signal.

Abstract: An electric direct-acting actuator is proposed which can maintain a large power increasing function without mounting a separate speed reducer. A plurality of planetary rollers (7) are disposed between the radially outer surface of a rotor shaft (5) of an electric motor and the radially inner surface of an outer ring member (1) fixed in position around the rotor shaft (5) so as to be rotatable about the rotor shaft (5) and about their own axes when the rotor shaft (5) rotates. A helical rib is defined by a rib member (9) engaged in a helical groove (8) formed in the radially inner surface of the outer ring member (1). The helical rib is engaged in circumferential grooves (10) formed in the radially outer surface of each planetary roller (7) at the same pitch as the turns of the helical rib. Thus, the rotary motion of the rotor shaft (5) is converted to a linear motion of the planetary rollers (7), so that it is possible to ensure a large power increasing function without mounting a separate speed reducer.