Abstract: A brake disk has a thickness D1 and includes two friction plates disposed parallel to each other, between which an airflow duct having a width D2 is located in a substantially central position. The brake disk is made of a gray cast iron material containing molybdenum. The ratio of the disk thickness D1 to the airflow duct width D2 is 3.0.ltoreq.D1/D2.ltoreq.5. The brake disk has a great resistance to temperature change and a long operating life.

Abstract: A brake rotor includes a disc-shaped carrier and friction rings arranged on or on top of the carrier, so that the friction rings and carrier form a single piece construction. The carrier and friction rings are made from carbon/carbon materials and ceramic materials respectively. The carrier has a hat-shaped cross-sectional shape with a flanged outer edge and the friction rings are attached to each side of the flanged edge of the carrier. The brake rotor may be directly mounted onto the wheel flange via the carrier using bolts.

Abstract: An anti-squeal shim comprises a metal plate and a compound layer applied only to one face of the metal plate. The compound includes a nonmetal fiber other than asbestos, an elastomer and a filler. The thickness of the compound layer is determined to be from 200 to 800 micron. The anti-squeal shim is disposed between a forcing member that urges a friction pad against a disc rotor and a backing plate of the friction pad in a disc brake with the metal plate opposed to the forcing member without the intervention of a backing-up shim and with the compound layer opposed to the backing plate.

Abstract: A brake unit includes a brake disk made of a fiber-reinforced ceramic C/SiC composite and a brake lining tribologically interacting with this brake disk. The brake lining comprises the same material as the brake disk, in which case, at least in the area of the brake lining close to the surface, the hardness is lower than that of the brake disk. The brake unit exhibits a high stability to temperature while the wear is low and the service life is acceptable.

Abstract: A friction material and a braking device and an image forming apparatus using the friction material. The friction material is formed of polyamide elastomer having a bending modulus of elasticity defined to be in a range of from 100 MPa to 500 MPa.

Abstract: An integrated brake pad and back plate having a brake pad section formed from a first fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite (FRCMC) material and a back plate section formed from a second FRCMC material. The brake pad and back plate are integrated because the sections are molded together to form an integral, unitary structure. The first FRCMC material used in the brake pad section includes a pre-ceramic resin in its ceramic state, fibers and possibly a filler material. The types and amount of these constituents are generally chosen so as to impart characteristics desirable in brake pads, such as high temperature and erosion resistance, and a high coefficient of friction. The second FRCMC material used in the back plate section includes a pre-ceramic resin in its ceramic state and fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of high temperature composites made by the chemical vapor infiltration and deposition of a binding matrix within a porous structure. More particularly, the invention relates to pressure gradient processes for forcing infiltration of a reactant gas into a porous structure, apparatus for carrying out those processes, and the resulting products. The invention is particularly suited for the simultaneous CVI/CVD processing of large quantities (hundreds) of aircraft brake disks.

Abstract: In a brake jaw consisting of a lining support member (2) and a friction lining (4), an intermediate layer (6, 8) arranged between the friction lining (4) and the lining support member (2) and acting as a damping layer to avoid squealing caused by friction, it is provided that the intermediate layer (6, 8) consists of a material mixture that is adapted to damp friction squealing during braking and to generate an acoustic alarm signal when reaching the wear limit.

Abstract: In a brake jaw (5) for disc brakes with partial linings having a brake disc (1), in particular for trucks, comprising a lining support plate (2) and a brake lining (4) fastened to the lining support plate (2), it is provided that for compensation of the radially different heat distribution in the brake disc (1), a radial profiling of the frictional power induced via the brake lining (4) is performed, the profiling being opposite to the heat distribution.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a material for an element of a power transmission-absorption assembly and the method of making such material is disclosed. The material has a pre-selected channel configuration to permit flow of a cooling medium thereacross or therethrough.

Abstract: Wear resistant devices and methods of their manufacture in which the intended function or result of the devices is to influence operational coefficients of friction. The devices are made of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials produced by nonwoven textile and plastics industries' materials and methods.

Abstract: A fibrous friction material in a sheet form having a top surface and a bottom surface with at least one surface containing a mixture of from about 10 to 65% cellulose fibers, about 5 to 50% carbon fibers, about 5 to 50% activated carbon, about 1 to 20% novoloid fibers, up to 65% diatomatious earth particles, and latex in an amount sufficient to increase the strength of the said sheet, with said percentages being based on the total weight of said sheet. The material is impregnated with a thermosetting resin prior to use.

Abstract: An integrated brake pad and back plate having a brake pad section formed from a first fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite (FRCMC) material and a back plate section formed from a second FRCMC material. The brake pad and back plate are integrated because the sections are molded together to form an integral, unitary structure. The first FRCMC material used in the brake pad section includes a pre-ceramic resin in its ceramic state, fibers and possibly a filler material. The types and amount of these constituents are generally chosen so as to impart characteristics desirable in brake pads, such as high temperature and erosion resistance, and a high coefficient of friction. The second FRCMC material used in the back plate section includes a pre-ceramic resin in its ceramic state and fibers.

Abstract: An elevator safety brake for stopping an elevator car is provided with a brake shoe having a carbon-carbon composite friction surface for contacting an elevator guide rail surface to provide a stopping force. The friction surface of the brake formed from the carbon-carbon composite exhibits a consistent high friction and low wear suitably accommodating high speed, high load elevators installed in very tall buildings.

Abstract: A roller brake or drum brake for a two-wheeler includes a guide case rotating with a wheel, a ring of a sintered copper alloy that is fixedly fitted into the guide case, and a brake shoe of an iron material that is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the ring thereby exhibiting a braking effect. The sintered copper alloy forming the ring contains hard particles dispersed in the interior of respective grains of copper alloy powder forming the matrix.

Abstract: In a drum brake for a vehicle in which a pair of brake shoes 4 and 5 having an identical size are pressed against an inner face of a brake drum 1 so as to effect braking, a natural frequency of one (4) of said pair of brake shoes 4 and 5 is made different from a natural frequency of the other (5). Due to the difference in the respective natural frequencies of the right and left brake shoes 4 and 5, coupled vibrations between the brake drum 1 and the two brake shoes 4 and 5 are hard to cause, whereby it is effective in drastically reducing opportunities of generating "judder.

Abstract: A friction pad for a brake assembly is disclosed. The pad comprises a friction material having a surface adapted for contact with a brake component such as a rotor or drum. The surface has a coating thereon, which comprises abrasive particles having a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 7.5 and abrasive particles having a Mohs hardness of 8.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: A brake shoe for an elevator emergency stop has a including a brake body having a braking face and (b) plurality of braking pieces embodied in the braking face side of the brake body to be projected from a braking face. The projection of each of the braking pieces forms a column or a multi-cornered pole having rounded corners. The braking pieces are made of a composite material containing a ceramic base material selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride, silicon carbide and sialon, and particles of at least one ceramic material selected from the group consisting of a carbide, a nitride and a boride. The ceramic particles have a particle size in the range of 10 to 150 .mu.m, and dispersed into the ceramic base material.

Abstract: A braking component such as a brake pad, brake rotor, brake drum or clutch disk is comprised of a metal substrate having a friction material laminated on at least a portion of at least one face of the metal substrate, the friction material being a ceramic-metal composite comprised of a metal phase and a ceramic phase dispersed within each other, wherein the ceramic phase is present in an amount of at least about 20% by volume of the ceramic-metal composite. In particular, the braking component is a metal substrate, such as aluminum, having laminated thereto a ceramic-metal composite of a dense boron carbide-aluminum composite having high specific heat and low density.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of high temperature composites made by the chemical vapor infiltration and deposition of a binding matrix within a porous structure. More particularly, the invention relates to pressure gradient processes for forcing infiltration of a reactant gas into a porous structure, apparatus for carrying out those processes, and the resulting products. The invention is particularly suited for the simultaneous CVI/CVD processing of large quantities (hundreds) of aircraft brake disks.

Abstract: A brake rotor includes a radially inner hub or hat section having a central mounting face for mounting the rotor on an associated drive member, with an outer friction portion extending from the cylindrical hat wall. The outer friction portion includes a pair of opposite, flat annular friction rings adapted to interface with associated friction members. The outer friction portion of the rotor further includes a core extending radially outwardly from the cylindrical hat wall of the hat section. A layer of a sound dampening material is secured between the pair of outer friction ring sections and the core. The rotor of the invention transmits less noise than conventional rotors.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a material for an element of a power transmission-absorption assembly and the method of making such material is disclosed. The material has a pre-selected channel configuration to permit flow of a cooling medium thereacross or therethrough.

Abstract: A self lubricating material for use in a castable material from which a predetermined component having at least one friction surface is to be manufactured. Such self lubricating type material consisting essentially of cellulose in the range of between about 4.0 weight percent and about 9.0 weight percent, resin in the range of between about 15.0 weight percent and about 20.0 weight percent, vermiculite in the range of between about 20.0 weight percent and about 25.0 weight percent, nut shells in a range of between about 12.0 weight percent and about 20.0 weight percent, fluorspar in a range of between about 11.0 weight percent and about 14.0 weight percent and oil in the range of between about 20.0 weight percent and about 26.0 weight percent.

Abstract: A structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material adapted for high temperature brake use is disclosed as used for the entirety of components of a brake system and as brake pads which can be used in the normal manner for brake pads. Also disclosed is a method of integrally molding the brake pads to the surfaces of metal brake parts.

Abstract: A disk pad type brake comprises a rotor disk provided with a carbon-carbon composite material (a) as a friction member, and at least one pad provided with a carbon-carbon composite material (b) as a friction member, wherein the difference in thermal conductivity between the materials (a) and (b) is 30 to 450 W/m.multidot.K in the radial direction; and a multi-disk type brake comprises at least one rotor disk provided with a carbon-carbon composite material (c) as a friction member, and at least one stator disk provided with a carbon-carbon composite material (d) as a friction member, wherein the difference in thermal conductivity between the materials (c) and (d) is 30 to 450 W/m.multidot.K in the radial direction.

Abstract: A dual type composition brake block member specifically designed for use in predetermined type brake systems. The brake block member consists of a brake surface having a predetermined configuration and a predetermined surface area. It further includes a first low friction type composition material having a predetermined friction range and extends over a first predetermined portion of the surface area of the brake surface. It further includes a second high static friction type composition material having a second predetermined friction range. The second high static friction type composition material extends over a second portion of the surface area of the brake surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-ply fibrous base material comprising a primary layer having elastic and oil absorbent characteristics bonded to a secondary layer having high temperature resistance and high strength characteristics. The two-ply fibrous base material, when impregnated with a suitable resin, provides a friction material exhibiting good friction and wear characteristics and is especially useful in high energy end use applications.

Abstract: Composition and process for the preparation of high temperature stable continuous glass fibers with an upper temperature use limit of 2300.degree. F. are provided. The compositional formulation, in mole percent, is 62-85% SiO.sub.2, 10-20% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 5-15% MgO, 0.5-5% TiO.sub.x, and 0-5% ZrO.sub.2. The continuous fibers are prepared by an economical direct melt method, and demonstrate high tensile strength, high Young's modulus, and low linear thermal shrinkage characteristics. Friction pads containing these high temperature stable continuous glass fibers are also provided.

Abstract: A friction pad for a brake assembly including a backing plate having attached to it a pad of friction material containing at least 50% by weight of a ceramic material present in the form of relatively coarse particles of diameter 0.3 mm to 4 mm and a synthetic resin binder, together with a minor amount of a graphite lubricant and a minor amount of a ceramic material in the form of relatively fine particles in the size range 1 to 30 microns.

Abstract: Provided is a pre-burnished brake pad that has been contacted with a heat source having a power in the range of 250 Mw/m.sup.2 to about 500 Mw/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A composite friction unit includes a three dimensional composite body formed of a substantially uniform array of predominately glass strands of primary reinforcing fibers in matrix of phenolic resin material, the reinforcing fibers distributed throughout the body in a predetermined uniform distribution and orientation, and a substantially uniform array and distribution of secondary fibers extending transverse to the primary fibers thereby forming a friction unit having a predetermined size and configuration and uniform distribution and alignment of fibers throughout.

Abstract: In a composite brake disc such as a carbon composite brake disc having reinforcement provided by layers of carbon fibre material, the drive region is provided with additional reinforcement to that of the friction region by laying or otherwise providing additional fibre reinforcement material substantially uniformly in the drive region.

Abstract: Multimaterial disk for high-energy braking comprising at least one ceramic or cermet facing.

Abstract: A coating for reducing brake pad noise is provided that includes about 40 to about 90% by weight of a phenolic thermosetting resin, about 1 to about 40% by weight of graphite, about 1 to about 40% by weight of molybdenum disulfide, and, 0 to about 40% by weight of fillers and pigments. The coating is applied to a brake pad and cured. A method for reducing brake noise is also provided which includes the steps of coating a brake pad surface with a coating including about 40 to about 90% by weight of a phenolic thermosetting resin, about 1 to about 40% by weight of graphite, about 1 to about 40% by weight of molybdenum disulfide, and 0 to about 40% by weight of fillers and pigments, and curing the coating.

Abstract: A fiber reinforcing mat is used proximate a through hole in an automotive structural element in order to reinforce the element in the area approximate the through hole. The fiber reinforcing mat is comprised of a warp having a plurality of radially extending loops and a weft which is woven through the loops in a spiral fashion. Since the weft is configured as a spiral, weft material is more dense in the area close to the through hole than in the area distal of the through hole. Consequently, the stiffness of the structural element decreases gradually in radial directions away from the through hole.

Abstract: A brake disk for an aircraft brake assembly, the assembly comprising a multi-disk stack of alternating stator and rotor brake disks wherein each disk is comprised of a carbon composite material and a specific volume of a phase change material is encapsulated within the core of the disk between its brake wear faces and distributed so as to function to enhance brake energy capacity in the operation of the brake assembly.

Abstract: In a method of making a carbon fibre preform such as for use in the manufacture of a friction disc a compressible body of carbon fibre or carbon fibre precursor material is acted upon by compressing means to compress the body to a required thickness and then operated upon by means such as a barbed needle-punch needle for a stitching thread which penetrates substantially the whole thickness of the body whereby the compressed preform may be removed from action by the compressing means in a free-standing and compressed state. If the method uses carbon fibre precursor material, that is then subjected to carbonization.

Abstract: A brake lining comprises a lining body defining a plurality of holes therein and a plurality of blocks made of certain material, each block disposed in a respective hole of the lining body, whereby, a coated layer is formed on the brake disk when the brake lining is urged against a brake disk to protect the surface of the brake disk from abrasion. The holes of the lining body can be circular and the blocks can be made to match the holes. In a preferred embodiment, the disposition of the holes is to extend along a friction path between the brake lining and the brake disk. Also the disposition of the holes is to stagger the holes at the edges thereof along the friction path between the brake lining and the brake disk.

Abstract: A friction brake subassembly is provided with a metallic backing plate element and with a friction material brake lining element integrally adhered to the backing plate element, the brake lining element friction material composition comprising friction material particles and an epoxy resin binder preferably in the approximate range of from 10% to 40% of the friction material composition total weight. Methods are disclosed for integrally bonding the brake lining element to the backing plate element.

Abstract: Composition and process for the preparation of high temperature stable continuous glass ceramic fibers with an upper temperature use limit of 2300.degree. F. are provided. The compositional formulation, in mole percent, is 62-85% SiO.sub.2, 9.5-20% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 5-15.5% MgO, 0.5-5% TiO.sub.x, and 0-5% ZrO.sub.2. The continuous fibers are prepared by an economical direct melt method, and demonstrate high tensile strength, high Young's modulus, and low linear thermal shrinkage characteristics.

Abstract: A friction lining (5) for a device which is cooled with fluid or lubricant and is intended for transferring torque, in particular a friction clutch, synchronizing element or brake, the friction lining being fastened on a carrier body (2) in order to form a friction surface (6) and the torque being transferred to a counter-surface, is constructed from at least two different layers, and in particular from at least one porous substrate (11, 11') which is fastened on the carrier body (2) and which is constructed like a composite material from a cellulose base with synthetic fibers and filler, and from a porous friction layer (12) which is fastened on the substrate (11,11') and is made of synthetic fibers, preferably carbon, which are bonded with a thermoset resin.

Abstract: A sliding unit for a brake comprising a disk and pads made of carbon-fiber reinforced carbon composite materials, characterized in that in evaluation by X-ray diffraction, the sliding surface of the disk to the pads has interplanar spacing of graphite's reflection (002) of disk d002.sub.(disk) of 3.37 .ANG.-3.43 .ANG., and intensity ratio I.sub.(disk) /Ic of 60-90, which is obtained by dividing the integrated intensity of graphite's reflection (002) of disk I.sub.(disk) by the integrated intensity of (113) of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as a reference material Ic; the sliding surface of the pads to the disk has interplanar spacing of graphite's reflection (002) of pad d002.sub.(pad) of 3.42 .ANG.-3.44 .ANG., and intensity ratio I.sub.(pad) /Ic of 45-75, which is obtained by dividing the integrated intensity of graphite's reflection (002) of pad I.sub.(pad) by the integrated intensity of (113) of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as a reference materials Ic, and d002.sub.(disk) <d002(.sub.(pad).

Abstract: A structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material adapted for high temperature brake use is disclosed as used for the entirety of components of a brake system and as brake pads which can be used in the normal manner for brake pads. Also disclosed is a method of integrally molding the brake pads to the surfaces of metal brake parts.

Abstract: A manual hoist and traction machine wherein an outer diameter of a first lining plate constituting a mechanical brake is made smaller than an inner diameter of a driven disc of a handwheel. The outer diameter of a second lining plate and of a driven disc are made smaller than an inner diameter of a cylindrical portion of a braking ratchet wheel, and the first and second lining plates are formed of a lining raw material having improved performance with a compressive strength of 15 (Kgf/mm.sup.2) or more and a maximum strain of 12 (10.sup.-3 mm/mm) or more.

Abstract: A brake shoe having a metallic support or backbone member with a brake pad formed of at least two portions, each of a separate compound or composition, with each compound pre-selected to effect a separate result for each of the pad portions. The portions are configured, arranged and dimensioned so that each (and all) pad portions have a braking surface in contact with the rim generally simultaneously. The partitioned brake pad is formed of different combinations of multi-rubber or elastomers, not a particular combination, to improve wet and dry braking with one pad or the same pad. The selection of multi-rubber or elastomers could be used to stop squealing and grabbing, while also giving the pad stopping power at the same time; or a different combination could be used in wet and dry conditions, or a combination of compounds may be utilized for different partitions for racing conditions, or the like.

Abstract: A friction member having a high frictional force, a small frictional force fluctuation and excellent wear resistance, which is composed of a substrate coated with a friction material comprising a phenolic resin, 5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material, of at least one heat-resistant fiber selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber and aromatic polyamide fiber, 10 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material, of a solid lubricant and 5 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material, of at least one wear resistant material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiC and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, and if necessary, 5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the friction material, of at least one soft organic compond selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing organic compound and a silicon-containing organic compound.

Abstract: An improved disc brake friction pad assembly is provided with a metallic backing plate element, a friction pad element, and a noise-dampening shim subassembly positioned intermediate the backing plate element and the friction pad element.

Abstract: In a conventional frictional force transmitting device used in a vacuum, a problem has arisen when the device performs a sliding action over a certain distance, that is, its frictional force suddenly drops, which makes it impossible for the device to fulfill a desired function of braking. The above-mentioned problem in the frictional force transmitting device used in a vacuum for performing the function of braking, transmitting a frictional force, and effecting acceleration or deceleration, can be solved by improving the device, that is, by means of making its two opposing frictional elements so as to be selectively pressed against each other, in which one of the frictional elements is made of metal or of non-metallic materials and the other made of organic frictional materials, wherein the one of the frictional element made of metal or nonmetallic materials has surface roughness coarser than 3 microns in maximum height(Rmax) and is coarser than the other made of organic frictional materials.

Abstract: A hybrid brake assembly is provided with both a resin-bonded metallic friction pad element and a resin-bonded non-asbestos, non-metallic friction pad element and hydraulic cylinder/piston elements for simultaneously actuating both friction pad elements in a vehicular braking operation.

Abstract: A composite friction unit includes a three dimensional composite body formed of a substantially uniform array of predominately glass strands of primary reinforcing fibers in matrix of phenolic resin material, the reinforcing fibers distributed throughout the body in a predetermined uniform distribution and orientation, and a substantially uniform array and distribution of secondary fibers extending transverse to the primary fibers thereby forming a friction unit having a predetermined size and configuration and uniform distribution and alignment of fibers throughout.