Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved clamping brake structure for a bicycle having dual roller brake elements. The elements may be made of natural or synthetic rubber. The roller-brake elements are attached to a cornered base iron structure, respectively and the brake structure is preferably mounted on the front wheel of a bicycle.

Abstract: Friction materials intended to be used as brake shoes, brake pads, and other brake components, comprising a composite in which one or more friction modifiers is embedded in a high strength cement matrix.The matrix material exhibits a flexural strength of at least 1,500 psi, a compressive strength of at least about 15,000 psi and a flexural modulus of about 1.times.10.sup.6 psi.

Abstract: A cap clip for a slot in a brake disc wherein a pair of circumferentially spaced cap clips are mounted on the peripheral edges of each circumferential slot. Each cap clip has an arcuate extension that seats into an arcuate recess in the bottom corner of each slot. Each cap clip also has side portions that functionally engage the annular sides of the brake disc and also may have a top portion and a front portion that seat on the periphery of the brake disc and the side wall of the slot respectively. The pair of cap clips in each slot are not interconnected but are separately retained in their positions in the slots. Such brake disc also may have one retainer located on the periphery of the brake disc between adjacent slots and retained therein by connection to the clips to reduce oxidation of the brake disc.

Abstract: A composition railway brake shoe including a composition body having friction material dispersed therein and a binder formed essentially from rubber and a thermosetting phenolic resin attachable to a metallic back plate. A backing strip is interposed between the back plate and the body and comprises a rubber binder having dispersed therein a high strength and temperature resistant aramid fiber. The back strip and body are molded in the presence of heat to the back plate.

Abstract: A porous, woven carbon fabric friction material is bonded to a solid substrate, such as a conical transmission synchronizer, with a high temperature thermosetting adhesive, such as a synthetic rubber-phenolic resin base adhesive. Prior to applying the adhesive, a thin layer of one surface of the friction material is removed, such as by contacting the surface with a band-type sander, to break through the pyrolytic carbon coating on the substantial portion of the carbon fibers. The adhesive is applied to the abraded surface of the friction material and/or a roughened surface on the solid substrate, the friction material is clamped to the solid substrate and the thus-assembled parts are heated to at least substantially cure the adhesive. Improved bonds between the adhesive and friction material are produced and a tendency for the adhesive to "bleed through" the pores of the friction material and migrate to the friction surface during curing is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A disc brake system for a shuttle orbiter including an annular disc element (10) having internal radially directed and angularly spaced relief slots (12) and trapezoidial shaped carbon pad members (15) disposed circumferentially around the disc element. T Clips (19, 19') snugly engage the outer ends of the pad members and are attached to rivet heads (34, 35) and (34', 35') and have guide members (51, 51') slidably received in guide grooves (50, 50') in a spring housing (20). Springs (61) provide a force tending to move the T Clips toward the center of the disc where the magnitude of the force can be adjusted by a screw (65).

Abstract: A vehicle component such as a transmission blocker ring (81) having an improved friction material (56) is provided. Friction material (56) comprises a composite of from about 25% to about 75% by weight of a flurocarbon polymer and from about 75% to about 25% by weight of substantially uniformly dispersed ceramic fiber and which is provided with controlled crystallinity by reason of having been cooled at a rate of less than about 20.degree. C. per minute after having been sintered at a predetermined sintering or annealing temperature and time for the friction material.

Abstract: A carbon-carbon composite friction disc is formed from two or more carbon-based structural components secured together by an interface layer which is not itself a structural member but is fusion-bonded to both of the structural components to secure them together. The interface layer may be of metallic material such as a brazing compound, or may be of non-metallic material such as pitch.

Abstract: A clutch disc equipped with an organic facing for light load and a cerametallic facing for heavy load which are arranged adjacently in a circumferential direction of a driven plate, characterized by that thickness of the cerametallic facing is made larger than that of the orgainc facing and at the same time a cushion is formed at a part on which the organic facing of said driven plate is lined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a poromeric article of manufacture comprising a felt sheet of fibers impregnated with microporous elastomer having a work surface, side surfaces joining the work surface and a support surface joining the side surfaces, wherein a majority of the fibers are oriented primarily transverse to the work surface such that the majority of fiber ends adjacent to the work surface form an angle of between about 45.degree. and about 135.degree. with respect to the work surface, and preferably, wherein the fibers have a uni-directional orientation substantially perpendicular to the work surface. The present invention also includes a plurality of such articles bonded together and oriented such that the work surfaces of adjacent articles are substantially coplanar to form a laminated article of manufacture. Further, processes for making the basic and laminated articles are set forth as other aspects of the invention.

Abstract: A frictionally engaging device, such as a disc brake, includes a first and a second friction element which engage one another as the device is operated to reduce the extent of and/or eliminate relative movement between these elements. The first element consists of an organically bonded friction material suffering relatively more pronounced wear, and the second element is made of a metallic material, especially iron, which suffers lesser wear in operation. The extent of wear of the first element is reduced by applying a coating of a particulate material, especially such deposited by high kinetic energy impacting of the particles, on the frictional surface of the second element which cooperates with the first element. The coating advantageously contains metals, such as cobalt, chromium and/or nickel, and/or metal carbides, especially those of tungsten and chromium.

Abstract: A brake lining, especially for vehicle drum brakes. The material of the brake lining includes a base in which are embedded oriented reinforcing fibers having a modulus of elasticity larger by at least one order of magnitude than the modulus of elasticity of the material of the brake lining. According to their lengths, at least 60% of the reinforcing fibers in the projection falling onto the plane normal to the axis of rotation enclose an angle alpha in the range between 20.degree. and 70.degree. with the normal of the frictional surface and more than 50% falling onto one side of the normal enclose an angle of 90.degree. minus alpha with the frictional motion vector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a locking differential (10) including an oil lubricated clutch assembly (18) having a plurality of interleaved friction discs (48, 50, 60, and 62) formed of steel and squeezed together to retard relative rotation of differential side gears (32 and 34). Adjacent friction discs have mutually facing friction surfaces. One of each mutually facing friction surface is defined by the metal forming the disc and the other surface is defined by a pyrolytic carbon composite friction material (78). In one form, the friction material includes a meshed cloth substrate formed of carbon fibers, which may be woven into a single layer of cloth, and a coating of carbon deposited on the fibers by chemical vapor deposition to a level forming a friction material having a relatively open mesh which is readily penetrated by an adhesive to improve bonding of the friction material to the discs.

Abstract: A friction element with a riveted friction lining, especially for highly stressed drum brakes, in which the mating surface (5) of the friction lining (2) to the lining carrier (1) and/or the opposing surface (6) of the lining carrier (1) to the friction layer (2) is provided with a multiplicity of particles (7) which are harder than the material of the opposing surface (6) of the lining carrier (1).

Abstract: Friction drag washers for the drag assemblies of fishing reels are provided. The washers are made of a phenolic fiber material which is impregnated under vacuum with oil or an oil and STP oil additive solution. The viscosity of the oil can be changed to accommodate the general conditions of intended use of the reel (i.e. high drag setting--high speed withdrawal--low viscosity oil). The impregnation of the washer affords a self-lubricating lifetime washer which does not need to be changed during the life of the reel. The impregnated washers are easier and quicker to install since they do not need to be greased as they are installed.

Abstract: An electromechanical friction clutch and brake unit is disclosed for actuating and stopping a rotating element for example, an actuating shaft of the needle of a sewing machine. The clutch and brake unit has inside it a plurality of friction elements which are mutually engageable in substantial contact, with the interposition of oil of suitable viscosity, and the friction elements are made at least partly of on oil-impregnated, sintered, metallic material, so as to form reservoirs capable of supplying the oil by means of capillarity.

Abstract: A procedure for manufacturing a brake block comprising a body (1) and a friction bit (5,6), wherein the friction bit is pressed fast to the body (1) with the aid of heat effect so that the central region (6) of the friction bit will be softer than the margins (5) of the friction bit. The friction bit is pressed so that upon the body (1) are placed two friction material courses (5,6) of different hardness material, the harder friction material against the body, whereafter the materials are pressed together and at the same time are pressed fast to the body in such manner that the harder friction material is freely allowed to flow into a widening in the lower part of the press. The harder friction material placed against the body will spread to the margins, whereby a friction bit is obtained which has a friction surface (6) with desired friction coefficient and harder margins (5), by which is prevented the ingress of abrasive foreign bodies in between the friction surface and the brake disk.

Abstract: The disc consists of a core (1), being a hub (3) surrounded by spokes (2), and friction pads in the form of annular sectors (8) having recesses (15, 16) in their inside backs (10) to cooperate with the spokes (2) in providing radial guidance and angular locking. Elastic means are provided for removably axially mounting the sectors on the core (1), which elastic means (19, 6) also serve to removably radially mount the sectors on the core.

Abstract: A brake system of a semi-metallic friction material and a braking component is characterized in that the friction material contains a metallic fiber and/or a metallic powder, a part or all of which has a lower hardness than that of the braking component.

Abstract: An improved brake mechanism for use with roller conveyors is provided. The brake mechanism comprises a brake plate, a brake shoe and a jack mechanism for biasing the brake plate and shoe into and out of braking orientation with conveyor rollers. The brake plate is generally flat and has two rigid extensions thereon. The brake shoe is a resilient, or elastic, loop of material which is stretched between the brake plate extensions and which is securely held thereon by resiliency of the brake shoe material. The brake shoe may be rapidly and easily mounted upon, or removed from, the brake plate without the use of special tools. Preferably, the brake shoe is manufactured from surgical tubing, which generally possesses sufficient resiliency for the application and which has a high enough coefficient of friction to be effective in braking conventional conveyor rollers.

Abstract: A friction band comprising an arcuate band or strap made of a filament-reinforced plastic material. The plastic material is preferably a thermosetting epoxy which provides a matrix in which are embedded or encapsulated a plurality of long-strand continuous filaments of glass or the like. The band is lined with a friction lining, and is reinforced by a fibrous bleeder cloth between the band and the friction lining. A special fixture applies tension to the band assembly to hold the filaments in tension during the curing of the plastic material forming the matrix of the band.

Abstract: Novel heat resistant heterogeneous thermosetting compositions of matter are described wherein one functionally useful thermosetting reinforced plastic friction material comprises a homogeneous continuous phase and another dissimilar functionally useful thermosetting reinforced plastic friction material comprises a second homogeneous phase dispersed heterogeneously as granules in random manner throughout the first phase, whereby a functional advantage is obtained over a simple homogeneous mixture of the two materials, throughout the life of the friction element.

Abstract: Porous wear facings formed of a nodular plated metallic coating are useful as friction elements in wet clutches and the like. The wear and friction characteristics of the wear elements may be further modified for particular applications by coating with phenolic resins, optionally including wear particles.

Abstract: A magnetic friction device for permitting one machine member to be moved relative to another by applying a predetermined force and for holding one member in a fixed position when the force is discontinued. One member is magnetically susceptible and has a smooth surface interfacing with but slightly spaced from a surface on the other member. The other member's surface has one or more recesses in which there are magnetic disks of a polymer impregnated with magnetic particles. The disks are attracted to the smooth surface to produce a design controlled predetermined frictional force.

Abstract: A method for using alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts as a coating for friction materials which during use contact, at least part of the time, rustable metals. The method comprises contacting the friction material with an aqueous solution comprising at least about 0.05 weight alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts being the reaction product of:(i) alkanolamine; and(ii) C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 carboxylic acid;and thereafter evaporating water from the aqueous coating on the friction material so as to leave the friction material with a coating comprising alkanolamine-carboxylic acid salts. Friction materials coated by above method are also claimed.

Abstract: An improved friction heater apparatus (10) comprises a thin walled metallic drum (25) sealed on both ends, having a centrally disposed axle (14) mounted therein, and a plurality of free floating friction elements (16) operatively associated with the axle (14), wherein the rotary motion of the axle will impart centrifugal force to the friction elements to radially displace the friction elements with respect to the axle, and into engagement with the wall of the metallic drum (25).

Abstract: A friction material made of a molded cork, a friction surface of which is covered with a liquid or semi-solid lubricant layer including a solid lubricant layer comprising a solid lubricant having a larger particle size and a solid lubricant having a smaller particle size and filling vacant spaces between the larger-sized solid lubricant in dense form, affords a long service life when used in a power controlling apparatus which can transmit power and/or change rotation speed by applying friction and using a friction material.

Abstract: A frictional lining (2) for a wet clutch or brake includes a resin-free wood with an average raw density in the dried condition (.delta. o) of at least about 550 kilograms per cubic meter, the fibers of the wood running substantially parallel to the frictional direction of the clutch or brake. Elm wood is particularly suitable.

Abstract: A friction brake disc assembly having a plurality of axially aligned annular shaped rotor discs splined for axial movement interleaved with annular stator discs which are splined for axial movement along a mating key member or members that are fixedly secured to a torque tube. The discs have a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots along the periphery, with inserts therein to transfer the load to the discs. The inserts have structural portions thereof extending along the outer annular surface of the discs for engagement by clips to retain the inserts within the slots. The clips are secured to spaced locations along the periphery of the discs to minimize the concentrations of any load transferred from the inserts to the discs.

Abstract: A friction brake assembly for use with axially aligned rotor brake discs that are interleaved with stator brake discs. The rotor discs have a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots along their inner periphery. The slots opposite side walls are beveled and are complimentarily engaged by the beveled legs of a U-shaped insert. The inserts transfer the load and stresses to the full beveled faces of the slots while held in place by overlying clips which are fastened to the discs.

Abstract: A brake disc of carbon-carbon composite material comprising a substrate of a mixture of carbon fibres of two very different ranges of length and embedded in a carbon matrix. The longer fibres are oriented and distributed randomly in planes approximately parallel to the friction surfaces of the disc, and the shorter fibres are oriented and distributed randomly in the volume of the disc. The brake discs according to the invention are useful in particular in the aviation field. They can be made by ultrasonically molding a mixture of the fibres and a suitable liquid, followed by heat treatment; or by chemical deposition of carbon from the vapor phase.

Abstract: A friction member of the resin mold type comprising brass fiber of 1-10 mm length having a trapezoid in cross figure thereof as a base material of the friction member, and a phenolic resin of cement composition, to obtain excellent qualities such as good durability at high temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a friction lining material, for use in brakes, clutches and other applications. The friction lining according to the invention contains mineral fibres, organic fibres, fillers and a binder. The organic fibres are at least partially composed of organic fibres of the crosslinkable fusible type, such as acrylic and/or modacrylic fibres. The lining formed in this way has excellent rubbing performance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A brake assembly comprising a spindle, two components having concave part-cylindrical bearing faces embracing a cylindrical portion of the spindle, and a housing accommodating the components and carrying an adjuster for urging the bearing faces of the components into engagement with the surface of said portion of the spindle. The bearing face of each component either comprises a single material or surface portions of different materials having relatively high and relatively low coefficients of friction so that when the bearing faces of the components are urged into engagement with the spindle they provide resistance to turning of the spindle while at the same time providing a low friction bearing for the spindle. The assembly may be incorporated in an exercising apparatus comprising a frame, a seat and a handlebar, the assembly being supported by the frame and the spindle carrying pedals to be turned by a user to rotate the spindle against resistance to turning of the spindle.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction lining with a cast iron mating surface. The friction lining has an iron powder base that reacts with tin to alloy and hold substantially equal weight percentages of graphite and coke in a fixed position. The friction lining has a substantially constant wear rate up to 300.degree. C. and a linear wear rate between 300.degree.-500.degree. C.

Abstract: Friction compositions consisting of aramid fibers bonded together with cured organic binders are disclosed. The compositions are particularly useful in the preparation of automotive clutch facings and brake linings.

Abstract: A clutch facing material including strings of asbestos to which are applied a mixture of cashew dust resin and graphite which is in turn mixed with cashew dust. The graphite is inseparably contained in the mixture of cashew dust resin and graphite and, in combination with the cashew dust, provides a clutch facing material showing a high frictional coefficient even at high temperatures.

Abstract: Fe-base sintered alloy friction materials containing 3 to 15% of bismuth of Bi-Pb alloy containing 5 to 100% bismuth, which provide very stable friction coefficient over a wide range from low temperature zones to high temperature zones, and very excellent wear resistance.

Abstract: An iron-based sintered sliding product having improved contact fitness and resistance to wear, in which 0.1 to 3 wt. % free graphite and Fe--P--C ternary alloy phase of hardness MHv 300 to 850 having over 3% to 20% of area are dispersed into an iron-based matrix containing either one selected from 0.1 to 1 wt. % Sn and 0.1 to 1 wt. % Zn, and 1 to 10 wt. % Cu and 0.3 to 1 wt. % C. As a modified embodiment of the present invention, an alloy containing Fe--Mo as a main component may be dispersed into the iron-based matrix in place of the aforesaid Fe--P--C ternary alloy phase. Said Fe--P--C ternary alloy phase may be prepared by mixing a single metal element, Fe, C and P into the powdered raw material of the iron-based matrix. Alternatively, said Fe--P--C ternary alloy phase may be prepared by mixing Fe--P--C alloy powder into the powdered raw material of the iron-based matrix.

Abstract: An exercising device for strengthening and developing the hand, wrist, forearm and pectoral muscles. The device includes an elongated rotating pin having a central portion with a circular cross-section and gripping portions located on either side of and coaxial with the central portion. The central portion is received by a clamping mechanism which is held stationary by a mounting apparatus. The clamping mechanism includes an adjustment for varying the frictional force exerted by the clamp on the rotating member. Further included is a laminated liner disposed between the clamping mechanism and the rotating member comprised of a layer of rubber and a layer of self-lubricating plastic.

Abstract: A composite structure such as an aircraft brake disc has a matrix material reinforced by knitted panels of fabric arranged in a stack. The panels are knitted directly into the desired disc shape so that there is no fabric waste, by knitting a helix of fabric on a flat-bed weft knitting machine having a patterning mechanism which allows shaping and a presser foot or sinkers to hold the knitting down on the needles. The helix of fabric can be closed down to constitute the stack of disc panels directly or it can be separated into discrete disc panels by knitting in draw threads connecting successive windings of the helix. The disc panels may be knitted from oxidised acrylic yarn and then heated to carbonise the yarn. A stack of carbon fibre fabric panels may be embedded in a carbon matrix by carbon vapor deposition to form a brake disc.

Abstract: A friction material comprising a carbon fiber reinforced carbon with an oxidation temperature of at least 800.degree. C. and a crystallinity index of matrix carbon of from 2.3 to 5.0, a process for the production of the same, and a friction element comprising the same.

Abstract: An asbestos-free gasket forming composition is disclosed. The composition is preferably produced by removing water from an aqueous furnish composition comprising phenolic fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, an inorganic or cork filler, a synthetic rubber binder, and a water insoluble hydroxide produced from a soluble salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salts, ferric salts and stannic salts, by reaction with a sufficient amount of an alkaline hydroxide to provide a furnish pH within the range of from about 6 to about 10, and preferably of from about 7 to 8.

Abstract: A friction member of improved resistance to wear comprising aramid fibers impregnated with and bonded together by means of a heat-curable cement containing a vulcanizable, rubber which may be carboxylated, a water-soluble, one-step phenolic-type resin and friction modifiers.

Abstract: According to the invention, a sintered iron-based friction material comprises copper, tin, graphite, pyroceramic, lead, and zinc sulphide, the ratio of the components expressed in percent by mass being as follows:copper: 1.5 to 3.0tin: 1.0 to 2.0zinc sulphide: 2.0 to 4.0graphite: 6.0 to 10.0pyroceramic: 2.0 to 5.0lead: 10.0 to 20.0the balance being iron.

Abstract: A clutch disc assembly including a pair of annular friction facings in the form of a truncated-conical shape adapted to be frictionally gripped and flattened between a flywheel and a pressure plate in the engage state, the friction facings being made of a composite material consisting essentially of asbestos fiber and thermoset resin and being arranged to be contiguous to the side-face of the flywheel at their inner peripheries and spaced apart from the flywheel at their outer peripheries in the disengaged state, the hardness of the inner periphery of the facing opposed to the flywheel being greater than that of its remaining portion, and the hardness of the outer periphery of the facing opposed to the pressure plate being greater than that of its remaining portion.

Abstract: Brake discs of carbon or other porous material in which the opposed faces of the discs are provided with shallow grooves extending between the inner and outer circumferences to vent steam and other gases generated during braking. The grooves of the stationary discs may be at different angles relative to the radii than are the grooves of the rotating discs.

Abstract: A friction material of the present invention is directed to secure a required value of an initial effect and the following effects after a friction hysteresis during a brake operation by adding 20-60 wt. % of a high carbon iron powder instead of a ceramic powder in the conventional friction material and also succeed in improving a wear resistance at a high temperature by further adding 0.5-10.5 wt. % of antimony trioxide as a flame retarding material.

Abstract: A friction member is a clutch facing, a brake pad, or a brake lining which comprises a phenolic fiber, a plated organic fiber, and/or mixed fiber thereof, which may or may not comprise the other fibers such as nonorganic fibers, as based material of the aforementioned friction member, wherein various difficulties of asbestos are improved.

Abstract: A brake pad or lining comprising a binder and a peroxidized fiber derived from an acrylic fiber said peroxidized fiber containing at least about 5 wt % bonded oxygen. The material has a relatively high coefficient of friction as well as good wear resistance and fade resistance and can be used in place of a conventional asbestos brake pad or lining.