Abstract: A skeleton member structure having a tubular structural member (11, 211) filled with granular materials for absorbing impact energy. The granular materials includes a granular material having a hollow portion (12a, 212a) or a porous granular material. When the skeleton member receives an impact, the granular materials are deformed or collapsed, and impact energy is stably absorbed. Since the granular materials are hollow or porous, the weight of the skeleton member filled with the granular materials is reduced.

Abstract: A steering column having a variable impact-absorbing structure includes an inner column tube, an outer column tube disposed at an outer circumferential part of the inner column tube, a guide fixed to an outer circumferential surface of the outer column tube, a strap having a deformable part fitted into the guide, a pin inserted through the strap and configured to be slidable into the guide, a solenoid that drives the pin, and a control unit that controls the solenoid. The steering column further includes a sensor that senses a state of a driver and outputs the sensing result to the control unit, wherein the strap comprises a plurality of parallel wires, one end of each wire being opened and the other end of each wire being connected to each other in a closed state, and a suspending end that is bent in a loop shape is formed on the closed end to enable the inner column tube to be suspended thereon.

Abstract: A shock absorbing structure of a two-wheeled vehicle capable of sufficiently absorbing shock and desirably maintain the steerability of the two-wheeled vehicle. The structure includes a shock absorbing member projecting from a front wheel, wherein the shock absorbing member is crashed when the vehicle collides with an obstacle so as to absorb shock. A ceiling wall of the shock absorbing member is located at such a position that the ceiling wall does not block a forward viewing area for a driver. A center of a leading end contact surface of the shock absorbing member is located at a position higher than a vertical position of a center of gravity G of both a motorcycle and the driver, and right and left side surfaces of the shock absorbing member are offset to a center of a vehicular body from right and left side surfaces of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A fluid relief device (40) is responsive to a sensor (38) for relieving the hydraulic fluid pressure in hydraulic line (30) in response to the crash conditions. A fuseable link (52) abuts the distal end of a shaft (46) and holds the piston (42) in the normal operating position until a crash where the fuseable link (52) is consumed or removed to allow movement of the shaft (46) and the piston (42) to the accumulator position to relieve pressure in the hydraulic system. A resilient curved leaf spring member (60) reacts between the cross beam (16) and the pedal arm (20) in the event of rearward movement of the pedal arm (20) out of the normal operating range due to a crash to limit movement of the pedal arm (20) toward the operator space. The resilient spring (60) and the fluid relief device (40) are reusable.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for the absorption of an impact, that system comprises a blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member. The blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member provides opposing first and second walls defining a hollow space; according to one embodiment, a plurality of fused and unfused recessed ribs integrally molded between the first and second walls. The fused recessed ribs have a fused recessed rib end. The fused recessed rib ends are integrally fused to either opposite recessed rib ends or the facing opposite wall at a welded surface such that the height of the recessed ribs from the first wall to the welded surface is about approximately 15.0 to 45.0 mm. The recessed ribs are, according to one embodiment, connected by a plurality of straight interlocking ribs.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for absorbing impact energy to a vehicle. The system provides first and second blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing members, each of the energy absorbing member having opposing first wall and a second walls, at least one rib disposed within each energy absorbing member, that rib being integrally molded from at least the first wall. Also provided is a joint whereby the rib attaches to the second wall such that the first and second energy absorbing members absorb an impact energy. The first and second energy absorbing members are aligned such that the impact energy is distributed between the energy absorbing members and is absorbed by the energy absorbing members.

Abstract: A load-limiting device has a mechanical structure designed to dissipate forces applied by a vehicle occupant to a safety belt during a crash. The load limiting device comprises a housing and a deformable member, at least one of which is configured for connection to a vehicle safety belt and the other of which is configured for connection to a structural part of a vehicle. The housing and the deformable member are moveable relative to each other when force is applied to the one of those members. The housing supports a hardened member formed of a material which is harder than the deformable member and which is positioned to engage and deform the deformable member as the deformable member is being moved relative to the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for absorbing energy includes first and second steering column members connected for sliding movement. A first anvil is associated with one of the first and second steering column members and an energy absorbing member is provided having a first portion that extends around and operable to be drawn over the first anvil in response to the sliding movement between the first and second steering column members. A dead loop is formed in the energy absorbing member between its mounting location and the first anvil and is operative to enable the dead loop to straighten in response to application of an applied force prior to movement of the energy absorbing member across the first anvil.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for the absorption of an impact, that system comprises a blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member. The blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member provides opposing first and second walls defining a hollow space; according to one embodiment, a plurality of fused and unfused recessed ribs integrally molded between the first and second walls. The fused recessed ribs have a fused recessed rib end. The fused recessed rib ends are integrally fused to either opposite recessed rib ends or the facing opposite wall at a welded surface such that the height of the recessed ribs from the first wall to the welded surface is about approximately 15.0 to 45.0 mm. The recessed ribs are, according to one embodiment, connected by a plurality of straight interlocking ribs.

Abstract: An energy absorber comprises a helically coiled stores of at least partially yielding material that is drawn over a roller, or two rollers on perpendicular rotational axes, and securely fixed to a base that is attached to fragile structure such as a roof so that when an external force of sufficient size is applied to the roller or rollers through a connecting attachment eye the coil together with roller or rollers moves away from the attachment to the base whilst the coiled material is deployed over the roller or rollers. The absorber may be housed in a casing that is fixed to the base such that the strength of the fixing to the base is sufficient to withstand a pre-determined load after which the fixing fails and the housing moves with the coiled store providing protection for both the coiled store and fragile structure.

Abstract: A crash cushion system to envelop at least one bridge pier. The system has two impact heads, one facing one traffic flow direction and the other facing an opposite traffic flow direction. The heads are connected to multi-stage box beam energy absorbers which are in turn connected to a tubular frame structure which envelops the bridge piers. The frame is spaced apart from the face of the pier sufficiently to avoid an impacting vehicle's snagging the frame and contacting the pier structure. Anchorage cables to stiffen and support the sides of the envelope are positioned inside the frame's parallelogram shape.

Abstract: An end splice assembly for a box-beam guardrail and terminal system having a first stage rail element and a second stage rail element. The assembly has two major connecting components. Upper and lower bent plate channels and upper and lower channel splice plates. The channels and plates have side walls which extend laterally to one another when the two rail elements are mated. The channels and plates are fastened together to provide moment strength to the splice within the system.

Abstract: An impact absorbing type steering column apparatus provided with a collision energy absorbing device for absorbing an energy of a secondary collision of an occupant upon a collision of a vehicle comprises an energy absorption quantity adjusting device for changing a secondary collision energy absorption quantity of the collision energy absorbing device, at least one sensor for detecting a condition of the occupant or the vehicle, and electric control device for controlling a drive of the energy absorption quantity adjusting device on the basis of a result of detection by the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to devices and methods for absorbing kinetic energy. In particular, the present device is well suited for use in an automobile door, where it can be positioned for the purpose of absorbing the energy of a side-impact collision. In one embodiment, the device includes a first mass, a shell, and a plate, with the shell being disposed between the mass and plate. Both the first mass and shell are preferably constructed from deformable materials, allowing them to absorb energy during an impact. By absorbing the energy through deformation, the present device reduces the amount of energy that is transmitted through the door and thus reduces the amount of energy that may be transmitted to the occupants of the vehicle.

Abstract: A damping device used for motor vehicle safety, for damping the displacement of at least one part set in motion during a collision between a motor vehicle and an external object, the part being, for example, a bumper, a steering column or a bonnet of a motor vehicle, the device comprising an actuator that is able to displace a piston and is characterized in that it includes a wire having one end connected to a fixed portion of the vehicle, the actuator, which is secured to the part to be damped, interacting with the wire in order to retard and then stop the part.

Abstract: Vibration damper comprising a damping medium-filled pressure tube, in which a displacer is installed, where a damping device produces a damping force as a function of the movement of the displacer. A damping force-limiting device, independently of the flow of the damping medium, becomes active above a certain damping force threshold value, which is defined as a function of the vehicle. At least a partial section of the force-limiting device is connected in a fixed manner to the pressure tube below the damping force threshold value and travels an operating distance which is associated with a change in the volume of the pressure tube when the force threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: An energy-absorbing structure is provided, which comprises two generally parallel metal sheets arranged to receive an impacting force against the uppermost sheet and cooperatively prevent an object supported by the uppermost sheet from impacting a basal surface. One metal sheet may be fabricated from expanded metal for its non-isotropic shock-absorbing properties. The other metal sheet may be fabricated from a non-elastic material and arranged to be supported by pins inserted through holes along the perimeter of the sheet, so that when an impacting force is applied, it will resist the force until the force is sufficiently strong so as to shear the pins through the sheet and abruptly release, thus allowing the metal sheet fabricated from expanded metal to absorb the remainder of the impacting force. The invention may find application in vehicles operating in the air, land, or sea.

Abstract: Device and method for forming the device are provided. The device is exposed to vibration events from time-to-time and includes at least one component assembled therein. The device includes a spool including a bore defined by an inner section of the spool. The inner section that defines the bore may be configured to receive that component. The device further includes a rib situated on the inner section near an entrance to the bore. The rib may extend about the periphery of the bore entrance. The rib is configured to provide a tight interference-fit upon assembly of the component into the bore, and thus avoid vibration-induced effects between the inner section of the spool and the component therein.

Abstract: An impact absorber for a vehicle includes an outer body including a cavity having an axis, and an inner body situated partially within the cavity for relative movement into the cavity when the absorber is subjected to an impact. The inner body has at least one lateral protrusion. A number of deformable units are located in the outer body at different positions along the cavity. The deformable units partially protrude into the cavity for successive engagements and deformations, one unit after another unit, along the cavity, by the protrusion of the inner body moving into the outer body, thereby absorbing the energy of an impact in different stages. Each deformable unit includes a rigid ball protruding into the cavity and a deformable plate fixed behind the ball.

Abstract: A mounting for a power unit for motor vehicles, comprises a support and a support plate fixed thereto, which may be detached in the case of a collision, whereby the support plate is connected to the support in a number of places. A power unit mounting may be achieved which guarantees a steady deceleration, whereby a separating device is provided, which separates the support plate from the support. The separating device can be a part of the support plate or fixed thereto and is forced between support plate and support in the case of a collision.

Abstract: A shock absorbing structure for a vehicle, including resin bodies spaced apart from each other, and at least one connecting body each connecting adjacent resin bodies. Each connecting body includes first and second connecting members which are made of a synthetic resin material having flexibility. Each of the connecting members connects the adjacent resin bodies such that each first connecting member and each second connecting member corresponding to each first connecting member are spaced apart from each other in a direction intersecting a direction in which the resin bodies are spaced apart from each other. At least one of the first connecting members and at least one of the second connecting members includes at least one curved/bent portion which is flexible in a plane perpendicular to a shock-receiving direction in which a shock is to be primarily applied to the resin bodies.

Abstract: To prevent a shock absorbing material mounted on a vehicle body from collapsing or being scattered under the shock at the time of a collision. The four sides of a shock absorbing material formed of a foamed material are surrounded by a bellows form cover consisting of four corrugated plates inclusive of corrugated plates. Under an external force due to collision, the bellows is folded and contracted easily, but is difficult to be deformed in the width directions. Therefore, the shock absorbing material receives the energy upon collision in its initial shape, so that the energy is absorbed substantially by the compression of the shock absorbing material. Accordingly, it suffices to design a set load for the shock absorbing material by taking into account only the shock absorbing material, so that it is easy to design the shape, material and the like of the shock absorbing material.

Abstract: A load-limiting device has a mechanical structure designed to dissipate forces applied by a vehicle occupant to a safety belt during a crash. The load limiting device comprises a housing and a deformable member, at least one of which is configured for connection to a vehicle safety belt and the other of which is configured for connection to a structural part of a vehicle. The housing and the deformable member are moveable relative to each other when force is applied to the one of those members. The housing supports a hardened member formed of a material which is harder than the deformable member and which is positioned to engage and deform the deformable member as the deformable member is being moved relative to the housing.

Abstract: An impact damper for deceleration of a vehicle impacting on all obstacle by hydraulic damping forces and gas spring forces includes at least inner and outer pipes telescopically displaceable one inside the other and defining an annular space therebetween with a base closing one end of the inner pipe. A dividing piston is sealingly guided in the inner pipe. The inner pipe, the base, and the dividing piston define a gas space which holds gas under pressure. The inner pipe further defines a first liquid space separated from the gas space by the dividing piston. An intermediate wall is fastened to the inner pipe and includes a throttle opening therethrough connecting a second liquid space to the first liquid space. The annular space between the first and second pipes has one end sealed to the atmosphere and another end sealed by the intermediate wall. The annular space is connected to the second liquid space by a flow connection having a valve.

Abstract: A shock absorbing apparatus and method includes a shaft travelling north and south within a tube. The tube is positioned south of a sucker rod. The shaft has a piston head coupled at a south end thereof, which piston head is received in an area of reduced diameter with the shaft. North pores and south pores permit the movement of fluid into and out of the interior of the tube, in response to the northward/southward movement of the piston head. Fluid entering through the pores provides a shock absorbing effect on both the upstroke and the downstroke. The shock absorbing effect on the upstroke can be rapidly eliminated and an upward shock force generated, through the shearing of a shear pin that maintains a bushing in position on the shaft, restricting northward travel of the piston head.

Abstract: A shock absorber as being of a bumper supporting member and a shock absorber as being of a side member, which retain the sinking motion of a smaller-diameter tube portion into a larger-diameter tube portion even if an impact is applied at a larger angle obliquely of an axial direction, thereby to achieve the absorption of the impact energy by a plastic deformation. A plastically deformable straight tube is partially reduced or partially enlarged to form a smaller-diameter tube portion and a larger-diameter tube portion, which join to each other through a step portion. The step portion is formed by joining a folded-back portion of the smaller-diameter tube portion and a folded-back portion of the larger-diameter tube portion, which have circular arc-shaped sections having arcuate angles more than 90 degrees.

Abstract: The deformation element (1) of a rail-borne vehicle is disposed in the region of at least one deformation zone (3) located on the end side of the vehicle, wherein the deformation element (1) is formed as a tubular hollow box (6) with at least one sidewall (9) of the deformation element (1) being formed with a polygonal cross-section comprises an inwardly directed indentation (4), wherein the indentation (4) is provided on the longitudinal-side end region of the deformation element (1) remote from the rail-borne vehicle underframe (2).

Abstract: A crash cushion including a side portion extending in a longitudinal direction and having an outer surface defined at least in part by a plurality of convex cambered portions. At least one deflector skin has an inner surface, an outer surface, a leading edge and a trailing edge. The deflector skin is mounted to the outer surface of the side portion in an overlying relationship with at least one of the convex cambered portions.

Abstract: An energy absorbing frame joint that resists axial loads to predefined level so that when a load greater than the predefined level is applied, the joint permanently and visibly deforms. This visible deformation is caused by connectors ripping through at least one member to which they are connected when an axial load is applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake pedal push-prevention structure of a vehicle. The structure has an active stopper formed between an upper steering shaft and a universal joint of a lower steering shaft. The active stopper is positioned in front of the brake pedal to prevent the brake pedal from being pushed toward the driver during a car crash, thereby potentially reducing injury to the driver's leg and improving the safety of the vehicle.

Abstract: A steering column mounting system that includes a mounting bracket fixedly attached to a steering column and at least one pull strap made of a resiliently bendable material, the pull strap having a first leg with a slot through which extends a fastener fixedly attached to a motor vehicle structure and having a free second leg substantially parallel to the first leg. The pull strap has at least two portions having different widths. The widths of the portions of the pull strap may be selected so as to provide a predetermined amount of resiliency to the unwinding of the pull straps. The widths of the portions of the pull strap may also be selected so as to provide differing amounts of resiliency at different stages of the unwinding of the pull straps. A support frame is attached to the mounting bracket and maintains the first leg and the second leg of the pull strap substantially parallel relative to each other.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a brace apparatus having a core member configured to absorb energy generated by seismic or other forces by undergoing plastic deformation. A buckling restraining assembly is included for maintaining the structural integrity of the brace after the core member has undergone plastic deformation. The buckling restraining assembly includes one or more bearings is located proximal the core member. The bearings are adapted to minimize friction between the core member and the buckling restraining apparatus. An air gap is positioned between the core member and the one or more bearings of the buckling restraining apparatus are adapted to prevent bonding of the core member and buckling restraining assembly. Projections are included in the core member of the brace apparatus to minimize movement of the middle portion of the core member relative to the buckling restraining assembly.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprising a first collapsible shock absorbing part and a second shock absorbing part adapted to be compressed in an axial direction thereof inclined outward in the width direction of a vehicle. The first shock absorbing part has a structure of a basin-like truncated conical shape having a bead integrally formed therewith. The direction of the transmission of an impact force F is corrected by utilizing this first shock absorbing part to an axial direction of the second shock absorbing part, and the second shock absorbing part is thereby compressed in the axial direction without inclining the second shock absorbing part.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for the absorption of an impact, that system comprises a blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member. The blow molded thermoplastic energy absorbing member provides opposing first and second walls defining a hollow space; according to one embodiment, a plurality of fused and unfused recessed ribs integrally molded between the first and second walls. The fused recessed ribs have a fused recessed rib end. The fused recessed rib ends are integrally fused to either opposite recessed rib ends or the facing opposite wall at a welded surface such that the height of the recessed ribs from the first wall to the welded surface is about approximately 15.0 to 45.0 mm. The recessed ribs are, according to one embodiment, connected by a plurality of straight interlocking ribs.

Abstract: An earthquake shock damper includes two positioning plates, two fixing plates and multiple energy absorbing plates securely sandwiched between the two positioning plates and having the two fixing plates extending out in different directions. Each energy absorbing plate has a mediate portion with a width smaller than that of two distal ends of the energy absorbing plate so that deformation of the energy absorbing plate is able to smoothly absorb energy from the earthquake.

Abstract: A child seat device is formed of a base to be placed on a seat of a car, a child seat body placed on the base, and a connecting member for connecting a rear bottom of the child seat body to a fixed portion. The connecting member increases a length thereof while absorbing a kinetic energy of the child seat body when a tension higher than a predetermined value is applied thereto from the child seat body.

Abstract: An energy absorbing device includes a plastically deformable metal strap for resisting the collapse of a steering column. The strap is initially deformable into one or more V-shaped wave formations by anvils to increase the energy required to advance the strap, thereby increasing the resistance to collapse of the steering column. One of the anvils may be removed to eliminate one of the wave formations and thereby reduce the amount of resistance to collapse of the steering column. Alternatively, the position of an anvil may be varied to vary the shape of a wave configuration from a deep V to a shallow V.

Abstract: An energy absorber comprising a base and a plurality of recesses extending from the base. At least some of the plurality of recesses have a rim, a first wall extending between the base and the rim, a first floor, and a second wall extending between the rim and the first floor. At least some of the plurality of recesses are oriented such that their first and second walls are inclined respectively at angles alpha and beta to a major incident component of the impacting force, where alpha and beta lie between 1 and 45 degrees.

Abstract: An active energy absorbing system including a steering column housing movable on a collapse stroke. An energy absorbing device is mounted on the steering column housing and exerts a resistance force against the movement of the steering column housing along its collapse stroke. The energy absorbing device includes a base unit having an adjustable deforming member disposed within. A deformable strap is also housed by the base unit and is attached at one end to a vehicle structure. The deformable strap engages the adjustable deforming member. An actuator is associated with the base unit and adjusts the adjustable deforming member. A spring attachment member is associated with the base unit and includes an adjustment portion that engages the adjustable deforming member and provides for movement of the adjustable deforming member to vary the total active surface area engaging the deformable strap.

Abstract: A shock damper includes a damper body installed in the frame of a structure and adapted to absorb earthquake shocks, and braces adapted to support the damper body in the frame of the structure, the damper body having a horizontal top plate, a horizontal bottom plate, and a vertical connecting device connected between the horizontal top plate and the horizontal bottom plate, the connecting device being a shaft formed of any of a variety of cross sections, or a plurality of plates of any of a variety of profiles.

Abstract: A shock absorbing structure for a vehicle, including (a) a plurality of main bodies each made of a resin and including a lateral wall that extends substantially in a shock-receiving direction in which a shock is to be primarily applied to the shock absorbing structure, and (b) at least one connecting body each made of a resin and connecting adjacent ones of the main bodies. Each of the at least one connecting body includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. The first connecting portion has a shape configured to be deformable more easily in a perpendicular direction that is perpendicular to the shock-receiving direction, than in a parallel direction that is parallel to the shock-receiving direction. The second connecting portion has a shape configured to be deformable more easily in the parallel direction than in the perpendicular direction.

Abstract: A vibration isolation device is disclosed. More specifically the vibration isolation device of the present invention comprises a fuse for decreasing the mount stiffness when loads above a threshold load value are applied to the device. The fuse for decreasing the mount stiffness comprises a shear pin with shear locations that comprise annular grooves with semielliptical cross sections.

Abstract: An integral self-leveling gas shock strut with dual spring rates as a structural load support between a vehicle chassis and wheel. When the vehicle is driving at an inclined longitudinal pitch a gravity sensitive device within the strut governs a pilot valve which opens to allow a pressure input signal from strut piston compression deflection to close a high flow volume slave valve located between primary and secondary volumetric chambers, trapping gases within the primary chamber to provide a hard spring rate for the strut mounted on the vehicle's downhill side. Contrarily, a similar valve sequence in a companion strut mounted on the vehicle's uphill side opens gas flow communication to combine its primary and secondary chamber volumes, thus providing a soft spring rate and consequent leveling effect of the vehicle using only the pumping action of the strut pistons as a power source, requiring neither external power nor inputs.

Abstract: An energy absorbing module 10 including a plurality of cells 12, 112 with each cell 12, 112 including a first step wall 22 and 122 horizontally interconnecting first 16, 116 and second 18, 118 walls and having a greater thickness than the second wall 18, 118 for assuring collapse of the second wall 18, 118 before collapse the first wall 16, 116 in response to a force applied to the second wall 18, 118. Likewise, a second step wall 24 and 124 horizontally interconnects the second wall 18, 118 and a third wall 20, 120 and has a greater thickness than the first step wall 22 and 122 for assuring collapse of the third wall 20, 120 before collapse of the second wall 18, 118 in response to a force applied to the third wall 20, 120.

Abstract: A composite modular energy absorbing assembly with one or more gamma structures 100 that are interposed with one or more delta structures 200. The gamma structures have a base 12′ and a plurality of recesses 16′ defined therewithin. The recesses 16′ have at least one wall 20′ extending from the associated base 12′. At least some of the recesses 16′ are oriented such that their walls are substantially parallel to a major incident component of an impacting force. The walls 20′ collapse. The delta structures 200 have a lattice 210 of interconnected strands which intersect to define a plurality of cells 220. The plane of at least some of these cells are substantially parallel to the impacting force. The lattice collapses during energy absorption. The composite assembly serves to decelerate an object that impacts thereupon in order to maximize energy absorption over a given distance.

Abstract: A linear pretensioning drive for tightening a vehicle seat belt has a guide tube. A piston is located inside of the guide tube and can be driven along a longitudinal axis of the guide tube. A reverse movement lock is formed by balls that are arranged on a ring around the longitudinal axis of the guide tube. In the drive direction in front of the reverse movement lock at least one support part is provided which lies against the inner wall of the guide tube in the locking position with in each case a greater supporting surface than each ball of the reverse movement lock.

Abstract: A steering column damper for a power-driven vehicle comprises a jacket tube with a central longitudinal axis; a sliding tube displaceably guided in the jacket tube; a steering shaft, which is mounted for pivotability about the central longitudinal axis relative to the sliding tube and/or the jacket tube and guided through the jacket tube and the sliding tube; at least one working area, which is disposed between the jacket tube and the sliding tube and filled with a damping medium; at least one working-area-volume reduction unit, which is connected with the sliding tube, reducing the volume of the at least one working area upon insertion of the sliding tube into the jacket tube; at least one aperture which opens the at least one working area to ambience for discharge of the damping medium from the respective working area; a closing element for blocking the at least one aperture; and a triggering unit for controllable release of the respective closing element.

Abstract: A corrugated ribbon assembly for absorbing energy from an impact. The assembly includes a corrugated ribbon that is embedded in a stabilizing foam. The corrugated ribbon has two sides that define an energy absorbing wall which extends between a first impact edge of the ribbon and a second impact edge of the ribbon. The wall undergoes buckling to absorb energy when the first or second edge is impacted in a direction that is substantially parallel to the wall. The foam provides structural support for the ribbon during buckling thereof.

Abstract: In a method of making a steel crossbeam for use as component of a bumper for motor vehicles, a composite element is formed by attaching sheet metal strips in parallel disposition onto a broadside of a steel sheet strand across an entire length thereof, whereby the sheet metal strips have a width which is narrower than a width of the steel sheet strand. The composite element is then shaped through roll-forming in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the composite element into a crossbeam.

Abstract: The present invention is an impact energy absorption member that is characterized by comprising a long member of fiber reinforced resin having a lengthwise direction and a thickness direction, wherein the ratio of the thickness t (mm) of the long member to the length L (mm) thereof is within the range of 1/11000 to 6/1000 as well as the direction of an external force is substantially in agreement with the thickness direction of the impact member. The member of the present invention sufficiently absorbs impact energy from a moving body when collision occurs and greatly increases safety to collision of transportation equipment, for example, a motor car and the like as well as is light in weight and compact, whereby the member can improve resistance against environment and saves energy. Further, when this member is applied to a house and a building against which the transportation equipment may collide, it can reduce the loss of social properties.