Abstract: The power shift for vehicles has clutches and brakes in the form of multi-disc clutches which consist of disc sets; instead of the multi-disc brake for the reverse drive range, a form-locking clutch such as a disc synchronization is provided which in engaged state transmits the retaining torque via form locking and in disengaged state is freely rotatable and thus free of loss.

Abstract: A synchronized gear shift mechanism is provided for a marine propulsion system. Using a hub and a sleeve that are axially movable relative to an output shaft but rotationally fixed to the shaft and to each other, the gear shift mechanism uses associated friction surfaces to bring the output shaft up to a speed that is synchronism with the selected forward or reverse gear prior to mating associated gear tooth surfaces together to transmit torque from an input shaft to an output shaft. The friction surfaces on the forward and reverse gears can be replaceable to facilitate repair after the friction surfaces experience wear.

Abstract: A dual clutch forward/reverse unit includes a pair of spring engaged clutch units and a pair of lifter pins, each pin operable to disengage a corresponding one of the clutches. An actuator mechanism for the forward/reverse unit includes a housing, a shaft rotatably mounted in the housing, and a hollow cylindrical sleeve rotatably mounted on the shaft. The shaft and the sleeve are operatively coupled to the lifter pins. The shaft has a pair of cam surfaces formed on an outer periphery thereof. The sleeve has a pair of openings through which the cam surfaces are exposed. A pair of lifters are pivotally supported in the housing. Each lifter has one side engaging a corresponding one of the lifter pins, and has another part engagable with one of the cam surfaces through a corresponding one of the openings. Each cam surface is thus operatively coupled to one of the lifter pins by a lifter.

Abstract: A thread cutter, particularly a reversing chuck with a spindle which can be pulled out, has pressure equalizing pipelines which discharge into an equalizing chamber which is sealed from the outside air by a movable wall.

Abstract: A control system for an engine transmission provided with a coupling mechanism for engaging or disengaging coupling of the transmission. The control system has one or more valves movable between two positions for controlling engagement and disengagement of the coupling mechanism. The valves are connected to an automatic control unit which has an intermittent signal supply trigger for supplying an intermittent pulsed signal to the valves, thereby providing an intermittent movement of the valves between the two positions.

Abstract: A magnetic flux path mechanism for a solenoid actuated device includes a stationary coil for generating lines of magnetic flux when energized, a stationary case enclosing the stationary coil on an outside perimeter of the coil, and a rotatable sleeve disposed on an inside perimeter of the stationary coil. A magnetic flux path is provided through the stationary case and rotatable sleeve about the stationary coil. In a preferred embodiment, a wrap spring is disposed on an output shaft of the solenoid actuated device and is normally engaged on its outside perimeter with the inside perimeter of the rotatable sleeve. The rotatable sleeve is continuously driven in a forward direction and, because of the self engaging wrap spring, drives the output shaft in the forward direction. The sleeve is of an iron composition as it forms part of the core of the solenoid for enabling the magnetic flux.

Abstract: A power transfer device for an inboard/outboard motor which includes a propeller unit mounted on the hull of a vessel, the propeller unit including an input shaft for drive connection to an output shaft of the inboard/outboard motor, an intermediate shaft connected to a propeller shaft, a hydraulic clutch provided on the input shaft to establish a drive power train between the input shaft and intermediate shaft when it has been engaged and to disconnect the input shaft from the intermediate shaft when it has been disengaged, and a changeover mechanism of the gear selection type disposed between the input shaft and intermediate shaft for switching over the drive power train from a forward drive to a backward drive or vice versa.

Abstract: A marine drive shift mechanism includes a shift ring (200) having a chamfer zone (204) along an arcuate portion of its outer circumference facilitating ease of shifting. A stepped camming surface (222) provides step function shifting movement. Neutral positioning notches (238, 240) are provided on the clutch sleeve (18) to improve clutch sleeve (18) placement when the shift mechanism is in neutral.

Abstract: Reversing gears for boats, comprising an angle gear with two gears (4,5) which are rotatably mounted on a secondary shaft (8) and are alternately lockable to the shaft by means of a clutch sleeve (11). The clutch sleeve has exterior clutch cones (12,13), which are coated with a surface coating of chemical nickel which has been impregnated and coated with a fluoroplastic layer and then been heat-treated. The rotatably mounted gears (4,5) have interior clutch cones (14, 15) of tempered steel.

Abstract: A reversing transmission for marine propulsion units or the like. The reversing transmission includes a multiple disc clutch assembly that is cooperative with a pair of bevel gear and clutch assemblies. These bevel gear and clutch assemblies are made up of a two-part construction each comprised of a bevel gear and a tubular sleeve that is affixed to the bevel gear and which carries a series of clutch plates. A clutch actuating piston is also incorporated that has a tapered end face so as to improve and make smoother the clutch engagement.

Abstract: A self-reversing tapping attachment comprises a housing including a tap holding spindle member, a forward drive member and a reverse drive member the latter two members being interchangeable with one another; at least one internal removable fastener with external access, and a base member detachably mountable on the housing, unfastening of the at least one internal fastener and the base member permitting removal of the drive members and the tap holding spindle member from the housing. A method for disassembly includes the steps of unfastening the base member, gaining access to the internal fasteners, unfastening them, and pulling out the tap spindle member.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method and an arrangement for implementation of that method for obtaining safer and quicker upshifts while maintaining gear change comfort, using computer-assisted systems for gear change in mechanical gearboxes in motor vehicles, preferably without clutch disengagement between engine and gearbox. In connection with upshift, an exhaust brake is activated, (EB.sub.on) at time t.sub.1 in parallel with the fuel (FUEL) to the engine being reduced to zero quantity. The engine speed n.sub.2 is thereby reduced more quickly to the speed n.sub.1 which is the synchronous engine speed for the next higher gear. The speed reduction is monitored with a view to achieving rapid engine speed bracketing to synchronous speed, and also good gear change smoothness and safe gear engagement. The exhaust brake switch-off point EB.sub.off at time t.sub.2 is adjusted adaptively for subsequent upshift by a connection factor EBA.sub.

Abstract: An oil dam coupling for connecting an output shaft of a transmission arrangement to an input shaft of a pump assembly. The oil dam coupling includes a first member splined to the output shaft and a second member splined to the input shaft. The first member has an end plate which forms a cavity and retains oil within the cavity. The second member engages the first member within the cavity. The oil interacting between the first member and the second member within the cavity will reduce torsional wrap of the output shaft and reduce noise.

Abstract: A reverse gear for boats, comprising a bevel gear transmission with two gears (4,5) rotatably mounted on a secondary shaft (8) and alternately engageable with the shaft by means of an engaging sleeve (11). The engaging sleeve is made of bronze and has outer engaging cones (12,13), which are coated with a surface layer of molybdenum. The rotatably mounted gears (4,5) have inner engaging cones (14,15) of case hardened steel. The molybdenum layer need be only about 0.1 mm thick and, contrary to molybdenum coatings on steel inner engaging cones of the prior art, need not be worked after deposition.

Abstract: A clutch for a gearbox comprises an input shaft (2) and an output shaft (3) on each of which pairs of gearwheels (4-9, 13-16) are mounted. The shaft (2, 3) or a clamping roller support (43) mounted on and entrained by the latter has clamping surfaces (17) around its periphery. Clamping rollers (10) are arranged between the clamping surfaces (17) and the inner surfaces (18) of the gearwheels (8, 9, 13-16). Shifter rods (20) arranged on a gear shifting plate (21) project into the spaces between the clamping rollers (10). The gear shifting plate (21) is entrained by first springs (35) on the associated shaft (2, 3) into a first relative position with respect to the shaft and can be displaced against the force of the springs (35) by a sliding piece (39 or 44) into a second relative position with respect to the shaft (2, 3). The sliding pieces (39, 44) are disposed on a synchronizer sleeve (37) mounted on a synchronizing assembly (27, 27', 27") on the shaft (2, 3).

Abstract: Transmission for a single engine drive for dual concentric propellers in a straight or V-drive arrangement with the straight-drive including four shafts and nine gears and the V-drive adding two more shafts and four more gears.

Abstract: A drive transmission system for a vessel propelling equipment 1 provided with a clutch operating device that can easily be installed comprises a shift slider 40 axially slidable within a propeller shaft 9 to move a clutch gear 30 through a clutch shifter pin 38 inserted through the propeller shaft; and an operating member capable of operating the shifts slider from above a gear case 5; the operating member includes: a shift fork 50 engaged with 9 fork engaging portion 35c of the shift slider, to move the shift slider; a guide member 59 supporting the shift fork movable in a specific direction; a rotary rod member 55 engaged with a rod engaging section 50b of the shift fork to move the shift fork; and a support member 51 drivably supporting the rod member and fixedly supporting the guide member, thereby sub-assembling the rod member and the guide member to transmit the operation of the rod member to the shift fork; the shift fork is so assembled to be engaged with the fork engaging section of the shift slider

Abstract: A solenoid operated actuator mechanism for positioning a shift fork in a double clutch arrangement for use in a transmission includes a pair of solenoid actuators operatively connected to a shaft that is fixed to the shift fork for positioning the shift fork in a neutral position when the solenoid actuators are de-energized and for positioning the shaft and shift fork selectively in a forward or reverse location if one or the other of the solenoids are energized. The invention includes a first embodiment where the shaft is fixed to the shift fork and to one end of a solenoid core element and wherein the forward and reverse solenoid assemblies are located on one side of the shaft; a second embodiment includes a shaft having end portions forming solenoid core elements.

Abstract: The present invention is a type of coasting device for a vehicle provided between a half shaft and a drive hub with external threads. A forward running ring and a rearward running ring, each with a truncated conical shaped surface, are mounted on the threaded section of the drive hub. An outer casing is coaxially provided at the outer circumference of the drive hub, the internal tapered surfaces of the casting matching the external truncated conical shaped surfaces of the two rings to form an overrunning clutch and a self-locking device. Thus, the inertial energy of vehicles can be sufficiently utilized, the release of harmful emissions from engines reduced, the wear of machine parts decreased and the driver's labor eased.

Abstract: A control system for controlling change speed gearing (A) of a vehicle for transmitting output of an engine (1) in varied speeds to wheels. This system has a first clutch mechanism mounted in a drive transmitting line between the engine and the change speed gearing, the first clutch mechanism including two hydraulically operable clutches (5, 6) for forward drive and backward drive, and a backward-forward changeover valve (32) for selectively operating the two clutches; a second clutch mechanism mounted in a drive transmitting line between the change speed gearing and the wheels, the second clutch mechanism including a quick operating clutch (19) for quickly making and breaking drive transmission, and a clutch control valve (26) for controlling the quick operating clutch; actuators (T1, T2) for shifting the change speed gearing; and a control unit (30) operatively connected to the backward-forward changeover valve, clutch control valve and actuators.

Abstract: A shifting mechanism for an outboard drive of a watercraft provides a simple and compact transmission, as well as streamlines a lower unit of the outboard drive to reduce fluidic drag. The shifting mechanism is located on a drive train generally aligned along a vertical axis and above a propulsion shaft of the lower unit. The drive train includes a rotatable input shaft which is driven by a motor. The transmission of the shifting mechanism, which is located above a cavitation plate of the housing of the outboard drive, selectively couples the input shaft and a drive shaft. The drive shaft in turn is coupled to the propulsion shaft. The transmission includes a clutch which is slidably connected to the drive shaft to move along the vertical axis into and out of direct engagement with the input shaft.

Abstract: A vibratory compactor includes a frame which carries a soil compacting plate, and a drive mechanism such as a gasoline engine, is mounted on the frame and has a rotatable drive shaft. A pair of eccentricly weighted shafts are mounted for rotation on the frame and the weights are in the same phase relation on the shafts. The drive shaft carries a pair of pulleys and single belt connects the pair of pulleys on the drive shaft to pulleys on the eccentric shafts. The drive shaft is connected to the drive shaft pulleys through a centrifugal clutch, which acts to selectively connect the drive shaft to one or the other of the drive shaft pulleys to thereby effect forward and reverse travel of the compactor plate of the compactor over the terrain.

Abstract: A tapping attachment for use in connection with radial tapping comprises a tap spindle member rotatable in a tapping direction, a driven part engageable with a driving part from a power source in a different direction from the tapping direction, a forward drive member engageable with the tap spindle member to drive the tap spindle member in the tapping direction, a reverse drive member engageable with the tap spindle to drive it in a direction opposite to the tapping direction, means for transmitting drive to the forward drive member and the reverse drive member and engageable with the driven part for receiving drive and with the tap spindle member.

Abstract: The invention relates to torque transmission device which is manually controlled in response to a differential in rotational velocity between a shaft and an actuating plate mounted on the shaft. The device acts as a deadman brake, clutch and/or as a power assist for various mechanically driven manually controlled devices. The device comprises a shaft having a longitudinal axis, forward and rearward ends. An input plate journalled to rotate, under motive force, about the axis at a position longitudinally fixed and forward relative to the shaft. A forward clutch plate is mounted for rotation with the shaft and reciprocating longitudinal motion on the shaft rearward of the input plate. An actuating plate is mounted on the shaft rearward of the forward clutch plate. The shaft and actuating plate interact with threads to move the actuating plate longitudinally relative to the shaft in response to a differential in rotational velocity between the shaft and actuating plate.

Abstract: A threading apparatus has a rotatable and axially movable driving part, a driven part which is axially displaceable relative to the driving part and adapted for driving a threading tool, a switchable form-locking coupling device including a switching member connected with the driven part and provided with coupling members and at least one coupling part driven by the driving part and having coupling elements. The driven part with the switching member and the at least one coupling part are axially relatively displaceable so that the at least one coupling part with the coupling elements is positionable with the coupling members in form-locking coupling engagement with the driven part or in a not driven intermediate position. The switching member is connected with the driven part in an axially not-displaceable manner and coupled form-lockingly in a circumferential direction and drives the driven part.

Abstract: In self-reversing tapping attachments improved ball drive means are connectable to source of rotational drive and drive transmitting means are engagable, with the drive means including at least one driving ball member and with the drive transmitting means defining at least one slot for the ball member, which slot includes a ramp section inclined so that upon engagement between the drive means and the ball member the latter travels upwardly thereby cushioning impact between the drive means and the drive transmitting means. A radially extending member on a tap holder member has a radius of curvature less than the radius of curvature of contact members of the drive transmitting means to cushion impact.

Abstract: A tapping attachment for driving a tapping spindle constructed to be adapted for both direct drive and reverse drive of the spindle. The drive of the spindle is by way of a resiliently mounted dog ring having rigid radially extending drive dogs, extending radially outwardly and inwardly from a drive ring. The driving dogs are rigid, having slanting sides to accommodate clutching engagement and disengagement. Clutching engagement and disengagement occur as a result of relative axial movement as between the attachment and the drive spindle. The drive spindle has a central bore in which is provided an insert member having an axial bore which is connected to a flexible tube within the bore of the spindle, which accommodates relative axial movement, the flexible tube communicating with a similar bore in a tap itself. These bores provide a channel for continuously supplying coolant to the machine and to the spindle itself.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decelerating a marine propulsion system during an emergency stop maneuver is provided. In order to achieve a faster reversal of the direction of rotation of a propeller shaft an engine brake is activated before switching the three shaft birotatory reduction gear system in order to decelerate the engaged and rotating gear system parts effectively. Only when the rotation of the gear system parts has been reduced to a predetermined number of revolutions the gear system is switched to the reversed direction of rotation by a control switch on the bridge so that the propeller shaft is rotating in the reversed direction of rotation and subsequently the number of revolutions of the combustion engine is increased to full load. The emergency stop maneuver may be performed in a very short period of time with the proposed method. The apparatus comprises a motor brake having a throttle valve eccentrically supported in the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine.

Abstract: A marine propulsion device comprising a lower unit including a gearcase, a propeller shaft mounted in the gearcase for rotation about a generally horizontal fore and aft axis and having an axially extending forwardly opening bore, a shift shaft including a rearward portion located in the bore, a forward portion, and structure for connecting the forward portion to the rearward portion to effect common axial movement of the forward and rearward portions in both directions along the fore and aft axis, a shift lever supported by the lower unit for rotary movement about a horizontal axis transverse to the fore and aft axis, being adapted to be connected to a vertically shiftable link to thereby rock the lever about the transverse horizontal axis, and including a leg, and structure for connecting the leg to the forward portion of the shift shaft to effect movement of the forward portion of the shift shaft in both directions along the fore and aft axis in response to rotary shift lever movement, one of the structure

Abstract: A transmission comprising a change speed mechanism and a differential housed in a transmission case. The change speed mechanism includes drive gears mounted on a transmission shaft, and driven gears meshed with drive gears. The differential includes a differential case having elongated axle-bearing bosses extending to inside walls of the transmission case. The driven gears are mounted on one of the elongated bosses to be rotatable therewith. The differential case is supported by rear wheel axles extending through the transmission case and the elongated bosses.

Abstract: A self-reversing tapping attachment employing dog drive includes driver means with at least one drive element for driving engagement with at least one dogging element on drive transmitting means, the dogging element and drive element being such that engagement between them is over an area greater than a point and further includes a drive spindle member for carrying a tap having at least one drive component for engagement with a dogging element on the drive transmitting means, the driver elements and dogging elements providing minimum interference between forward and reverse drive.

Abstract: A reversing clutch mechanism (10) for use in a transmission (12) of the type having a continuously rotating input shaft (52) and a rotatable output shaft (20). A pair of friction clutches (48, 50) are rotatably disposed on the output shaft (20) and are continuously driven in opposite reverse and forward rotational directions by gears (54, 58) and sprockets (60, 62) associated with the input shaft (52). A double friction cope (94) is helically splined on the output shaft (20) and moveable toward and away from the friction clutches (48, 50) for selective frictional engagement with either friction clutch (48 or 50) to cause the output shaft (20) to rotate in either a forward or reverse rotational direction. The double cone (94) includes a peripheral shifting groove (112) having oppositely inclined side walls (114) which cooperate with a shifting pin (120) disposed in the groove (112) to disengage the double cone (94) and the friction clutch ( 48 or 50).

Abstract: An internal thread forming apparatus includes a housing body fixed on a machine tool, a driving spindle connected to the rotatable main shaft of the machine tool and rotatable at the same speed as that of the main shaft, a movable body movable vertically within the housing body, a rotary lever actuatable to move the movable body downward, and a first return spring biasing the rotary lever to return to a static position. A positive-revolution driving body and a reverse-revolution driving body are carried on and are movable synchronously with the movable body, and rotate in opposite directions. A speed reduction gearing interconnects the driving spindle and the face gears so as to rotate the face gears at a speed less than that of the driving spindle. An output spindle is mounted slidably within the movable body. A tap is fastened to the output spindle. A driving block is carried on the output spindle.

Abstract: A jaw clutch coupling mechanism in which spline grooves serving as ball drop-in portions of the clutch are provided with a semi-spherical ball support recess to be engaged with a steel ball by way of linear or surface contact for enhancing the strength of the jaw clutch. A stopper is provided in the shift lever link mechanism to hold the shift lever securely in the forward, neutral or reverse position, and a shock absorber is provided in association with the shifter arm of the jaw clutch to dampen the shocks of engagement of the clutch, ensuring a better feeling in shift lever operations.

Abstract: A marine reduction gearbox, or transmission, is provided with variably engageable clutches connected in torque transmitting relation between a prime mover and a propeller shaft. These variably engageable clutches permit the prime mover to be connected to the propeller shaft in partial torque transmitting association. One advantage of this type of apparatus is that the prime mover can be partially loaded during crash reversal procedures while the propeller shaft is still and inhibited from rotating by the action of a brake. This preloading of the prime mover while at idle speed increases the power output of the prime mover and prepares it for an eventual connection to a rotatable propeller shaft with the brake disengaged or partially disengaged. This procedure prevents the stalling of the prime mover, especially when the prime mover is a high break mean effective pressure engine.

Abstract: A mechanical clutch is provided to selectively interconnect a forward or reverse gear member to a transmission shaft. The clutch is operated by a servo piston and fork structure. The servo piston is slidably disposed in a housing and urged in the forward select position by a spring. The housing and servo piston cooperate to define two fluid chambers which are maintained in a separated condition when the forward select position is established. One chamber is in fluid communication with a fluid system that is controlled to provide fluid at two distinct pressure levels, depending upon various vehicle operating parameters. The other chamber is connected with a selectively engageable fluid operated friction clutch which is effective to assist in establishing at least the reverse drive ratio within the transmission. The lowest level of fluid pressure in the one chamber is not sufficient to cause the piston to overcome the spring force and thereby move the clutch to the reverse select position.

Abstract: A marine propulsion device comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on the transom of a boat, a first gear rotatably supported by the housing and adapted to be drivingly connected to a propeller, a pump, and a second gear which is driven by the first gear and which is drivingly connected solely to the pump.

Abstract: A marine propulsion forward, neutral, reverse transmission incorporating a single spring for yieldably cushioning the shifting into either forward or reverse. Various embodiments of detent mechanisms and spring locations are illustrated as is an arrangement for providing a different spring loading in one direction from the opposite direction.

Abstract: A double clutch arrangement for use in a transmission or other place where mechanical clutch is desired that has a high torque capacity and small engagement and disengagement forces at the shift lever. The clutch arrrangement is utilized on the output shaft of a two-position clutch having forward and reverse gears and includes a ball screw actuated clutch mechanism positioned between the shaft and an externally actuated encompassing shift collar in combination with a friction clutch mechanism. The friction clutch mechanism comprises either a pair of clutch friction packs positioned between the shift collar and the forward and reverse gears or a pair of cone clutches therebetween. Initial actuation of the forward or reverse friction pack or cone clutch will initiate the ball screw clutch mechanism to lock up the clutch in either direction.

Abstract: To the end of eliminating the problems arising from substantially rigid connection between a front wheel set and a rear wheel set in a four-wheel drive vehicle, there is provided a power transmission system in which a speed-dependent power transmission device is provided between the front wheel set and the rear wheel set so that both the wheel sets are substantially rigidly connected to each other in a low speed range and rotational power is transmitted only from the front wheel set to the rear wheel set in a high speed range.

Abstract: A sewing machine with a pair of feed wheels which clamp a workpiece therebetween to transport the workpiece, the sewing machine comprising first and second feed shafts each of which have a clutch portion at an end thereof in opposition to each other and a group of gears disposed between these feed shafts for rotating the second shaft in the direction reverse to the rotational direction of the first shaft. The direction of transportation of the workpiece is changed by means of a clutch having a portion which selectively contacts the clutch portion of either the first or second feed wheel.

Abstract: A clutch control for a multi-speed vehicle transmission having operator selected, hydraulically operatable clutches for the shifting of direction and speed includes a valve means which automatically engages a higher and a lower speed clutch in sequence when a direction shift is made. If the direction is shifted while the transmission is shifted to a lower speed range the next higher speed clutch will be momentarily engaged before the lower speed clutch is engaged.

Abstract: A control system for a selector mechanism for a vehicle provided with a clutch and a continuously variable transmission having operational ranges such as a driving range and a reverse range. A synchronizer is provided for selecting either of forward and reverse gears. A hydraulic actuator is provided to respond to the operation of a selector lever for operating the synchronizer for the selection of the ranges. A shift switch is provided to produce a shift signal when the synchronizer engages with a selected gear. A control unit is provided to respond to the shift signal to engage the clutch after the engagement of the synchronizer.

Abstract: Clutching device particularly adapted for use in tapping attachments. The clutch is of the type having axial aligned driving and driven elements. The invention is illustrated in a reversible tapping attachment. In a preferred form the driving element is in the form of a sleeve having axial splines. The driven element has axial grooves. A ball retainer with angularly spaced balls provides for drive between the drive element and the driven element, the balls being engageable with the axial splines and with the axial grooves in the driven element. The improvement resides in that the axial grooves are not of the same width as the diameter of the balls but are of a width greater than the diameter of the balls, the width being preferably twice the diameter of the balls. Improved operation is realized in clutching and declutching and in the transfer through a neutral zone from direct drive to reverse drive. In the preferred embodiment the tapping attachment is of the free-axial float type.

Abstract: The invention provides a marine propulsion device having a lower unit including a power transmission mechanism comprising a bevel gear having a first clutch element, a propeller shaft having a second clutch element and mounted for rotational movement and for axial movement between a neutral position and an engaged position with the propeller shaft clutch element in driven engagement with the first clutch element, a collar mounted on the propeller shaft for common movement therewith and for axial movement relative to the propeller shaft and into a frictional driving engagement with the bevel gear to effect rotation of the propeller shaft at a rate less than the rotational rate of the bevel gear, and a spring biasing the propeller shaft to the neutral position, the spring being overcome to afford movement of the propeller shaft to the drive position in response to propeller shaft rotation.

Abstract: A power transmission system for a four-wheel drive vehicle has front and rear wheel driving power transmission systems for transmitting the output of a transmission. A forward overrunning clutch and a reverse overrunning clutch are provided in one of the power transmission systems. One of the overrunning clutches can be selected in accordance with the operation of a driver of the vehicle. The overrunning clutch operates to transmit the power to corresponding wheels and to allow the selected wheels to rotate faster than the other wheels. A locking device is provided for locking both overrunning clutches.

Abstract: A power transmission system for a four-wheel drive vehicle has, for the front and rear wheels, a driving power transmitting system for transmitting the output of a transmission with a forward overrunning clutch and a reverse overrunning clutch. Either or both of the overrunning clutches are engaged with a sleeve of a selecting device. An outer race of each overrunning clutch has outer toothings on the periphery thereof and the sleeve has inner toothings. Each inner toothing of the selecting device has chamfers on both axial ends thereof, and each outer toothing has a chamfer on an end opposing the inner toothing. Opposed chamfers of the inner and outer toothings have an angle so that a component in a free rotational direction of the outer toothing is produced by the engagement of the chamfer of the inner toothing.

Abstract: Several embodiments of outboard drive units of inboard-outboard drives that employ a friction clutch separate from the forward, reverse transmission. In each embodiment, the friction clutch is contained within the outer housing of the outboard drive and is hydraulically actuated by a pump, motor arrangement that is also contained within the outer housing of the outboard drive unit.

Abstract: A transmission includes a forward shift drum and an overlying and coaxial reverse shift drum. The drums are rotatable, but not longitudinally translatable with respect to each other. The drums each include lead grooves for guiding a shift fork pin therealong in portions of the grooves which overlap and intersect each other. When one of the lead grooves guides the shift fork pin into a gear position, the other lead groove serves as a stop, so that unintentional engagement of remaining gears with the drive shaft is prevented without the use of a separate special lock mechanism.

Abstract: A freewheel device with freewheeling and locking effect in both directions of rotation can be produced easily and inexpensively by the use of conventional sprags designed for use in uni-directional freewheel devices. Two sets of sprags are provided between the inner and the outer raceway of the device, one for each direction of rotation. The sprags are spring loaded for taking positions in which they do not contact one raceway, and a cage which is braked during rotation is provided to be brought in rotation by the sprags and thereby influence the sprags against the spring force to taking a position in which they contact both raceways, the two sets of sprags being alternately engaged or disengaged depending on the direction or rotation of the device.