Abstract: A helmet for a goalie is described herein. The helmet includes a head protective outer shell, a chin cup support bracket, and a shock membrane. The head protective outer shell defines an interior space. The head protective outer shell includes an exterior portion and in interior portion. The exterior portion includes an exterior lower section and an exterior upper section. The exterior upper section is curved. The interior portion is opposite the exterior portion. The interior portion includes an interior lower section and an interior upper section. The chin cup support bracket is secured to the interior lower section. The chin cup support bracket includes dual arm members configured to interface with a removable chin cup. The shock membrane is coupled with the interior upper section. The shock membrane includes a honeycomb design adapted to match a curvature of the exterior upper section and the interior upper section.

Abstract: A personal sanitizing device includes an eyewear frame and one or more UV-C sources attached to a lower edge of the eyewear frame for directing UV-C energy in a downward direction from the eyewear frame. The one or more UV-C sources are configured for sanitizing air in proximity of a mouth and/or a nose of a wearer of the personal sanitizing device. The personal sanitizing device also includes a battery configured for powering the one or more UV-C sources.

Abstract: Novel and advantageous masks and helmets to protect an athlete's head and face from impacts and injuries. In particular, the present disclosure relates to novel and advantageous masks and helmets to help protect a baseball or softball catcher's face and head from concussive forces of an incoming ball strike. A mask of the present disclosure may be coupled to a helmet, or may be configured for use without a helmet in some embodiments. The mask may provide a generally cone-shaped structure in front of a wearer's face, so as to provide an angled surface for contact with an incoming ball. Additionally, a shock absorbing material may be provided at an interface between the helmet and mask to reduce and distribute force transfer between the mask and the helmet.

Abstract: A helmet includes a helmet body and a clip coupled to the helmet body, for retaining a helmet accessory such as a face cage. The clip comprises a first clip section partly defining an aperture into which a part of the helmet accessory can be received and a second clip section located opposite the first clip section. The second clip section has a first end and a second end, the first end partly defining the aperture into which the part of the helmet accessory can be received, and the second end being coupled to the helmet body. The second clip section further includes a ramped surface that can be depressed to provide access to or from the aperture by the part of the helmet accessory. Also disclosed is a clip for retaining a helmet accessory.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a wearable air cleaner where an air cleaning device is incorporated into a hat. The air cleaning device includes a fan unit to pull air through the device. The air cleaning device also includes ultraviolet light to disinfect the air and pushes the disinfected air in front of the wearer for breathing.

Abstract: A face shield for use with protective headgear can be shipped flat and easily assembled from a kit of parts without the use of tools or adhesives. The face shield protects against disease, aerosols and splatter that may contain pathogens; may include a curved lower perimeter to facilitate head movements, and can be taken on and off easily.

Abstract: A protective non-helmeted single molded facemask for sports includes a frame structure formed of a polycarbonate polymer that is structured and configured to engage a user's forehead, side and cheek facial structure and chin. An arrangement of vertical and horizontal bars in the central and lower portion of the face area of the facemask protect the users nose and mouth from direct contact with external objects, and particularly softballs, soccer balls, floor hockey sticks and pucks and field hockey sticks and balls. Upper and lower straps extend from slotted openings on the sides of the facemask and are positioned and arranged to extend around the lower back of the wearer's head to secure the facemask on the wearer's head. The facemask is designed to also significantly reduce the effective impact forces to the wearer's brain.

Abstract: A helmet is provided having one or more layers of foam forming a first helmet shell nested inside a second helmet shell. Left and right circular ear openings are positioned on opposing sides of the first helmet shell and on opposing sides of the second helmet shell. A faceguard is attached to the first and second ear opening at opposing sides of the second helmet shell and a right ear hole anchor and a left ear hole anchor, each have an inside surface and an outside surface. One each of the ear hole anchors attach to the first and second circular ear openings of the second helmet shell at their inside surface and a first end of the faceguard attaches to the outside surface of the right ear hole anchor and a second end of the faceguard attaches to the outside surface of the left ear hole anchor.

Abstract: A helmet includes a shell having an interior surface, a padding disposed along the interior surface of the shell, and a chinbar. The padding defines a first engagement surface positioned at a first lateral side of the padding and a second engagement surface positioned at an opposing second lateral side of the padding. The chinbar includes a cage, a first flange, and a second flange. The cage includes a first end defining a third engagement surface and a second end defining a fourth engagement surface. The third engagement surface interfaces with the first engagement surface and the fourth engagement surface interfaces with the second engagement surface. The first flange extends from the first end of the cage. The second flange extends from the second end of the cage. The first flange and the second flange of the chinbar are embedded within the padding.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides generally for a particle guard system and apparatus. The system may comprise temples, shield, and nose bridge. A particle guard may prevent or limit aspiration from entering the user's external environment via shield that covers the nose and mouth. The particle guard may comprise interchangeable components for personalization and various utility. The temples and the nose bridge may be available in various colors and styles for customization of the particle guard. The particle guard may possess attachments for various utility. Temples may comprise integrated attachments. For example, temples may contain a wireless signal device for external communication. The particle guard may comprise a sanitation system. Where the system includes external covering, shield may interface with the external covering via opening in the external covering.

Abstract: The protective sports helmet disclosed herein including a crown energy attenuation assembly positioned within a crown region of the helmet shell and includes: a first energy attenuation element with a plurality of sidewalls arranged to form a hexagonal housing, wherein a first sidewall has a substantially planar configuration; a second energy attenuation element with a plurality of sidewalls arranged to form a hexagonal housing, wherein a first sidewall has a substantially planar configuration; and, a third energy attenuation element with a plurality of sidewalls that are arranged to form a hexagonal housing. A first crown gap is formed between the first and second energy attenuation elements. A second crown gap is formed between the second and third energy attenuation elements. A third crown gap is formed between an extent of the third and first energy attenuation elements.

Abstract: A protective non-helmeted single molded facemask for sports includes a frame structure formed of a polycarbonate polymer and an integrally molded rigid eye shield formed of a transparent polycarbonate polymer composition. The peripheral frame structure is structured and configured to engage a user's forehead, side and cheek facial structure and chin. An arrangement of vertical and horizontal bars in the lower portion of the face area of the facemask are structured and configured to protect the users nose and mouth from direct contact with external objects, while the rigid eye shield on the upper face area of the facemask protects the users eyes from direct impact and contact with external objects. Upper and lower straps extend from slotted openings on the sides of the facemask and are positioned and arranged to extend around the lower back of the wearer's head to secure the facemask on the wearer's head.

Abstract: A protective non-helmeted single molded facemask for sports includes a frame structure formed of a polycarbonate polymer and an integrally molded rigid eye shield formed of a transparent polycarbonate polymer composition. The peripheral frame structure is structured and configured to engage a user's forehead, side and cheek facial structure and chin. An arrangement of vertical and horizontal bars in the lower portion of the face area of the facemask are structured and configured to protect the users nose and mouth from direct contact with external objects, while the rigid eye shield on the upper face area of the facemask protects the users eyes from direct impact and contact with external objects. Upper and lower straps extend from slotted openings on the sides of the facemask and are positioned and arranged to extend around the lower back of the wearer's head to secure the facemask on the wearer's head.

Abstract: A facemask for a helmet has a lower facemask section with a plurality of guard bars extending across and down the facemask section. A plurality of frame members has internal slotting, each of the frame members being attached to more than one of the plurality of guard bars extending across and down the lower facemask section. A transparent shield is located within the internal slotting of each of the frame members and the shields are fixedly secured within the slotting. The shields provide protection from outside impact to the lower part of the face of a wearer.

Abstract: A protective non-helmeted single molded facemask for sports includes a frame structure formed of a polycarbonate polymer and an integrally molded rigid eye shield formed of a transparent polycarbonate polymer composition. The peripheral frame structure is structured and configured to engage a user's forehead, side and cheek facial structure and chin. An arrangement of vertical and horizontal bars in the lower portion of the face area of the facemask are structured and configured to protect the users nose and mouth from direct contact with external objects, while the rigid eye shield on the upper face area of the facemask protects the users eyes from direct impact and contact with external objects. Upper and lower straps extend from slotted openings on the sides of the facemask and are positioned and arranged to extend around the lower back of the wearer's head to secure the facemask on the wearer's head.

Abstract: A chin guard positioning assembly connects a helmet body and a chin guard to each other. The helmet body provides a certain space to allow a user's head to be inserted thereinto and the position of the chin guard is allowed to be moved from a protective position to an open position. The chin guard positioning assembly includes a movable base part in which a position thereof is moved together with the chin guard. A fixed base part is connected to the helmet body and connected to the movable base part to serve as a reference for the movement of the position of the movable base part. A fixed magnetic force part is fixed to the fixed base part. A movable magnetic force part is fixed to the movable base part to fix the movable base part to a first position or a second position.

Abstract: Face coverings that protect the facial T-Zone region (i.e., eyes, nose, and mouth) from airborne transmission of infectious and other harmful particles are disclosed. The face coverings disclosed herein are designed to attach to the temples, frames, and/or the bridge of eyewear, which provides protection for the eyes of the wearer and dispenses of the need to adjust straps traditionally found on face masks. The face coverings may be converted to different configurations depending on the amount of protection and comfort desired by the wearer. For example, the face coverings disclosed herein can convert from a free-hanging position to a more protective configuration in which the mask conforms closely to the face of the wearer.

Abstract: A face shield for use with protective headgear can be shipped flat and easily assembled from a kit of parts without the use of tools or adhesives. The face shield protects against disease, aerosols and splatter that may contain pathogens; may include a curved lower perimeter to facilitate head movements, and can be taken on and off easily.

Abstract: A unique attachment mechanism to connect a facemask to a helmet is described. This attachment mechanism uses a polymer urethane visco-elastic, or similar, material to absorb impact forces on the facemask to minimize injury for the person using the helmet. In some embodiments, a spring and bearing mechanism is used in conjunction with the polymer urethane visco-elastic material to further absorb forces. In another embodiment, a polymer urethane visco-elastic grommet on a screw is used for an upper attachment of the mask to the helmet, and a larger polymer urethane visco-elastic structure with an internal spring is used as the lower attachment between the helmet and the mask. In still another embodiment, the connection between the helmet and the mast is a U shaped structure with a flat spring enclosed.

Abstract: A face mask includes an outer layer, an inner layer, and a filter. The outer layer includes an outer front guard constructed from a light-transmissive material and an outer filtering surface extending posteriorly from the outer front guard that includes at least one outer air hole. The inner layer is nestled within the outer layer. The inner layer includes an inner front guard constructed from a light-transmissive material and separated from the outer front guard by a buffer space. The inner layer also includes an inner filtering surface extending posteriorly from the inner front guard that includes at least one inner air hole. A filter is positioned between the outer filtering surface and the inner filtering surface and covers the at least one outer air hole and the at least one inner air hole.

Abstract: A shade attachment for sunglasses; the shade attachment includes a shade body, and a looped-section defining a sleeve having a first opening and a second opening configured to receive and retain arms of the sunglasses. The shade attachment for sunglasses is useful for providing shade and preventing sun exposure to the neck, head and facial area of the user.

Abstract: A helmet assembly may include a helmet and an integrated chinbar. The chinbar may include an attachment portion and the helmet may include a docking frame. Coupling together of the attachment portion to the docking frame may couple the chinbar to the helmet. The attachment portion may then be secured to docking frame to secure the chinbar to the helmet. In certain embodiments, the attachment portion may be coupled to the docking frame of an interior side of the liner. Thus, the attachment portion may accordingly be disposed on the side of the liner closer to a wearer's face.

Abstract: A protective sports helmet that includes a chin strap system that allows for rapid, one-handed adjustment of a chin strap assembly by the player while he/she is wearing the helmet is provided. The chin strap assembly includes a protective chin cup and a pair of straps extending from opposed sides of the chin cup and having a plurality of securing elements. The assembly also includes a pair of adjustable connectors affixed to the helmet and that include a central opening that receives an extent of the strap and a lever that engages a portion of the securing elements. The adjustable connector allows movement of the strap in a first direction, and prevents movement of the strap in a second direction when the lever is engaged with at least one of the securing elements. The adjustable connector allows movement of the strap in both the first and second directions when the lever is not engaged with the securing elements.

Abstract: Plural contact pieces of a shaft member, which is mounted to a helmet main body, abut a cam surface that is formed at a hole portion provided in a proximal end portion of a chin guard. When the chin guard is rotated from a fully closed position to a fully open position with respect to the helmet main body, at least one of the contact pieces abuts an anchor surface, and, simultaneously, at least another one contact piece fits into a concave portion, and, due thereto, the chin guard is fixed with respect to the helmet main body.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a face shield for the protection of user's eyes and face in case there s accidental exposure to infectious, hazardous, and undesired substances, chemicals, powders, liquid spray, aerosols, and particles. More specifically, the invention refers to a protective barrier for workers in the health industry, laboratory personnel, dentists, dermatologists, beauty parlors, spas, dialysis clinics, tattoo artists, janitorial personnel, artists, and workshops of varying types, for protection against accidental exposure to infectious and/or hazardous and potentially toxic materials, as well as harmful airborne particles.

Abstract: A face mask is a face shield and head strap comprising two layers of plastic having a plurality of blue LED lights which are disposed about each of four face shield sides. The face mask also has a power source, power switch and plurality of air vents. When activated the plurality of blue LED lights act a sanitizer.

Abstract: A shield for reducing forward projection of airborne particles ejected from a performer singing into a microphone is provided and includes a material form having an overall length, an overall height, and a uniform material thickness, the material form including at least one through opening and at least one annular microphone collar having an overall length, an overall outside diameter, and an overall inside diameter, the microphone collar affixed to or formed of the material form, the microphone collar accepting a microphone placed therein.

Abstract: A face shield, such as a visor, mounts to a protective helmet using a mounting assembly. The mounting assembly has a base, a spacer assembly, and a pair of posts. The base is disposed on the interior of the helmet. The posts are connected to the base and extend outwardly into corresponding holes that are formed in the side of the helmet. The spacer assembly spaces the face shield away from the exterior surface of the helmet, and receives a mechanical fastener that releasably attaches the face shield to the helmet.

Abstract: The invention is a face shield that is adjustable to accommodate use of a variety of tools often employed in scientific or medical settings, including for example in dentistry. In some embodiments, the adjustable face shield may include a headband for securing the face shield to a head, a brim extension adapted to receive a transparent shield, and a brim frame extending from the headband, the brim frame including a channel adapted to register with a support member of the brim extension at an anterior region of the brim frame, wherein the support member of the brim extension telescopically extends and retracts within the channel from the anterior region of the brim frame to adjust a length of the adjustable face shield. In this manner, the face shield is adjustable to protect the wearer as well as the equipment that may be worn during certain tasks.

Abstract: Apparatus for protecting a user from impacts to the head. The apparatus includes a shell configured to receive a human head and a face mask coupled to the shell by a plurality of biasing mechanisms. The face mask is configured to reorient relative to the shell upon impact. The biasing mechanisms return the face mask to its original relative position after impact.

Abstract: A facial shield for a protective headgear system includes a polymeric sheet having an upper portion configured to be coupled to a support and a lower portion having a lower extremity, wherein the upper portion includes a first hole, a second hole, and a third hole, each one of the first, second, and third holes laterally spaced from the other two of the first, second, and third holes, and the first hole including a first section having a first hole gap and a second section laterally adjacent the first section and having a second hole gap, wherein the first hole gap of the first hole is greater than or equal to the maximum vertical dimension of a first hook of the support, and wherein the second hole gap of the first hole is greater than a vertical base thickness of a base of the first hook and is less than the maximum vertical dimension of the first hook.

Abstract: A face shield system formed by a lay-flat headband removably joined with a lay-flat face shield. The headband having a first connection feature located at one end of the headband and a second connection feature located at an opposing end of the headband. The second connection feature removably connects with the first connection feature in order to provide a closed headband configured for placement around a user's head. A third connection feature is located between the first and second connection features. The face shield includes a fourth connection feature that removably engages with the third connection feature when the face shield is in a curved configuration in order to removably connect the headband together with the face shield. When the face shield is connected to the head band, a center of the face shield is spaced apart from a face of the user and a center of the headband.

Abstract: A shock-absorbing face guard connector for an athletic helmet such as a helmet worn in American football, ice hockey, cricket, and baseball and softball, among other possible applications. The shock-absorbing face guard connector couples a face guard to the athletic helmet, and can absorb some of the forces resulting from a strike or impact to the face guard amid play and at other times. The shock-absorbing face guard connector includes a compressible piece that can compressibly yield when the face guard is struck or otherwise impacted.

Abstract: A cushion used for uniform compression of a surface with varied topography with minimal stress concentrations. The cushion includes a shaped base and a plurality of flexible projections extending from the shaped base. Each of the plurality of projections has a proximal end attached to the shaped base, a distal end opposite the shaped base, and an axial section extending between the proximal and distal ends. The plurality of flexible projections can individually flex. In an aspect, a facial cushion for use with a mask brace that secures a face mask to a patient's face includes a shaped base and a plurality of flexible projections extending from the shaped base. The individually flexing projections provide greater comfort to a wearer of the mask brace because the flexible projections can conform to the structure of the wearer's face while still providing a seal of the face mask to the face.

Abstract: A method for a person to control transmission of particles to and away from his/her frontal face region including the step of obtaining a face covering apparatus with a frame that can be held on the person's head and a covering assembly on the frame. With the frame on the person's head, the wall structure on the covering assembly is movable between blocking and staging positions. In the former position, the wall structure blocks airborne particles moving toward and away from a person's nostrils and/or mouth. In the latter position, the wall structure does not reside directly forwardly of the person's frontal face region below a horizontal plane at or above a top of the person's mouth.

Abstract: The helmet uses a new fastener to fasten a cage to the helmet shell allowing sides of the cage to be mounted directly against the shell, reducing the width of the shell on each side. A ball is attached to a portion of a bar of the cage to act as a limit stop precluding movements of the cage with respect to the helmet. A chin bar is fastened to the helmet at two points on each side of the shell. The shell is molded with recessed portions designed to receive the two branches of the chin bar on each side where they will be fastened to the shell so that the outer surfaces of the chin guard are flush with the shell at the locations of attachment to provide a smooth transition and reduce weight. An adjustment device to adjust the fit of the helmet to the user includes a star wheel on each side of the helmet attached to an arcuate flexible strip extending rearwardly around the occipital area of the skull.

Abstract: The present document describes a facial interface comprising a flexible face contact layer configured to cover a user's face; and a nasal layer configured to sealably cover an external nose region of said user. The flexible face contact layer and nasal layer provide fluid circulation of air through said user's nostrils.

Abstract: The present invention is a football helmet designed to reduce the occurrence of concussions and subconcussive impacts to the brain through the use of a novel system of materials and design implemented on the interior and exterior of the helmet. The helmet disclosed herein can include a new impact absorption system using cylindrical segments of viscoelastic foam with a sealed central void to absorb high energy impacts. In some aspects, the helmet disclosed herein includes a multi-layer helmet designed to absorb a wide range of potential impacts.

Abstract: A protective headgear for a baseball or softball fielder includes a rigid outer protective shell that has a first side portion, an opposing second side portion and a brim that extends outwardly from a front portion. The outer protective shell has a top opening and a rear opening that is defined between the first and second side portions. As a result, the protective headgear does not completely circumscribe the fielder's head. The protective headgear also includes an impact absorption material disposed along an inner surface of the outer protective shell and also an inner cap to be worn beneath the outer protective shell. The inner cap is formed of a breathable material and can be in the form of a skull cap.

Abstract: A mud visor formed by a substantially transparent sheet is attached to a goggle lens. The mud visor may be attached to the goggle lens using a substantially transparent adhesive or adhesive tape. Thus, the mud visor may provide clear and improved field of view for the user. Further, the mud visor may be configured to cover and guide a top portion of a roll-off film as the roll-off film is conveyed across the goggle lens. A top portion of the mud visor may be inserted into the lens groove of a goggle frame along with the goggle lens when the goggle lens is attached to the goggle frame. The mud visor also may stretch across the goggle lens and overlap with film canisters at both sides to provide a seamless coverage to prevent mud from entering behind the mud visor or the roll-off film.

Abstract: A face protection system is provided in the form of a face shield attachable to a hard hat. An upper portion of the face shield includes at least one loop surrounding at least a portion of an opening. The opening is sized to allow at least a portion of a dome of the hard hat to fit upward therethrough, but small enough to keep the entire hard hat from passing therethrough, so that the upper portion of the face shield rests upon the hard hat. A mask extends down from the upper portion of the face shield and preferably includes a plurality of columns on a front side thereof in front of a face of a wearer of the hard hat. Preferably ribs extend laterally between the columns, with the columns and ribs together forming the mask. A visor can optionally be placed inboard of the mask.

Abstract: A protective face shield with respirator including a face shield sized to cover some or all of the face and a respirator attached to the back side of the plastic shield. The respirator can include a substantially tubular, compressible foam mask with one end of the tubular mask bonded to the back side of the plastic shield and the other end of the tubular mask oriented rearward creating a rear surface for engaging with the face and surrounding the nose and mouth. The tubular mask can include at least one ventilation opening that traverse through the wall of the tubular mask and a ribbon (e.g., strip) of air filter media that wraps at least partially around the outside of the tubular mask covering some or all of the outside surface of the mask.

Abstract: A helmet mounting assembly for attaching helmet accessories to a helmet is provided. The assembly comprises a front-to-back mounting unit comprising at least one rail, grip or connector configured for connecting at least one helmet accessory to the front-to-back mounting unit, whereby the front-to-back mounting unit further comprises a back end configured to enable passage of securing elements there through, and at least one clipping element for attaching the back end of the front-to-back mounting unit to a back edge of the helmet via the securing elements, configured to further pass through the at least one clipping element, and forcefully pulling the front-to-back mounting unit onto the surface of the helmet to squeeze the mounting unit onto the helmet.

Abstract: A disposable face shield designed to protect the eyes and face of wearers from various diseases, such as COVID-19. The face shield assembly includes a transparent shield panel coupled with a front strap and back strap. The front strap contacts the forehead and spaces the transparent shield panel away from the face. The back strap extends around the head and holds the transparent shield panel on the head. Each of the straps are adjustable for different type head sizes.

Abstract: A shock absorber, for use with headgear having a faceguard, has a sliding member that does not extend beyond the support structure of the shock absorber in a way that would leave it vulnerable to damage. A headgear having a faceguard provides a protected mounting location for mounting a shock absorber for the faceguard.

Abstract: A device for fixing to a helmet is described. The helmet includes a shell portion configured to receive a user's head, and the device includes a leaf spring for coupling to the shell portion and configured to dissipate impact forces. A helmet including such device is further described.

Abstract: A protective cap is described. The protective cap includes a protective case having a padded inner surface and a rigid outer cover. The rigid outer cover includes a forward facing portion. The forward facing portion includes an aperture having a width approximately equal to a width of the forward facing portion. The protective cap also includes a pair of side facing portions and an optional head cover fitting. The optional head cover fitting is attached to the protective case, and an optional face shield. The optional face shield is connected to a track located on a pair of side facing portions of the protective case. The outer shell includes variable transparency and/or opaqueness allowing a visualization of information, such as a team logo, on a separately worn traditional baseball/other sports cap. Alternatively a logo/design is applied directly to the outer shell of the protective cap.

Abstract: A helmet includes a housing sized for use on a human head and having an opening designed to expose a face associated with the human head and a facemask attached to the housing and situated over the opening to cover the face. The facemask has a slightly curved front portion, a slightly curved right side portion, and a slightly curved left side portion. The facemask has a plurality of substantially vertically oriented bars having different widths. The vertically oriented bars include a first type having a first width, a second type having a second width that is larger than the first width, and a third type having a third width that is larger than the first and second widths. The left and right side portions of the facemask include a first type bar and a second type bar, where the second type bar is situated nearer to the housing than the first type bar.

Abstract: A maintenance-free respirator 10 that includes a mask harness and a mask body 11. The mask body 11 has at least one layer of filter media 56 and has a perimeter 32 that includes an upper segment 34. The upper segment 34 includes first and second concave segments 36, 38 that are located, respectively, on first and second sides of a central plane 40, when viewing the mask body from a top view. A maintenance-free respirator 10 of this configuration is comfortable to wear and can provide a snug fit to a wearer's face, particularly beneath each of the wearer's eyes, while at the same time having an ability to improve compatibility with various protective eyewear.

Abstract: An adjustable hockey helmet includes a front shell that is longitudinally movable relative to a rear shell to adjust the length of the helmet. One or more substantially rigid straps or similar elements are attached to the front shell and extend to the interior of the rear shell. A cam mechanism or similar device is included on the rear shell for securing the straps directly or indirectly against the interior of the rear shell to prevent longitudinal movement of the front shell relative to the rear shell once the helmet is adjusted to a desired length. Alternatively, the one or more straps may be attached to the rear shell and the cam mechanism may be included on the front shell.