And Adding Disparate Gaseous Material To The Carbonizing Zone Patents (Class 201/36)
-
Integrated coke plant automation and optimization using advanced control and optimization techniques
Patent number: 11060032Abstract: The present technology, is generally directed to integrated control of coke ovens in a coke plant in order to optimize coking rate, product recovery, byproducts and/or unit lime consumption Optimization objectives are achieved through controlling certain variables (called control variables) by manipulating available handles (called manipulated variables) subject to constraints and system disturbances that affect the controlled variables.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 2016Date of Patent: July 13, 2021Assignee: SUNCOKE TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT LLCInventors: John Francis Quanci, Parthasarathy Kesavan, Jack Ziegler, Katie Russell, Mike Muhlbaier, Rakshak Khanna, Sharla Evatt, Milos Kaplarevic, Peter Chun -
Patent number: 9708540Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material are disclosed. Solid organic material is moved through a reaction chamber and exposed to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase. The water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase are moved counter-current to the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product. The liquid water product is discharged via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product is discharged from a downstream outlet in the chamber.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 2014Date of Patent: July 18, 2017Assignee: The Crucible Group Pty LtdInventors: Lazar Strezov, Steven Robert Osborn, Joseph George Herbertson, Gary Kenneth Ellem
-
Patent number: 9605211Abstract: Provided herein is a method, device and installation for devolatizing a solid feedstock, comprising carbon-based waste selected from the group consisting of hazardous material, biomass, animal manure, tires, municipal solid waste and refuse derived fuel. The method comprises treating the solid feedstock to a produce a particle size laying between about 1 cm3 and about 100 cm3. The solid feedstock is passed into a jacketed system which includes a solid feedstock injector, a retort, a side arm for injecting a heated gas, and a process auger. The solid feedstock is contacted with a heated gas, comprising hydrogen, inside the jacketed system at a temperature of about 500° C. to about 1000° C. for a time of about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds, whereby the solid feedstock is converted into a gas stream and a solid stream.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 2013Date of Patent: March 28, 2017Assignee: D4 Energy Group, Inc.Inventors: David Earle Hayward, Marvin Ronnie Baker
-
Patent number: 9375671Abstract: A pre-concentration device is provided for a gas analysis system (10) for collecting molecular contamination in a vacuum environment (11). The pre-concentration device (13) comprises a hollow element (15) having an entrance opening (20) for receiving molecules from the vacuum environment (11) in a collection phase, a gas outlet for transferring collected molecules to a vacuum compatible detector or second preconcentration device in a transfer phase. The device has an inner wall for adsorbing molecules in the collection phase and desorbing molecules in the transfer phase. The device has a filler element (14) that is movable from a first position outside the hollow element in the collection phase to a second position inside the hollow element in the transfer phase which second position leaves open a transfer channel to the gas outlet along the inner wall.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 2011Date of Patent: June 28, 2016Assignee: Koninklijke Philips N.V.Inventors: Ruud Johannes Theodorus Soers, Hugo Hubertus Knobel, Pieter Klaas De Bokx
-
Patent number: 9005402Abstract: The present technology describes apparatus, systems, and methods for the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous feedstocks through continuous pyrolysis. A reciprocating reactor is described that includes an inner reactor pipe and an outer reactor pipe. The outer reactor pipe has a first portion that surrounds the inner reactor pipe forming an annulus space, and a second portion that extends beyond the inner reactor pipe and forms a turnaround zone. The inner reactor pipe defines an inner reactor zone that produces partially reacted carbonaceous feedstock, and the annulus space defines an outer reactor zone that produces product gases and solids.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 2012Date of Patent: April 14, 2015Assignee: Interra Energy, Inc.Inventors: Thomas R. Del Monte, Eren K. Yar
-
Publication number: 20140339068Abstract: Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2014Publication date: November 20, 2014Applicant: McAlister Technologies, LLCInventor: Roy Edward McAlister
-
Patent number: 8888962Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material are disclosed. Solid organic material is moved through a reaction chamber and exposed to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase. The water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase are moved counter-current to the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product. The liquid water product is discharged via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product is discharged from a downstream outlet in the chamber. The chamber includes a plurality of heat transfer members extending within the chamber and a supply of oxygen-containing gas for establishing and maintaining the temperature profile within the chamber.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2009Date of Patent: November 18, 2014Assignee: The Crucible Group Pty LtdInventors: Lazar Strezov, Steven Robert Osborn, Joseph George Herbertson, Gary Kenneth Ellem
-
Publication number: 20140284197Abstract: M&C PB 143543WO 22 31524653-1-abhimani ABSTRACT An apparatus and method for processing organic materials is provided comprising an elongate process tube (22) having an inlet for receiving the material and an outlet for processed material. A gas conveying system fluidically conveys the material through the processing tube, The gas conveying system comprises a supply of conveying gas which is a hot pressurised inert gas, connected to the processing tube (22) at its inlet end. A control system is configured to control the supply of the pressurised inert gas to the processing tube (22) so as to convey a batch of material through the tube (22) whilst simultaneously heating said it to cause the organic matter therein to gasify to produce process. The processing tube (22) has a plurality of sections, each separated by a closure (44), and the gas conveying means conveys the material from one section to the next.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 12, 2012Publication date: September 25, 2014Applicant: Chinook End-Stage Recycling LimitedInventors: Rifat Al Chalabi, Ophneil Henry Perry, John Turner
-
Patent number: 8841495Abstract: This invention relates to a process for thermochemically transforming biomass or other oxygenated feedstocks into high quality liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In particular, a catalytic hydropyrolysis reactor, containing a deep bed of fluidized catalyst particles is utilized to accept particles of biomass or other oxygenated feedstocks that are significantly smaller than the particles of catalyst in the fluidized bed. The reactor features an insert or other structure disposed within the reactor vessel that inhibits slugging of the bed and thereby minimizes attrition of the catalyst. Within the bed, the biomass feedstock is converted into a vapor-phase product, containing hydrocarbon molecules and other process vapors, and an entrained solid char product, which is separated from the vapor stream after the vapor stream has been exhausted from the top of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 2011Date of Patent: September 23, 2014Assignee: Gas Technology InstituteInventors: Terry L. Marker, Larry G. Felix, Martin B. Linck, Michael J. Roberts
-
Patent number: 8715582Abstract: An apparatus for providing activated carbon that has a reactor vessel for containing carbon based feedstock and a processor that encloses the reactor vessel. An insulating barrier is disposed between the reactor vessel and the processor for defining generally vertical outer and inner pathways that are communicably interconnected. The reactor vessel has a gas receiving intake port in communication with the inner pathway. First and second inlet conduits are formed through the processor and into the reactor for respectively introducing a first ignition gas into the reactor to ignite the feedstock and a second gas into the first pathway. The second gas circulates through the outer and inner pathways and enters the reactor vessel through the gas receiving intake port. The exhaust gas is circulated through a catalyst chamber/cartridge/bed. At least one exhaust port discharges gas from the vessel exteriorly of the processor.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 2010Date of Patent: May 6, 2014Inventors: Earl R. Decker, Walter David Hemenway, Douglas MacPherson, Carl B. Melanson
-
Patent number: 8668811Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and a method for producing a pyrolysis liquid, wherein the pyrolysis liquid is formed by means of pyrolysis from a raw material by forming, and a pyrolysis reactor, a gaseous pyrolysis product by pyrolysis and condensing it in a condenser into a pyrolysis liquid, and feeding circulation gas into the pyrolysis reactor. The circulation gas is conducted by a liquid ring compressor into the pyrolysis reactor and purified before being conducted into the pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis liquid is used as the liquid layer in the liquid ring compressor.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 2013Date of Patent: March 11, 2014Assignee: Metso Power OyInventors: Sampo Ratinen, Jani Lehto, Mikko Anttila, Tuomo Hilli, Kristin Onarheim, Ismo Hirvonen, Yrjo Solantausta, Markku Raiko
-
Patent number: 8647476Abstract: Disclosed is a device and a method for feeding primary combustion air for the combustion of coke oven gas into a coking chamber of a coke oven of the non-recovery or heat recovery type, the coke oven is provided with openings in the oven chamber through which the oven chamber can be charged with primary air, and heating flues in the oven chamber sole with openings through which the heating flues can be charged with secondary air, and downcomer-channels which allow for guiding partially burned gas for combustion with secondary air from the oven chamber into the heating flues, wherein in the oven wall above the door or in the upper door area there are one or more non-controlled openings comprised of a heat-proof material through which part of the primary air can be guided, and in the top area of the oven there are further controllable air feeder ducts conducting primary air through the oven top.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2008Date of Patent: February 11, 2014Assignee: UHDE GmbHInventors: Ronald Kim, Ralf Schumacher
-
Patent number: 8585867Abstract: A low-energy input process for the pyrolytic conversion of biomass to charcoal or carbonized charcoal is provided. The biomass is sealed in a container, pressurized, then air is introduced at the proximal end of the container and released at the distal end of the container. The biomass is ignited by a heater at the distal end. The operation of the heater is halted after initial ignition and the biomass is allowed to continue to burn in a proximal-to-distal end airflow to finish the conversion.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 2008Date of Patent: November 19, 2013Assignee: University of HawaiiInventor: Michael J. Antal, Jr.
-
Publication number: 20130270099Abstract: A low temperature conversion apparatus comprising tri-tubes that simultaneously carry out the functions of vessel and heat exchanger is provided. The apparatus is capable of thermally decomposing any kind of organic material to obtain coal, oil, water and no-condensable gasses, and also of decontaminating soils and residues contaminated with organochlorides and dioxins. The apparatus specifically comprises an outer box with a hermetic lid; a thermal insulation layer; and a structure with three concentric tubes disposed internally, positioned substantially vertically and with a wall width suitable for heating by means of gases from an inner side and outer side of the structure. A process for thermal decomposition is also provided using the apparatus.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 22, 2013Publication date: October 17, 2013Inventor: RM Materials Refratarios Ltda.
-
Patent number: 8492600Abstract: A self-sustaining process for producing high quality liquid fuels from biomass in which the biomass is hydropyrolyzed in a reactor vessel containing molecular hydrogen and a deoxygenating catalyst, producing a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis liquid, which is hydrogenated using a hydroconversion catalyst, producing a substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon liquid and a gaseous mixture comprising CO and light hydrocarbon gases (C1-C3). The gaseous mixture is reformed in a steam reformer, producing reformed molecular hydrogen, which is then introduced into the reactor vessel for hydropyrolizing the biomass. The deoxygenated hydrocarbon liquid product is further separated to produce diesel fuel, gasoline, or blending components for gasoline and diesel fuel.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 2010Date of Patent: July 23, 2013Assignee: Gas Technology InstituteInventors: Terry L Marker, Larry G Felix, Martin B Linck
-
Patent number: 8487148Abstract: Biomass based feeds are processed under hydrothermal treatment conditions, e.g., to produce a hydrocarbon liquid product and a solids portion. The hydrothermal treatment can be performed in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst particles that can optionally include a catalyst metal or metal salt. The presence of the heterogeneous catalyst can modify the nature of the hydrocarbon products produced from the hydrothermal treatment.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 2011Date of Patent: July 16, 2013Assignee: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Virginia M. Roberts, Michel Daage, Paul D. Oldenburg, James R. Bielenberg, Paul J. Berlowitz, David C. Long, Halou Oumar-Mahamat
-
Publication number: 20130075244Abstract: A method for torrefaction of biomass using a torrefaction reactor vessel having stacked trays including: feeding the biomass to an upper inlet of the vessel; cascading the biomass down through the trays by passing the biomass through an opening in each of the trays to deposit the biomass on a lower tray; heating the biomass material with an oxygen deprived gas; extracting moisture from below each of the upper trays; as the biomass undergoes torrefaction in the lower trays retaining the gas with the biomass until the biomass falls from the stacked trays to a pile of biomass in the reactor vessel; exhausting gases containing organic compounds through a gas outlet at an elevation between the stacked trays and the pile of biomass, and discharging torrefied biomass from the torrefaction reactor vessel.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 28, 2012Publication date: March 28, 2013Applicants: STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, ANDRITZ INC.Inventors: Andrew EYER, Bertil STROMBERG, Brian F. GREENWOOD, Jacob Hendrik Arnold KIEL, Robin Willem Rudolf ZWART, Ferdinand VERHOEFF, Michael SESTRICH, Nachiketa NANDY, Robert DIAZ, Jay MIELE
-
Patent number: 8382958Abstract: Apparatus and a process are described for compressing superheated steam into porous coal batches in chambers, and, after a time interval, expanding this steam out of the chambers, and repeating this steam cycle of compression followed by expansion. Thusly heated by the steam, volatile matter separates from the solid coke portion of the coal and separate volatile matter and coke products can be produced from coal or biomass fuels. These volatile matter liquids and tars can be used as fuel components in slurry fuels, for internal combustion engines used in our surface transportation industries. These solid coke products can be used as boiler fuel in steam electric plants. In this way our large domestic reserves of coal can be used as a fuel source, not only for electric power generation, but also for our surface transportation needs.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 2009Date of Patent: February 26, 2013Inventor: Joseph Carl Firey
-
Publication number: 20120305381Abstract: Provided is a method of amplification of coke oven gas (COG) through reacting high-temperature carbon with carbon dioxide and/or water using waste heat generated in a coke oven. More particularly, a method of amplification of COG including providing a gasification agent including carbon dioxide, water, or a mixture thereof to a COG stream in a carburization chamber of a coke oven and gasifying carbon by allowing the gasification agent to react with carbon in the carburization chamber, and a coke oven apparatus suitable for the method are provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 29, 2010Publication date: December 6, 2012Applicant: Research Institute of Industrial Science & TechnologyInventors: Joo-Hyoung Park, Hee-Dong Chun, Je-Young Kim, Heung-Soo Park, Min-Young Yi, Kun-Woo Han, Chang-Houn Rhee, Sung-Uk Ryu
-
Patent number: 8323481Abstract: A method of sequestering carbon dioxide emissions during recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating, the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Additionally, during heating, any carbon dioxide that is produced can be sequestered. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 2010Date of Patent: December 4, 2012Assignee: Red Leaf Resources, Inc.Inventors: Todd Dana, James W. Patten
-
Patent number: 8282786Abstract: Device for burning coking gas in a coking chamber of a coke oven of the “non-recovery type” or “heat-recovery type”, a multiplicity of inlet openings for primary air being arranged in the roof of each oven chamber in such a way that the coking gas produced during the coking is brought into uniform contact with the desired quantity of primary air for the partial combustion of the coking gas, these inlet openings for primary air being combined above the oven for each chamber separately by an air feed system, the air feed systems of the individual oven chambers being connected to an air feed system common to many oven chambers, and a respective control member for varying the primary air quantity over the carbonizing time being provided between the common air feed system and the air feeds of the individual oven chambers. A slight, constant positive pressure can be applied to the common air feed system.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 2006Date of Patent: October 9, 2012Assignee: UHDE GmbHInventors: Ronald Kim, Franz-Josef Schuecker
-
Patent number: 8202400Abstract: Apparatus for the manufacture of charcoal, comprising a unit having walls defining a primary combustion chamber, and a material inlet for allowing a feed of wood chips though said material inlet into said apparatus. A trough is located at a lower height than said material inlet such that material passing through said material inlet is able to fall into the trough. An air inlet is located below the material inlet such that, when wood chips are located within the trough piled up to said material inlet, air passing from said air inlet passes through said wood-chips and into the primary combustion chamber.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 2009Date of Patent: June 19, 2012Inventor: Andrew Mark Elliott
-
Publication number: 20110278150Abstract: A system and method for the continuous production of carbonaceous pyrolysis by-products are provided which include one or more pyrolysis reaction chambers adapted to receive a wide variety of feedstock materials, including biomass feedstock. System operating parameters including feedstock input rate, atmosphere composition and flow rate, temperature, reaction mixture stirring and agitation rate are selectively independently controllable to produce an end by-product having desired properties for specific applications, and gaseous reaction by-products may be recycled as a fuel for the pyrolysis reaction, thereby enhancing overall system operating efficiency.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 5, 2011Publication date: November 17, 2011Applicant: ECI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANYInventors: Daniel W. Mulqueen, James L. Fournier, Thomas B. Reed
-
Patent number: 8057641Abstract: A method and apparatus for effective pyrolysis of a biomass utilizing rapid heat transfer from a solid heat carrier or catalyst. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatuses which incorporate progressive temperature quenching and rapid disengagement of the heat carrier material and reaction product.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 2010Date of Patent: November 15, 2011Assignee: Kior Inc.Inventors: Robert Bartek, Ronald Lee Cordle
-
Publication number: 20110162951Abstract: A method for separating at least one volatile component such as an alkyl ester, an alcohol, hydroxymethylfuran, dimethylfuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, a polyhydric alcohol, or a reduction product of a polyhydric alcohol from at least one non-volatile component such as a saccharide, a peptide, or ash in a mixture is disclosed. The method includes heating the mixture to a temperature of between 150-250° C. and contacting the mixture with a superheated distillation alcohol in a gaseous or vapor phase. The distillation alcohol pressure imparts partial vapor pressure on the at least one volatile component of the mixture and distills at least a portion of the at least one volatile component from the mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 13, 2010Publication date: July 7, 2011Applicant: Inventure Chemical, Inc.Inventors: William W. Berry, Mark G. Tegen, William Rusty Sutterlin, Stephen L. Hillis
-
Patent number: 7922871Abstract: A method of recycling composite material comprising carbon fibers and a resin, the method comprising: providing a furnace comprising at least a heating portion; providing a transporter for transporting the composite material through the furnace; loading the composite material on the transporter and transporting the composite material through the furnace; detecting a percentage of oxygen in an atmosphere in the heating portion when the composite material has entered this portion; and removing resin from the composite material, as it travels through the heating portion of the furnace on the transporter, by means of chemical decomposition at a first temperature, with the resultant generation of fumes; wherein the generated fumes are removed from the heating portion in a controlled manner, such that the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere in the heating portion is controlled.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 2009Date of Patent: April 12, 2011Assignee: Recycled Carbon Fibre LimitedInventors: Roy Price, John Davidson
-
Publication number: 20110011722Abstract: A process for treating coal includes introducing coal into a chamber and passing an oxygen deficient sweep gas into contact with the coal, the sweep gas being at a higher temperature than the temperature of the coal so that heat is supplied to the coal. The process further includes providing additional heat to the coal indirectly by heating the chamber, wherein the heating of the coal by the sweep gas and by the indirect heating from the chamber causes condensable volatile components to be released into the sweep gas. The proportion of heat supplied to the coal by the sweep gas is less than 40% of the total heat supplied to the coal. The sweep gas is then removed from the chamber and treated to remove condensable components of the coal.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 10, 2009Publication date: January 20, 2011Inventor: Franklin G. Rinker
-
Publication number: 20100300867Abstract: A device for feeding primary combustion air or a gas into an oven for the carbonization of coal is provided. The device has nozzle-shaped openings the inlet ports of which are made of a refractory material. These openings are situated above the door area or in the upper door area of the coke oven and having no adjusting devices for the air or gas flow. Part of the primary air or of a gas is passed through these openings. In the top area of the oven additional openings into the oven are provided through which another part of primary air or of a gas is passed and which are equipped with controlling units comprised of a folding mechanism or a helical spindle or a cone lock and connected to a mechanical actuator element. These openings in the oven top area are configured as pipes which pass through the top wall, the pipes being configured, for example, as U-pipes or as a siphon to provide protection from outer influences.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 22, 2008Publication date: December 2, 2010Inventors: Ronald Kim, Ralf Schumacher
-
Publication number: 20100200387Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A mined hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. Hydrocarbon products can be collected from intermediate locations within the permeable body. Advantageously, an intermediate fluid collection system can be used to draw a hydrocarbon product from the permeable body at preselected locations. Such intermediate collection can provide hydrocarbon product fractions which can reduce or eliminate the need for full-scale distillation of a hydrocarbon product having a full range of products such as that typically found in crude oil.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 5, 2010Publication date: August 12, 2010Inventors: Todd Dana, James W. Patten
-
Patent number: 7678738Abstract: A method for treating saturated activated coke comprises the following steps: A) The saturated activated coke is subjected to a dehydration treatment so that the water content in the activated coke is ?25%; B) The product obtained from step A is dried at a starting temperature of 120° C.-150° C.; C) The product obtained from step B is subjected to dry distillation and the condition of the dry distillation is that: by heating to a final temperature for the drying of 500° C.-600° C. at a speed of 4° C.-10° C./min and maintaining for 10-60 minutes, the organics adsorbed on the surface and in the pores of the activated coke is cracked, volatilized and carbonized; D) The product obtained from step C is activated and the activation condition is that: after heating to 800° C.-950° C. at 2° C.-8° C./min, a stream is supplied, wherein the weight ratio of the activated coke to the stream is 1:0.5-5 and the activation time is 0.5-2 h. The activated coke after several times of treatment can be used as the fuel.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 2007Date of Patent: March 16, 2010Assignee: Mississippi International Water, Inc.Inventor: Dawei Zhang
-
Patent number: 7648615Abstract: In the operation of smoking/burning type volume reduction treatment apparatus (1), referring to view (A), charcoal carbonized layer (T2) is spread over powdery ceramic layer (T1) in the state of having negative ion air fed through air supply inlet (H). Further, sawdust layer (T3) is spread thereover, and thereafter treatment subject layer (V) is piled thereon. In a temporary burning region of the carbonized layer (T2), the powdery ceramic layer (T1) exerts not only heat storing action but also heat radiation action. Referring to view (B), the interior of the sawdust layer (T3) is altered into temporary carbonized layer (T3 1) and temporary dried layer (T3 2). As the temporary burning region slowly moves upward, an under side of the treatment subject layer (V) is altered into dried layer (V1) and further, carbonized layer (V2) shown in view (C) is formed. Thereafter, this carbonized layer (V2) catches fire, so that burning region (V3) is formed in layered form in the treatment subject layer (V).Type: GrantFiled: May 12, 2005Date of Patent: January 19, 2010Inventor: Kuniomi Araki
-
Publication number: 20090114520Abstract: A novel method of producing charcoal. The method of producing charcoal comprises treating an organic material with iodine followed by the carbonization treatment. The organic material is desirably an organic material stemming from the biomass. The treatment with iodine is desirably conducted by bringing an iodine vapor into contact with the organic material. Further, the treatment with iodine is desirably conducted by heating a container which contains the organic material and iodine. The temperature in the treatment with iodine is desirably in a range of not lower than 50° C. but not higher than a decomposition temperature of the organic material. Further, the carbonization treatment is desirably a heat treatment conducted in an inert gas atmosphere or in vacuum.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 5, 2006Publication date: May 7, 2009Applicant: TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYInventors: Eiichi Yasuda, Yasuhiro Tanabe, Yasunori Nagakura
-
Publication number: 20090020405Abstract: A method of and a plant for combusting carbonaceous fuel, the method including the steps of introducing particulate oxygen selective sorbent, such as a perovskite type material, into an adsorption reactor of the combustion plant to form a first particle bed in the adsorption reactor, fluidizing the first particle bed by an oxygen-containing first fluidizing gas to adsorb oxygen from the fluidizing gas to the sorbent, conveying oxygen-rich sorbent from the adsorption reactor to a combustion reactor of the combustion plant to form a second particle bed in the combustion reactor, fluidizing the second particle bed by an oxygen-deficient second fluidizing gas to desorb oxygen from the sorbent, so as to produce free oxygen gas, and introducing carbonaceous fuel into the combustion reactor to oxidize the fuel with the free oxygen gas.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 20, 2007Publication date: January 22, 2009Applicant: Foster Wheeler Energy CorporationInventors: Zhen FAN, Horst Hack, Andrew SELTZER, Archibald Robertson
-
Publication number: 20080190754Abstract: The invention relates to producing lump semicoke and can be used in metallurgy. Essence of the invention consists in that a method for producing said lump semicoke calls for using, as coal bed, coal having a fraction of 20-70 mm and air is supplied thru the coal bed with a relative blowing rate of 70-99.5 m3/m2·hr according to a coal rank.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 1, 2005Publication date: August 14, 2008Inventors: Sergey Romanovich Islamov, Sergey Grigorievich Stepanov, Aleksey Borisovich Morozov
-
Patent number: 7037409Abstract: A method and a device for the hot-repairing of the heating flues of a coke-oven battery according to which the completed sections of a heating flue still under construction are heated by means of a heated gas. The heated gas comprises the air usually provided for combustion in the heating flues during coking operations. The air is guided through the flow paths provided for in the coke-oven battery for combustion air and waste gases as well as through the regenerator, heated as it passes through the flow paths and then guided through the heating flues to be repaired. The completed section of the heating flue is separated from the non-completed portion by an air-reversion device that also directs the heated air.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 2000Date of Patent: May 2, 2006Assignee: Thyssen Krupp Encoke GmbHInventors: Werner Hippe, Hans-Juergen Fischer
-
Patent number: 6669822Abstract: The present invention relates to a waste carbonization method which produces charcoal and/or activated carbon from solid wastes, such as wood waste, and renders produced gas completely harmless. Solid wastes B are exposed to gas generated in pyrolysis gasification of other wastes A in a gasification furnace 1 to produce charcoal and/or activated carbon from the solid wastes B.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 2001Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Assignee: Ebara CorporationInventors: Hiroyuki Fujimura, Kazuo Takano, Akira Uchino, Takahiro Ohshita, Tetsuhisa Hirose
-
Patent number: 6005149Abstract: The invention provides a practical and efficient method and apparatus for thermally processing organic based raw materials of either primary or secondary (recycled) origin, in order to extract volatile organic vapors and to selectively produce either condensable hydrocarbon gases or, more preferably, non-condensable synthesis gases that are rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide for use as a raw material in chemical processes, or as a fuel. In particular, the invention provides a single rotary reactor having two contiguous hearth reaction areas, i.e., a drying and volatizing area and a reformation area, the areas being separated from each other by a bed-retaining refractory weir. The weir has an aperture for fluidly connecting the two hearth reaction areas of the single reactor.Type: GrantFiled: August 18, 1998Date of Patent: December 21, 1999Assignee: Engineering, Separation & Recycling, Ltd. Co.Inventor: Norman G. Bishop
-
Patent number: 5932499Abstract: Glass compositions displaying decreased far infrared radiation transmission, high biosolubility, and excellent moisture resistance are capable of fiberization by the rotary process, and may be used to prepare thermal insulation products exhibiting high thermal insulation efficiency as reflected by low thermal index values.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1997Date of Patent: August 3, 1999Assignee: Johns Manville International, Inc.Inventors: Xiaojie Xu, Foster Laverne Harding, Mark Alan Albers
-
Patent number: 5853548Abstract: A thermolysis process for the production of volatiles for an external combustor or liquefaction of biomass solids in which specific and previously unrecognized conditions are employed. The thermolysis is carried out in a single fluidized bed of inert material operating at near atmospheric pressure, relatively low temperature, long solids and gas residence times and moderate heating rates. The distribution of the thermolysis products among, solid (char) and gases under these conditions is unique. The product effluent can be either quenched to produce a high liquid yield in addition to a low char yield or the volatile effluent can be used in either the same combustor or a second combustor to produce heat energy a particularly high efficiency system. In using a quencher, the quenched liquid is of similar composition to those obtained by so called fast pyrolysis processes of the prior art. The specified conditions are such as to allow production of liquids in high yields in an energy efficient manner.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1996Date of Patent: December 29, 1998Assignee: RTI Resource Transforms International Ltd.Inventors: Jan Piskorz, Piotr Majerski, Desmond Radlein
-
Patent number: 5728271Abstract: A thermolysis process for liquefaction of biomass solids in which specific and previously unrecognized conditions are employed. The thermolysis is carried out in a single fluidized bed of inert material operating at near atmospheric pressure, relatively low temperature, long solids and gas residence times and moderate heating rates. The distribution of the thermolysis products among liquid (bio-oil), solid (char) and gases under these conditions is unique. In particular, contrary to the prior art, both high liquid and low char yields are obtained. Furthermore the liquid is of similar composition to those obtained by so called fast pyrolysis processes of the prior art. The specified conditions are such as to allow production of liquids in high yields in an energy efficient manner. The low severity of the conditions in comparison with previous approaches allows simplified process design and scaleup leading to lower capital and operating costs as well as easier control.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1996Date of Patent: March 17, 1998Assignee: RTI Resource Transforms International Ltd.Inventors: Jan Piskorz, Piotr Majerski, Desmond Radlein
-
Patent number: 5605551Abstract: A high conversion of biomass, such as wood, sawdust, bark, or agricultural wastes, to liquids is obtained bypyrolysis at short reaction tines in a reactor capable of high heat transfer rates; the reactor being of the fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed or transport type in which the conveying gas contains low and carefully controlled amounts of oxygen, allowing a reaction system with low concentrations of carbon monoxide or flammable gases with a resulting improvement in operating safety and potential improvement in thermal efficiency and capital costs. The oxidation steps may be carried out in one or two stages. The resulting liquid product may be used as an alternative liquid fuel or as a source of high-value chemicals.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1995Date of Patent: February 25, 1997Assignee: University of WaterlooInventors: Donald S. Scott, Jan Piskorz, Desmond Radlein, Piotr Majerski
-
Patent number: 5464876Abstract: Heating of polyvinyl chloride, in particular plasticizer-containing polyvinyl chloride, to a temperature of from 250.degree. to 500.degree. C. in the absence of oxygen gives a low-chlorine, carbon-containing residue, plasticizer and hydrogen chloride.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 1994Date of Patent: November 7, 1995Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Gunther Lyding, Maria Pille, Helmold von Plessen, Joachim Semel
-
Patent number: 5435890Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the apparatus 10 for recycling used automobile rubber tires is described in which small pieces of rubber tires are progressively fed into a vertical reactor 14 of the counter-flow type in which the material progressively descends downward through the reactor 14 with process gases passing upward through the downwardly descending material to decompose and volatilize the rubber material. Oxygen-bearing gas is injected into the reactor to burn a portion of the rubber carbon to generate hot combustion gases that ascend upwardly to pyrolitically decompose the rubber pieces, and to volatilize such material. The amount of oxygen is controlled in an oxygen-deficient manner to maintain the temperature in the combustion zone at a temperature of less than 500.degree. F. The gases and volatilized rubber materials and oils are removed from the reactor at a temperature of approximately 350.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1992Date of Patent: July 25, 1995Inventor: Joseph H. Munger
-
Patent number: 5360537Abstract: A continuously operable combustion-type retort apparatus includes an insulated retort. A preheater is preferably associated with the retort for preheating incoming material, and means are preferably provided for injecting acetic acid and steam into the incoming material. Heat is supplied from a combustion zone arranged near the bottom of the retort, wherein means are provided for combusting spent shale to provide the heat necessary for retorting. Means for injecting acetic acid and water are arranged above the combustion zone for preventing the combustion from spreading into the material being retorted. The invention also comprises a method of retorting to produce a very high quality oil from shale and having a 7:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen, along with the production of valuable nitrogen related chemicals, activated lignin and cement.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 1993Date of Patent: November 1, 1994Assignee: Georgia Oil & Gas Co., Inc.Inventor: Louis Strumskis
-
Patent number: 5212144Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1992Date of Patent: May 18, 1993Assignee: Westvaco CorporationInventor: Frank R. Schwartz, Jr.
-
Patent number: 5106390Abstract: An improve gasification system, in which synthesis gas is produced through the operation of a fuel gas production bed comprising an upper layer (66) of organic input material, typically in the form of pellets or briquettes of substantially uniform size and configuration which in one embodiment includes toxic waste material, two intermediate layers, one intermediate layer (70) for carbonizing the input material, and the other intermediate layer (72) for partially oxidizing and substantially completely pyrolyzing the input material and a lower layer (68) of tar-free charcoal. The length of the gas production bed from the top of the upper intermediate layer to the point where gas exits from the gas production bed is approximately at least 1.5 times the diameter of the bed, but not less than 7 feet. The residence time of the input material in the intermediate layers and the lower layers is such that activated carbon may be produced and/or the toxic waste input destroyed.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 1989Date of Patent: April 21, 1992Assignee: American Power and Waste Management Ltd.Inventors: Frederick P. Beierle, Mounir Mazzawi
-
Patent number: 5034021Abstract: Apparatus is described for the pyrolysis of coal comprising a pyrolysis tower through which crushed coal and hot gas are counter-currently passed. The tower enables a controlled temperature profile to be maintained in the tower, and contains inner appurtenances which define cascading passageways to promote heat exchange and mixing of the coal with the hot gas. The coal volatiles are carried out of the top of the tower by the gas. The pyrolysis tower may be conjoined with a gasifier so as to most directly utilize the char residuals remaining after pyrolysis of the coal while they are still hot to more efficiently produce a hot synthesis gas, to be used to perform thermal pyrolysis in the tower.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1989Date of Patent: July 23, 1991Inventor: Reginald D. Richardson
-
Patent number: 4994174Abstract: A process and system for low-temperature carbonization of oil shale, oil sands and similar oil-bearing solids includes low-temperature carbonization of oil-bearing solids in a high-pressure fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a substance selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and steam at temperatures substantially between 400.degree.and 600.degree. C. for producing low-temperature carbonization gas. The low-temperature carbonization gas is condensed in at least two stages for producing relatively higher boiling and relatively lower boiling oil fractions. The oil-bearing solids are peripherally mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction of the low-temperature carbonization gas, before introducing the oil-bearing solids into the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor. The oil-bearing solids mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction are returned to the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1989Date of Patent: February 19, 1991Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Konrad Kunstle, Gerd Brunner, Jurgen Hoffmann, Till Dehrmann
-
Patent number: 4948495Abstract: This invention is a continuous retorting process for various high molecular weight organic materials, including oil shale, that yields an enhanced output of liquid product. The organic material, mineral matter, and an acidic catalyst, that appreciably adsorbs alkenes on surface sites at prescribed temperatures, are mixed and introduced into a pyrolyzer. A circulating stream of olefin enriched pyrolysis gas is continuously swept through the organic material and catalyst, whereupon, as the result of pyrolysis, the enhanced liquid product output is provided. Mixed spent organic material, mineral matter, and cool catalyst are continuously withdrawn from the pyrolyzer. Combustion of the spent organic material and mineral matter serves to reheat the catalyst. Olefin depleted pyrolysis gas, from the pyrolyzer, is enriched in olefins and recycled into the pyrolyzer.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1988Date of Patent: August 14, 1990Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Thomas T. Coburn
-
Patent number: 4894122Abstract: A process for the desulphurization of residuals of petroleum distillation in the form of coke particles having an initial sulphur content greater than about 5% by weight. Desulphurization is effected by means of a continuous electrothermal process based on a plurality of sequentially connected fluidized beds into which the coke particles are successively introduced. The necessary heat generation to desulphurize the coke particles is obtained by using the coke particles as an electrical resistance in each fluidized bed by providing a pair of electrodes that extend into the fluidized coke particles and passing an electrical current through the electrodes and through the fluidized coke particles. A last fluidized bed without electrodes is provided for cooling the desulphurized coke particles after the sulphur level has been reduced to less than about 1% by weight.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1989Date of Patent: January 16, 1990Assignee: Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones SiderurgicasInventors: Arturo Lazcano-Navarro, Andres Geronimo-Torres