Abstract: NO.sub.x -content in a flue gas during heating of coking oven with heating trains cooperating in pairs, high and low lying combustion stages, and flue gas return at a height of a heating train sole in a circulating stream, is reduced by adjusting a circulating stream rate defined by a volume stream of a returned flue gas divided by a flue gas volume stream without returned flue gas to between 20% and 50%, maintaining a stage ratio for a stage number greater than or equal to 2 defined as an air volume stream of a lower stage divided by a total air volume stream, at between 80/I% and 140/I% wherein I is a number of stages, arranging an upper combustion stage at a height of (45.+-.10%).times.(I-1) of the heating train height.

Abstract: A method fo controlling fuel for a coke oven by a programmed heating method in which the fuel supply rate is changed at least once during the coal carbonization process in the coke oven, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the substantial reduction of the fuel supply rate from a large flow rate at the initial stage of the carbonization to a small flow rate inclusive of a zero rate when the coal center temperature, i.e. the temperature at the center of the coal packed in the carbonization chamber, is within a range of from 350.degree. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of heat conditioning a coke oven in a battery circulates hot gas through the oven from a non-radiant burner.

Abstract: A method of separating oil in water and other evaporable liquids from drilling mud, bleaching earth, sludge from oil tanks, oil shale or the like, the mud being evaporated at a lower temperature than with conventional evaporation due to the fact that the capillary forces binding the separate fractions in the pores of the mud are destroyed in a friction evaporator.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing a substantial portion of water and impurities from low rank coal and peat, whereby an improved coal or peat product (not found in nature) is obtained. The low rank coal and peat are subjected to a superheated gaseous medium, thereby substantially desorbing the moisture from the coal or peat and producing superheated gases. A substantial portion of the superheated gases produced is recycled back in contact with the coal being dried. Sufficient heat is added to the recycled gases, in response to monitoring, so that the recycled gases are maintained in a substantially superheated condition throughout. This process produces a dried, substantially purified product which retains a substantial portion of its volatile content, which has an improved heat value per unit weight, and which will not absorb substantial moisture when stored or transported. In one embodiment, the process utilizes superheated steam to initiate the drying process.

Abstract: In regenerative coking ovens having vertical heating flues cooperating in pairs, high level and low level combustion stages and means arranged at the bottoms of respective heating flues to recirculate the flue gas, the following measures insure a substantially reduced generation of NO.sub.x contents in the flue gas: the recirculation current rate is between 20% and 50%, the combustion stage ratio is between 40% and 70% and the second combustion stage is arranged between 35% and 55% of the height of the heating flue.

Abstract: Method for exhausting from coke ovens gases evolved during charging with the use of a conduit interconnecting an opening in the roof of a coke oven chamber being charged with a corresponding opening in a nearby oven. According to the inveniton, near one of the ends of the conduit interconnecting the two ovens a communication with the atmosphere can be made without disturbing the gas-tight connection between the other end and the nearby oven. One way of achieving this is for the sealing zone or closure portion which dips into a water seal in a riser for a coke oven chamber to be shorter than the other end such that when the conduit is raised the shorter end will permit atmospheric air to flow into the conduit. In another embodiment, a socket is provided at one end of the conduit and has a pivoting flap which, in one position, closes the socket and in another position, closes the gas-exhaust opening.

Abstract: A method of regulating fuel for a coke oven by a programmed heating method in which a change of the fuel supply rate contains at least one substantial reduction during the coal carbonization process in the coke oven, wherein the improvement comprises setting up a standard curve for the ethylene concentration or the tar concentration based on the operating conditions of the coke oven and the conditions of feed coal, measuring the ethylene concentration or the tar concentration in the coke oven gas generated in the carbonization chamber, and controlling the fuel supply rate so as to minimize the difference between the measured value and the standard value.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a carbonization plant in which coking furnaces are periodically charged with preheated coal and the obtained coke is subjected to a dry cooling by a gaseous cooling medium, heat discharged from the dry cooling of the coke is used for the preheating of the coal, involving preheating the coal in a traveling bed drier having a heat exchange tube that is heated with hot gas or waste-heat vapor from the dry cooling of the coke. Preferred embodiments include withdrawing exhaust gas-containing vapors produced in the traveling bed drier from different levels; and superposing a fluidized bed drier upon the traveling bed drier.

Abstract: The flow of gases given off by a coke mass during the production of coke in a coke oven having a coke side collector main and a pusher side collector main is controlled by measuring temperature, pressure, carbon equivalent thickness and rate of carbon formation at selected locations. Electrical signals indicative of the temperature, pressure and carbon measurements are fed to an instrument system and into a computer where the measurements are compared to target values, processed and the resultant information used to control the flow of gases by regulating the gooseneck damper, standpipe control valve and/or the control valves which control collector main pressures.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the reversal system of coke oven batteries comprises monitoring the position of the air valves, waste heat discs, and gas cocks in each of the coke ovens of a battery, measuring and centrally registering the temperatures and/or flow rates of the fluids supplied into and discharged from the oven, namely of combustion air, gases and waste gases, comparing the measured values with the desired values corresponding to the position of the system elements, and upon an undue deviation, signals for carrying out safety measures, such as actuating a gas deficiency safety, are automatically delivered. Also measured may be the oil pressure in the lines for supplying the hydraulic signals actuating the reversal mechanism, with again a release of alarm signals. A device for monitoring the reversal system includes an apparatus connected to the valves for shifting all of the valves between an operating position in one characteristic way to an operating condition in another characteristic way.

Abstract: In the operation of a by-product coke oven, in order to provide a coking cycle that meets an aim push time and also includes a coke soaking period of pre-selected length, the method of obtaining a plurality of liquid catch specimens having condensed therein volatiles from samples of gas withdrawn from the oven; determining a light-transmitting value for such liquid catch specimens for the coke devolatilizing period and for the coke soaking period; determining the end of the devolatilizing period based upon the light-transmitting values so determined; and, if necessary, adjusting the heating rate of the coke oven on subsequent coking cycles. Apparatus for obtaining such liquid catch specimens, and for determining such light-transmitting values is disclosed.

Abstract: At a coke oven of a coking plant, each operating machine is provided with a U-shaped detector unit equipped with infrared light gates. Each operating station of the coke oven is provided with a signal plate carrying positioning marker elements for fine tuning the positioning of the operating machine at the operating station and with identification marker elements for identifying the respective operating stations. Each infrared light gate includes an infrared light source and an infrared light sensor connected to an electronic evaluation circuit comprising a memory with a reading monitor for detecting and correlating the coded identification markers on the signal plates.

Abstract: A method for the dry cooling of coke comprises transferring the coke from the coke oven to a special bucket which is moved over a charging hole of a cooling pit. The space between the bucket and the charging hole is closed off and sealed against the atmosphere and a shutter which closes the top of the charging hole is moved upwardly and then transversely off the charging hole to open it as an intermediate charging guide piece is moved in position between the hole and the bucket for the transfer of the coke therebetween. The space between the bucket and the charging hole is sealed by a frame of a sluicing device in which the shutter and the intermediate charging hole guidepiece is movable. The device advantageously runs on wheels which are located outside the frame which seals the sapce between the charging bucket and the charging pit. The frame of the sluicing device advantageously includes a sealing element which engage into a recess seal combined around the charging hole.

Abstract: A construction for a battery of coke ovens and to a method for repairing m in which a continuous vertical joint plane is provided in the walls of the piers separating the ovens of the batteries, which walls are constructed of courses and headers and stretchers, the plane extending along one of the lateral faces of the headers, with one of the two adjacent stretchers of the course immediately above and below the header being longer than the other stretchers in the wall and the other being shorter so that the joint between them is located in the same vertical plane as the said faces of the headers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the regulation of the flow of fuel gas in the fuel gas supply duct of a heating wall of a coke oven to assure uniform heat distribution in the oven are provided. The regulating means consists of a thin plate having a similar shape to that of a fuel gas supply duct for insertion therein. Pivotally attached to and extending perpendicularly from the outer face of the plate are twin parallel control rods with gage marks inscribed thereon. To effect the regulation of fuel gas flow, the regulating means is inserted into the fuel gas supply duct at an appropriate location and the flow rate is adjusted by pivoting the plate by the manipulation of the adjusting rods.

Abstract: A process for utilizing waste heat and producing water gas during cooling of red-hot coke, in two stages, is indicated. In a first, dry cooling stage, a mixture of water gas and steam passes the coke charge, is recooled in a heat sink and recirculated into the first cooling stage, whereby it is possible to take off a part quantity of the gas mixture. In a second, wet cooling stage, water is fed into a quench zone and the steam formed is passed through the coke charge partially into the first cooling stage and partially released into the surroundings or fed back into the second cooling stage or partly released into the surroundings and partly fed back into the second cooling stage. Both the mixture of water gas and steam in the first cooling stage and the quench water or the steam formed from it in the second cooling stage are passed through the coke charge from the inside outwards.

Abstract: A sealing system primarily for use with a superatmospheric upflow oil shale retort is comprised of a first and second vertical vessel, with a first sealing screw being employed to transport the particles as a continuous bed from the first to the second vessel, and with a second sealing screw to transport the particles from the second vessel to discharge. In the first vessel, shale particles are cooled by contact with water, which usually generates noxious gases, such as hydrogen sulfide. These noxious gases are removed from the sealing system by the purging action of two sealing gas streams, the first sealing gas removing the bulk of the noxious gases from the first vessel, and the second sealing gas removing residual noxious gases from the second vessel.The shale particles are discharged to the environment from the second sealing screw in a dry condition, with a minimum emission of noxious gases.

Abstract: For drying organic solid materials such as, for example, brown coals, these materials are, after preheating, treated with saturated steam under a pressure of 5 to 45 bar and at a temperature of 150.degree. to 260.degree. C. Prior to the subsequent upgrading step, the water content can further be reduced by introducing superheated steam and/or a pressure relief, whereupon immediately subsequently an upgrading treatment, particularly a gasification under pressure, a briquetting or a coal liquification, is effected with the sensible or intrinsic heat from the drying stage. Preferably the dried organic solid materials are introduced into the upgrading stage while still being under a residual pressure of the drying stage.

Abstract: In a coking process, coal to be coked is preheated in a cascaded whirling bed drier into which the coal is charged from above and exposed to an indirect heat transfer while whirling in a coal-stream mixture. Hot gas applied to the heating pipes in respective cascades of the drier is branched off from the total amount of hot gases discharged from a dry cooler in which hot coke from the coke oven is cooled by recirculating cooler gas constituted by a partial gas stream discharged from the cascades of the drier and reunited with the other partial stream subject to a heat exchange for generating steam. Steam from the whirling beds is discharged from the cascaded drier, separated from the entrained dust particles, and then the excessive steam is drained in a branch conduit and the remaining steam is compressed and reintroduced into the lowermost whirling bed in the drier.

Abstract: Moist bulk coal is supplied into a fluidized bed drier into which is introduced a first heat carrier gas to thereby dry the moist coal to form dried coal. The dried coal is discharged from the drier and is transferred to a generally horizontal bulk material conveyor. A second heat carrier gas is injected through the bottom of the bulk material conveyor, thereby transporting the coal generally horizontally and preheating the coal to form preheated coal. The preheated coal is then discharged from the bulk material conveyor and is filled into a selected charging opening of a coke oven battery.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for depressurizing, cooling, and, optionally, moisturizing retorted oil shale produced in an oil shale retort operated at superatmospheric pressure. Hot retorted oil shale particles are gravitated from the retort and into an elongated, multichambered vessel. In the upper chambers of the vessel the particles are partially cooled by contact with a controlled flow of liquid water. The water, having been totally vaporized, is removed from the particles at a rate which prevents the substantial flow of gases between the vessel and the retort. In the lower chambers of the vessel, the particles are first stripped of entrained hydrocarbon gas by gravitating through a countercurrently flowing stream of stripping gas and then brought to ambient pressure by gravitating through a long, narrow seal leg. Optionally, the depressurized and partially cooled particles are then further cooled and moisturized by admixing with a controlled flow of liquid water.

Abstract: An injector for a high temperature gas distribution means comprising a distribution manifold having a heat-resistant lining with a central passage therethrough, and a refractory-lined injector communicating with the distribution manifold. The injector includes a nozzle disposed external to the manifold having a central opening and an inlet extending from the nozzle to the central passage. The cross-sectional area of the central opening in the nozzle in the direction of flow is smaller at least at one point than that of the inlet such that a major portion of the pressure drop in the gas flowing from the central passage through the inlet and the nozzle is created by the nozzle. By disposing the nozzle external to the distribution manifold, the flow rate of gas through cracks in the heat resistant manifold lining is minimized.

Abstract: Coal fines developed from the processing of coal through a preheating system are accumulated in a secondary cyclone system. The coal fines, at an elevated temperature, are mixed with a hydrocarbon organic binder and compressed into larger particles of sufficient structural integrity and mass to be fed directly through pneumatic pressure coke oven coal charging lines without significant size reduction, resulting in the elimination of fine coal build-up in one coke oven standpipes and charging mains as well as overloading of the charging liquor system.

Abstract: A method for increasing the wet bulk density of coking coal charges for code ovens which charges contain at least about 6 and as much as 13 weight percent moisture, to an optimum level of between about 47 and 50 pounds per cubic foot (753 to 801 kg per cubic meter) and for controlling and maintaining the bulk density at such optimum levels, the method including:(a) forming a 5 to 20 weight percent aqueous dispersion of a surfactant having a desired viscosity, and(b) applying a quantity of the aqueous dispersion to a quantity of coal equivalent to between about 0.5 and 2.5 pounds (0.227 and 1.135 kg) of surfactant per ton (907.2 kg) of coal,the surfactant being an alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol having a general formula: ##STR1## where R is an alkyl group having between about 8 and 12 carbon atoms, andn is an integer between 2 and 30,and is characterized by an HLB number in the range of about 4 and 18.

Abstract: A coke oven handling apparatus for use with a coke oven having a battery of horizontally arranged side by side coke ovens with a quenching car trackway for a coke quenching car disposed alongside the battery outwardly of a coke cake guide car which is also movable along the ovens of the battery on a guide car trackway comprises a stationary closed gas exhaust system which has an exhaust connection adjacent the quenching car. The support structure provides a support for a hood and a trackway for the hood adjacent the quenching car trackway and a structure is supported upon and movable along the hood support and trackway structure. The hood structure includes a first hood portion of vertically deep size which is adapted to be positioned adjacent a coke cake guide car in a position to overlie coke being pushed through the guide car into the quenching car.

Abstract: An offset expansion joint and method of installing the same in a repaired or rebuilt furnace, such as a coke oven or the like, comprises at least two segments of ceramic fiber spaced laterally from one another and separated by silica bricks and a barrier of silica mortar which extends along an edge of each segment and along an edge of each of the bricks by which the segments are spaced, the silica mortar having the ability to set up when exposed to about 2200.degree. F. to prevent passage of gas through the expansion joint in the area of the horizontal flue of the coke oven.

Abstract: An improved process and system for drying moist particulate carbonaceous materials. The invention has particular application to staged drying processes wherein the particulate material is entrained in one or more serially connect hot gas streams having a temperature above the degradation point of the carbonaceous material. The improvement includes providing contactors between the stages which intimately mix and contact the variously sized particles resulting in partial cooling of the smaller hot and dry particles and partial heating of the larger cool and relatively moist particles. The contactor may be provided by a rotating drum, moving bed, fixed bed or fluidized bed. The contactors prevent overheating of small particles during moisture removal and reduce hydrocarbon loss from small particle devolatilization.

Abstract: The emission of solid particles during the discharging of a horizontal coking oven or furnace is substantially reduced or eliminated. For this purpose the hot air and gas convection flow which carries the solid particles substantially vertically upwardly is exposed to a shower or spray of water drops which are directed substantially horizontally into the upward convection flow. The volume, surface tension, density and speed of the water drops are coordinated relative to one another so that the water drops are loaded by taking up the solid particles whereupon the loaded drops sink down in a countercurrent flow to the upward convection flow. The solid particles carrying the water drops are removed from the convection flow by a plurality of baffles arranged in a chimney or stack in a staggered relationship so that the upward convection flow can pass through between adjacent baffles which are inclined toward respective collecting channels.

Abstract: A process for utilizing waste heat and for obtaining water gas during the cooling of incandescent coke ejected from a chamber oven is described, this process being in two stages. In the first stage, the coke is dry-cooled with a mixture of water gas and water vapor as the cooling gas. This is circulated, and from the circuit the desired waste heat and the desired water gas are extracted. In the second stage, the coke is wet-cooled with water. The water vapor formed is taken off and returned to the environment and/or to the second stage.

Abstract: Coal is pretreated for a coking plant so that it is passed in two stages through two throughflow driers successively connected with one another, the driers are supplied with a heat carrier formed by a steam overheated to a temperature between 400.degree. and 600.degree. C., dust is removed from the steam after passing the throughflow driers, and the steam is heated after the dust removal in a heat exchange with a circulating gas of a coke dry cooler.

Abstract: A travelling bed drier is disclosed, for operation of a carbonization or coking plant in which pre-heating of coal is performed. Adapted so that a fluidized bed drier can be superposed thereon, the travelling. bed drier possesses a heat exchange tube within a frame, the tube displaying a surface increased through suitable design such as fins or ribs, a conical tapering in the direction of the coal feed, and discharge connections located at different levels on a side of the frame lying opposite vapor or hot gas entry, the connections being for the discharge of exhaust gas-containing vapors.

Abstract: A heated chamber having at least one opening; closure means for closing said at least one opening, said closure means having at least a closed and open position; said closure means and said opening having surfaces disposed for coming into proximity of one another in said closed position, said surfaces forming a primary sealing means for said heated chamber in said closed position, there being a substance applied to at least one of said proximate surfaces, said substance having a property of expanding upon the application of heat thereby forming a secondary sealing means between said proximate surfaces in said closed position.

Abstract: Enclosure and exhaust apparatus is provided to enhance control and removal of coke-side emissions during a push in the operation of a coke oven battery. The gaseous and entrained particulate emissions are initially confined to a first longitudinally extending containment zone where the emissions are directed, under the influence of its gaseous thermal drive, upwardly and laterally outwardly away from the coke-side face of the battery. The emissions are then transferred, at the peak of the first containment zone, laterally, through a gas expansion throat, into a second longitudinally extending containment zone that is adjacent and parallel to the first containment zone. Contemporaneously with entering the second containment zone, a portion of the emissions is removed therefrom through an exhaust conduit located at the upper reaches or peak portion of the second containment zone.

Abstract: A coke-oven door for use in combination with a coke-oven chamber having an upright doorjamb has a door panel whose periphery is complementary to the doorjamb and which is provided with a seal extending around that periphery between the same and the doorjamb. A plug with a heat-insulating outer wall is carried on this panel within the seal and projects through the doorjamb into the chamber. This plug is formed with a vertically extending and upwardly open passage bounded by a metallic inner wall having gaps by which gases produced during coking adjacent the plug enter the passage on their way to a flue, exchanging heat through the metallic wall with the charge in the oven and thereby aiding the coking operation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the dry cooling of coke involves the provision of a vessel having therein first and second zones in full communication with each other. Hot coke from a coking operation is introduced into the first zone and is passed through the first and second zones. Raw coke oven gas from the coking operation is introduced into the first zone, thereby reducing the temperature of the coke, while cleaning the raw coke oven gas to form cleaned coke oven gas. The cleaned coke oven gas is removed from the first zone, cooled, and then directly or indirectly utilized as a heat carrier gas introduced into the second zone to therein further reduce the temperature of the coke. The thereby further cooled coke is removed from the second zone.

Abstract: A coke delivery device 10 includes a swingable chute 16 for guiding coke pushed from a coke oven through a coke rack 12 into a quench car 24.The chute 16 is drivingly interconnected with a moveable fume hood 14 whereby lowering the fume hood over the quench car positions the chute 16 for coke guiding. Raising the fume hood moves the chute from the coke guiding position to a storage position concurrently spreading coke pushed into the quench car and dumping any coke remaining on the chute into the quench car.

Abstract: A method and a device for feeding purging and degraphitizing air into pipes for rich gas leading to the heating walls of coke ovens. In the device a first cross-sectional opening is connected to a pipe for rich gas. This opening can be opened and closed with a first gate and is adapted to initially release only a relatively small cross-sectional aperture for passing purging air therethrough. A second cross-sectional opening is provided in the device, which is connected to the pipe for rich gas. The second opening can be opened and closed with a second gate and is adapted to release successively, with a time delay after the first cross-sectional opening, a relatively larger cross-section for passing degraphitizing air therethrough. An exchangeable screen can be placed in the aperture in the first cross-sectional opening. The degraphitizing air enters the pipe for burning off the graphite deposits resulting from the rich gas.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process and apparatus for pyrolyzing particulate coal by heating with a particulate solid heating media in a transport reactor. The invention tends to dampen fluctuations in the flow of heating media upstream of the pyrolysis zone, and by so doing forms a substantially continuous and substantially uniform annular column of heating media flowing downwardly along the inside diameter of the reactor. The invention is particularly useful for bituminous or agglomerative type coals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the extraction of energy values from l shale containing considerable concentrations of calcium carbonate in an efficient manner. The volatiles are separated from the oil shale in a retorting zone of a fluidized bed where the temperature and the concentration of oxygen are maintained at sufficiently low levels so that the volatiles are extracted from the oil shale with minimal combustion of the volatiles and with minimal calcination of the calcium carbonate. These gaseous volatiles and the calcium carbonate flow from the retorting zone into a freeboard combustion zone where the volatiles are burned in the presence of excess air. In this zone the calcination of the calcium carbonate occurs but at the expense of less BTU's than would be required by the calcination reaction in the event both the retorting and combustion steps took place simultaneously. The heat values in the products of combustion are satisfactorily recovered in a suitable heat exchange system.

Abstract: Superheated steam is continuously made to flow through the housing of a device which conveys coal from a bunker to the charging holes of coke ovens. While no charging takes place, the steam is vented from the housing and condensed. When charging does take place, the steam enters the coke oven with the coal, is then discharged from the coke oven, and thereupon condensed. The pressure of the steam in the housing may be greater than ambient atmospheric pressure and/or the pressure of the coking gas in the oven, to reliably prevent the entry of the air and/or the gas into the housing and thus to avoid the formation of dangerous gas mixtures therein.

Abstract: Enclosure and exhaust apparatus is provided to enhance control and removal of coke-side emissions during a push in the operation of a coke oven battery. The gaseous and entrained particulate emissions are initially confined to a first longitudinally extending containment zone where the emissions are directed, under the influence of its gaseous thermal drive, upwardly and laterally outwardly away from the coke-side face of the battery. The emissions are then transferred, at the peak of the first containment zone, laterally, through a gas expansion throat, into a second longitudinally extending containment zone that is adjacent and parallel to the first containment zone. Contemporaneously with entering the second containment zone, a portion of the emissions is removed therefrom through an exhaust conduit located at the upper reaches or peak portion of the second containment zone.

Abstract: A method of operating a conveying and storage system associated with a coal pre-heating installation, supplying pre-heated coal to a coking oven battery, the system including a series of conveyors (16, 17, 19, 20) for carrying coal from the pre-heating installation (10, 11) into a plurality of storage hoppers (21) and metering bins (22), a plurality of interconnecting pipes (29, 30, 31, 46, 47) ensuring maintained flow of gases through the system, there being an inert gas generator (26) for introducing inert gas into the series of conveyors, the method including the step of discharging a mixture of inert and combustible gases from the system into a gas collecting main (24) of the coking oven battery (23) to which pre-heated coal is supplied from the metering bins (22).

Abstract: A three-cycle process as disclosed for drying and preheating coking coal using the heat from cooled coke. Cooling gas is passed over hot coke to heat the cooling gas and cool the coke. The heated cooling gas is then passed through a waste heat boiler and then back to the hot coke in a coke cooling chamber. This completes the first closed cycle. Water is supplied to the waste heat boiler to form steam. The steam is supplied to a fluidized bed of wet coal to indirectly preheat and dry the wet coal in a second cycle. The wet coal is fluidized using fluidizing gas which converts water in the wet coal into steam. Some of the steam is condensed from the combination of fluidizing gas plus steam and then the fluidizing gas is returned to the bed. Steam from the waste heat boiler is also supplied to the fluidizing gas before it re-enters the bed to heat the fluidizing gas.

Abstract: A discharger is disclosed for a dry coke cooling chamber which utilizes a breeches chute having a plurality of outlets. The breeches chute is supplied with coke by a continuously operable conveyor which conveys coke from an outlet of the cooling chamber to an inlet of the breeches chute. A tilting table or other apparatus is provided in the breeches chute to selectively discharge the coke to one of the breeches chute outlets. A lock bin is provided at each of the outlets to receive coke and, at the same time to isolate the cooling chamber in a gastight fashion from the atmosphere.

Abstract: A plurality of sole flue-heated, non-recovery coke ovens constructed in side-by-side relation in a battery have their chimney uptake outlets connected to a common combustion tunnel extending longitudinally of and above the battery and connected to stacks at spaced intervals along its length. Each oven has a bypass flue directly connecting the top of its coking chamber to the combustion tunnel, and a normally closed valve in each bypass is operable to selectively connect the coking chamber to the tunnel to permit charging gases to be drawn from the chambers to be burned in the tunnel and stack. The bypass valve is closed during coking so that the partially burned gases from the crown of the coking chambers are led through downcomers in the oven walls to the sole flues where a controlled amount of combustion air can be admitted to promote the continued burning process and provide maximum heat in the sole flues.

Abstract: Instruments measure and periodically store coke vertical temperature profile data sets at multiple coke guide levels within expected level range. Computer detects highest level in each data set above a reference temperature and terminal plots coke level as a function thereof.

Abstract: Metal substrate surfaces are protected against carbon accumulation when exposed to an environment wherein carbon-containing gases are decomposed. The protection is accomplished by the use of tantalum and/or tungsten entities deposited and/or diffused into the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A plant for pre-heating by fluidizing and for milling coking coal in a treatment chamber is combined, by means of heat a exchanger interposed in a circuit for recirculating heat-conveying gas, with a plant for the dry quenching of hot coke in a quenching chamber. The flow, through the heat exchanger, of recycled quenching fumes of the coke is regulated in dependence on the rate at which the coal is introduced into the treatment chamber by a screw conveyor. An auxiliary heat combustion chamber permits precise control of the temperature in the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A substantially closed shed cooperates with the coke discharge end of a coke oven battery to enclose the quench car tracks and coke guide tracks along the entire length of the battery and extends to the quenching tower for confining both the large volume of particulate and gaseous emissions released during pushing of coke and the substantially smaller volume of fugitive emissions escaping around the oven doors substantially throughout the coking operation. A first exhaust conduit extends along and opens into the top of the gabled roof of the coke shed along substantially its full length, and a plurality of offtake conduits provide fluid communication from the first exhaust duct at spaced intervals along its length with a main exhaust duct.