Abstract: Electric-powered, closed-loop, continuous-feed, endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a shaftless auger. In another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a drag conveyor. In yet another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a distillation and/or fractionating stage. The endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods feature mechanisms for natural resource recovery, refining, and recycling, such as secondary recovery of metals, minerals, nutrients, and/or carbon char.

Abstract: A device for rapidly preparing ?-Si3N4 by gas-solid reaction and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of recycling and reuse of waste fine silicon powder. The bottom of a stock bin communicates with a first opening and closing passage, a first connection passage, and the top of a first transitional bin; the bottom of the first transitional bin communicates with the first opening and closing passage, a second connection passage, and the top of a reaction bin; the bottom of the reaction bin communicates with a second opening and closing passage, the first connection passage, and the top of a second transitional bin; the bottom of the second transitional bin communicates with the top of a conveying passage through the first opening and closing passage; a material outlet of the conveying bin communicates with the collection bin.

Abstract: A device and process for the vacuum pyrolization of scrap tires to produce a pyrolytic oil from which valuable terpenes such as limonene and pulegone may be extracted and purified.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for obtaining hydrocarbons from organic or inorganic solid waste, wherein said system comprises: an inlet chamber, within which is a mixer assembly which mixes and conveys the waste through said chamber, which is also at ambient temperature, thus avoiding any thermal shock to the solid waste for processing; a dehydration chamber with a mixing assembly therein, and the upper part of this chamber contains an expansion chamber for promoting more efficient molecular breakdown; the thermal breakdown is carried out in two reactors which are operated at different temperatures, the first thermal disassociation reactor which has inside a mixer unit, and which in its upper part houses an expansion chamber, the second thermal breakdown reactor, therein has a mixer unit, and in the upper portion thereof houses an expansion chamber and at the top end thereof a vertical expansion tower; wherein the thermolytic steam is homogenized, a separator of heavy hydrocarbons, which does not require

Abstract: A process for the pyrolysis of waste material and/or organic material in a pyrolysis reactor is provided. According to the process, the material is placed in the reactor and heated with an induction heater, optionally in the presence of one or more soft magnets. The products of the pyrolysis reaction, such as gases and liquids may be collected in a storage vessel attached to the reactor. A pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis of waste and/or organic material is also provided.

Abstract: A process for the thermal-chemical modification treatment of wood is described, in which such a modification is obtained through multiple chemical reactions of the substances comprising the wood structure generated by exposing the wood to temperatures at which the pyrolysis phenomenon begins, i.e., in the range of 180° C.-240° C., in a vacuum autoclave-cell while always maintaining the internal pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, in a range of values of 70-350 mBar of absolute pressure, consisting in the steps of pre-heating, actual heat treatment, and cooling of a wood mass.

Abstract: A device for regulating the chamber pressure of coking chambers of a coke-oven battery using adjustable iris diaphragms or iris nozzles at the ascending pipe elbow openings in the raw gas receiver. The gas stream flowing from the gas chamber of a coking chamber into the raw gas receiver can thus be regulated so that the pressure in the gas chamber of the coking chamber can be controlled. A method is also disclosed for regulating the gas stream which flows out the gas chamber of a coking chamber, wherein the pressure in the coking chamber is regulated by the control, and wherein also the liquid stream is regulated which serves to wash out the coking gases from the raw gas stream of the coking chamber.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas, and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas, and recycled contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coking plant. The coking plant includes a series of coke ovens, each oven including a coking chamber provided with side unloading doors. The chamber communicates with a riser provided with a coking-gas discharge pipe. The discharge pipes of each oven lead into a collecting cylinder, which is in turn connected to a coking gas treatment circuit. At least one discharge pipe of one of the ovens further includes a device for spraying pressurized liquid onto the wall of the discharge pipe. The liquid flows counter-current with respect to the direction of the flow of the gases exiting the chamber. The present invention also provides a method for controlling such a plant.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method and an apparatus relating to the dry distillation of raw biomaterial and to the recovery of different compounds as a continuous process. In the method according to the invention, raw material is dry distilled in at least two separate dry distillation zones maintained in pressures and/or temperatures different from each other. A multi-layer dry distiller pertaining to the apparatus according to the invention consists of at least two separate dry distillation tubes maintained in different pressures and/or temperatures from each other to implement different dry distillation zones.

Abstract: A rotary retort system includes a pressurized furnace vessel configured to be operated within a desired elevated pressure range and within a desired elevated temperature range, and a rotary retort positioned within the pressurized furnace vessel and configured to be operated within the substantially the same elevated pressure range as the pressurized furnace vessel. The rotary retort is configured for mixing and advancing a material disposed therein.

Abstract: A process and system for the controlled thermal conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: exposing the feedstock to one or more predetermined temperatures and one or more predetermined pressures for one or more predetermined amounts of time in one or more chambers to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes one or more of methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and one or more noxious chemicals and the solid product includes Carbon; sequestration enabling at least a portion of the Carbon by creating associated Lewis Acid Sites; sequestering at least one of the one or more noxious chemicals in the one or more chambers using the sequestration enabled Carbon; and controlling the constituents of the gas product using feedback, thereby providing a predictable and stable gas product from an unknown and/or variable feedstock.

Abstract: A processor for vacuum distillation of whole tires including; an insulated housing having a door on one end, and rails on a lower surface of the housing to support a cart loaded with whole tires. A plurality of first heat tubes arranged around and spaced from a central radiant heat tube, the central radiant heat tube having an unsupported end adjacent the door such that whole tires loaded on the cart and through the door will pass over the central radiant heat tube such that the central radiant heat tube is located in a central opening of each tire on the cart.

Abstract: A liquid condensation system heats a liquid raw material under a decompressed circumstance and evaporates a volatile component from a liquid surface to condense the liquid raw material. Therefore, the liquid condensation system includes: liquid condensers, each of which condenses the liquid raw material; a vacuum pump that is in communication with the liquid condensers; and a warm water circulation system as a heating source that heats the liquid raw material in the liquid condensers. The volatile component evaporated in the liquid condensers is led to the outside of the liquid condensers through vapor lines. The condensed liquid that is not evaporated in the liquid condensers is led to the outside of the liquid condensers through condensed-liquid lines. Condensed-liquid-line adjusting valves are interposed on the condensed-liquid lines, and heating means is attached to the condensed-liquid lines. A control unit controls the heating means and the condensed-liquid-line adjusting valves.

Abstract: A pyrolysis process and reactor converts various hydrocarbons such as waste materials, for example, scrap polymers, tires, etc., into various chemical components or amounts thereof, not otherwise produced by conventional pyrolytic processes. A large reactor size is utilized in association with a low heat input per unit weight of charge. A thick pyrolyzate/“char” layer is formed during pyrolysis. The product or various components thereof can be utilized as a fuel or octane additive.

Abstract: A chimney tray for a column for thermal treatment of a liquid. The chimney tray includes a total take-off of liquid by a drain connection arranged at an edge of the chimney tray, and having one or more drain channels having a gradient in a direction of the drain connection, and having a gradient in a direction of the one or more drain channels.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is disclosed for reclaiming volatile products and non-volatile residue through the pyrolysis of a polymeric material comprising placing the polymeric material in a reactor and establishing an oxygen deficient atmosphere in a reactor. The polymeric material is simultaneously compressed and heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the polymeric material to produce volatile products and non-volatile residue. The volatile products and non-volatile residue are subsequently removed from the reactor and collected.

Abstract: Garbage and waste of all types that includes or comprises organic matter, particularly including medical waste, plastics, paper, food waste, animal by-products, and the like, can be economically recycled into petroleum products, including oil. Machinery performs a method that mimics natural processes but accomplishes the task in minutes, at rates of about 15 tons per day in a typical processing machine, rather than taking hundreds of thousands of years in nature. The process and apparatus of the invention may chop the waste into small pieces, under negative pressure if appropriate, and then pass the waste into first and then second augers for compression and heating. Destructive distillation occurs, in which large molecular weight hydrocarbons and petrochemicals are heated by hot oil passing through the hollow shaft and by circulating hot, dense, hard material, such as steel balls or fragments or hard rock pieces and such, under pressure with steam, to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A pressure controller for a coke box has a fan assembly and a valve assembly selectively coupling the fan assembly to the coke box. A barometer senses a pressure level in the coke box. A control element controls a speed of the fan assembly to maintain the pressure level in the coke box below a desired pressure level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing fuel and carbon black from rubber are disclosed. The method and apparatus produce a liquid fuel that is low in sulfur content, gaseous hydrocarbons, and solid carbonaceous materials from used rubber tires. Rubber is heated under negative pressures in the presence of a minimal amount of oxygen. The methods and apparatus of the present invention also produce little air emissions and conserve energy.

Abstract: Gaseous, liguid and solid fuels are recovered from carbonaceous organic waste material by treating charges of waste material in several successive stages including preheating, drying and conversion into solid and gaseous phases, all as a result of heating in a common vessel or in two or three successive vessels. The solid phases are thereupon cooled prior to admission into a bin, either in a separate vessel or in the vessel for conversion into solid and gaseous phases. The gaseous phases are treated to separate oil from reaction water, combustible gases and inert gases. The charges are heated from without and are sealed from the atmosphere during all four stages of treatment. Each charge is mixed during heating and the intensity of mixing action, the heating action and/or the pressure in the vessel can be varied during one or more stages.

Abstract: Vertically elongate pockets are defined between fixed and horizontally movable vertical refractory walls. When the bottom of the pocket is closed, coal dropped into the pocket from above is compressed between the fixed and movable walls and heated to coking temperature by hot gases in vertical flues extending through the refractory walls. When coked, the moveable wall recedes and the coke therein drops into a shaft furnace below, where devolatilization is complete and the coke is quenched in an inert gas atmosphere, which is totally enclosed to prevent air pollution.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing a continuous thermal treatment of organic carbonaceous materials under controlled pressure in which the feed material is introduced into the system in the form of a slurry, and the level of liquid is maintained at a preselected operating level, serving as a gas-tight seal. The feed material is conveyed upwardly of the liquid operating level and is thereafter introduced into a reaction chamber in which it is heated to within a controlled elevated temperature range under controlled pressure in a manner to effect vaporization of at least a portion of the volatile substances therein, forming a gaseous phase composed of condensible and noncondensible vapors.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the heat treatment of volatile containing materials in a rotary hearth type furnace wherein the flue gases emanating from the calciner are employed to create either a positive or negative pressure within the calciner hearth as well as the soaking pit area of the said calciner.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for processing coal and like material, wherein the material is converted by heat into plastic-like condition and then supplied to a pressurized receiver such as a coal gasification reactor or a synthesis gas generator.