Abstract: An oil well cement slurry high-temperature suspension stabilizer prepared from oil-based shale drilling cuttings is provided. The high-temperature suspension stabilizer is reasonable in principle, inexpensive and easily available in raw materials, high in product uniformity and good in chemical stability. Meanwhile, waste is changed into wealth. Therefore, the high-temperature suspension stabilizer is environment-friendly and has a broad industrial application prospect.

Abstract: A solid hazardous waste pyrolysis process and full-set equipment including a pyrolysis box for hazardous waste and intermittent pyrolysis equipment. The equipment includes an outer and rotatable inner barrel; at least one pyrolysis material placement area is formed in the inner barrel; the placement area formed by multiple groups of guide plates circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the barrel and baffles arranged on the top of plates at the two ends; each group of plates include vertical and sieve plates that are connected. Hazardous waste placed in the pyrolysis box; a box body is placed between the baffles of the pyrolysis material placement areas; after a pyrolysis device is sealed, heat is carried out to start pyrolysis; the box body rotates at the bottom of the inner barrel; and a material is heated, melts and falls onto the reaction medium below, completing pyrolysis of solid hazardous waste.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the oil and water fractions of a fluid, such as a drilling fluid. The apparatus includes a vessel body having an inner chamber coupled with a fluid inlet and an outlet. A heating element is coupled with the vessel body operable to communicate heat sufficient to vaporize a fluid within the vessel body to a gas. A gas analytical device is coupled with the outlet operable to measure components of the gas exiting the vessel body via the outlet. A rotary milling cutter translatable through the inner chamber and into solids remaining from the vaporized fluid, and having cutters operable to break solids within the inner chamber remaining from the vaporized fluid. The solids may be ejected through a solids discharge port.

Abstract: High thermal transfer, hollow core extrusion screws (50, 52, 124, 126, 190) include elongated hollow core shafts (54, 128, 130, 192) equipped with helical fighting (56, 132, 134, 194) along the lengths thereof. The fighting (132, 134, 194) may also be of hollow construction which communicates with the hollow core shafts (54, 128, 130, 192). Structure (88, 90) is provided for delivery of heat exchange media (e.g., steam) into the hollow core shafts (54, 128, 130, 192) and the hollow fighting (132, 134, 194). The fighting (56, 132, 134, 194) also includes a forward, reverse pitch section (64, 162, 216). The extrusion screws (50, 52, 124, 126, 190) are designed to be used as complemental pairs as a part of twin screw processing devices (20), and are designed to impart high levels of thermal energy into materials being processed in the devices (20), without adding additional moisture.

Abstract: A machine produces twisted paper for loose file packaging. The machine includes at least one auger to reduce a dimension, such as diameter, of paper as it is pulled from a roll. The material moves past the auger into a twisting assembly wherein the paper is twisted or rotated about a longitudinal axis of the machine inside a pipe or tube. The pipe or tube includes a cutout or interruption in the sidewall within which a wheel resides. The wheel grasps and advances the paper through the twisting assembly as it rotates. As the paper leaves the twisting assembly it is pulled or otherwise fed through an exist region and is cut into segments of small twisted pieces of paper. The twisted segments of paper are of suitable size for use as loose fill packaging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus that is part of a reusable fuel processing unit that allows the absorption of char contained within vapor that is leaving the reactor including a gear box, gearbox housing, support flange and seal, exhaust housing, exhaust port, connecting flange, screw top split housing, vertical steal housing, three augers with drive shafts on each auger contained within the steel housing, discharge flange, support ring, expansion cart, and cam followers.

Abstract: A continuous converter for pyrolyzing or otherwise processing biomass or other solid organic feed materials includes a reaction chamber (5) for producing a solid carbon-containing product and a gas product and optionally a liquid water product via pyrolysis or other reaction mechanisms from a solid organic feed material. The chamber has an inlet (41) for supplying a solid organic feed material to the chamber and separate outlets (15, 35) for the solid carbon-containing product and the gas product produced in the reaction chamber. The inlet and the solid carbon-containing product outlet are configured so that the solid materials in the inlet and in the outlet form respective gas seals in the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for pyrolyzing a carbonaceous material and producing char and volatiles includes a vessel having an inlet for the carbonaceous material, an outlet for the char and the volatiles, and a first pathway therebetween. The vessel has wall portions with interior surfaces that define the first pathway. Further, the vessel has a heat exchange medium inlet, outlet and a second pathway therebetween. The first and second pathways are in heat exchange proximity to each other and the second pathway is defined by interior surfaces of the, or other, wall interior portions of the vessel. At least some of the interior wall portions of the vessel project into an interior space of the vessel such that at least one of the first and second pathways is non-linear.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a granular fertilizer onto a surface. The apparatus comprises a housing, one or more wheels, a handle, and an auger. The housing has a first end, a second end, an enclosed tubular bore, a first opening facing generally upward, a second opening facing generally downward, and a weephole facing generally downward. The one or more wheels are connected to the housing for supporting the housing with respect to the surface. The handle is configured to be grasped by a user to cause movement of the housing relative to the surface. The auger is housed within the enclosed tubular bore. Rotation of the auger transports the granular fertilizer along the enclosed tubular bore of the housing from the first opening to the second opening to control an amount of the granular fertilizer that is dispensed from the second opening onto the surface.

Abstract: A process and system for the controlled thermal conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: exposing the feedstock to one or more predetermined temperatures and one or more predetermined pressures for one or more predetermined amounts of time in one or more chambers to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes one or more of methane, Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen, and one or more noxious chemicals and the solid product includes Carbon and Carbon nano-structures; sequestration enabling at least a portion of the Carbon by creating associated Lewis Acid Sites; sequestering at least one of the one or more noxious chemicals in the one or more chambers using the sequestration enabled Carbon; and controlling the constituents of the gas product using feedback, thereby providing a predictable and stable gas product from an unknown and/or variable feedstock and communicating data via SmartGrid communications protocols.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of torrefaction of an optionally predried biomass in a torrefaction reactor such that torrefied biomass and torrefaction gases are obtained, and wherein an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the torrefaction reactor at a first position in the reactor such that oxygen reacts with components of the torrefaction gases under the formation of heat and wherein torrefaction gases are withdrawn from the torrefaction reactor at a second position of the torrefaction reactor and wherein the first position is located downstream of the second position in relation to a biomass transport direction in the torrefaction reactor such that the torrefaction gases moves through the torrefaction reactor countercurrent with the biomass transport and wherein the optionally predried biomass has a temperature of between 30° C. and 230° C., preferably between 50° C. and 200° C., most preferably between 60° C. and 180° C. when entering the torrefaction rector.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing product gas fuel and solid char fuel from a carbon-containing feedstock are described. Feedstock is introduced into and transported through at least one substantially horizontal sublimation reaction chamber. An initial and final sublimation temperature is maintained within less than ±10° C. in an atmosphere free from external oxygen and externally supplied catalyst. The system is configured to not have any product gas leak out of the reaction chamber or oxygen leak into a hot box configured to heat the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A reactor and its internals used for the thermal processing of a mixture. The reactor comprises plates and at least part of the surface of said plates is used to perform said thermal processing. The reactor and its internals are used for the thermal processing of mixtures containing organic compounds. The processes, for thermal processing a mixture comprising organic compounds, comprising the steps of feeding the reactor and its internals and being useful for treating wastes oils and/or for destroying hazardous and/or toxic products; and/or for reusing waste products in an environmentally acceptable form and/or way, and/or for cleaning contaminated soils or beaches, and/or cleaning tar pits, and/or use in coal-oil co-processing, and/or recovering oil from oil spills, and/or PCB free transformed oils. A process for fabricating the reactor and its internals is also proposed.

Abstract: A process and system for the controlled thermal conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, including: exposing the feedstock to one or more predetermined temperatures and one or more predetermined pressures for one or more predetermined amounts of time in one or more chambers to produce a gas product and a solid product, wherein the gas product includes one or more of methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and one or more noxious chemicals and the solid product includes Carbon; sequestration enabling at least a portion of the Carbon by creating associated Lewis Acid Sites; sequestering at least one of the one or more noxious chemicals in the one or more chambers using the sequestration enabled Carbon; and controlling the constituents of the gas product using feedback, thereby providing a predictable and stable gas product from an unknown and/or variable feedstock.

Abstract: A pyrolyzer capable of generating synthesis gas from carbon-based feedstock comprises an oven including an oven shell defining an interior and at least one conveyor configured to move the feedstock through the interior from a feed inlet to a discharge outlet. An outer shell surrounds the oven shell defines a space between the oven shell and the outer shell and a plurality of longitudinally extending dividers are connected to the outer shell and span to the oven shell within the space so as to define multiple temperature control zones therein where each temperature control zone includes one or more heaters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for gasifying a hydrocarbon feedstock are provided. The hydrocarbon feedstock can be gasified in the presence of one or more particulates to produce a syngas and one or more carbon-containing particulates. At least a portion of the carbon of the one or more carbon-containing particulates can be combusted in a combustion process external to the gasifying of the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a combustion gas. The combustion gas can be utilized in one or more processes external to the gasifying of the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for performing chemical processes, where raw materials are heated, wherein a melt pool is produced in a tank or reactor using low-melting metals or metal alloys, wherein the raw materials are metered directly into the melt pool in the lower part of the tank or reactor.

Abstract: A portable reactor system for pyrolysis of waste plastic materials is provided. The reactor system can be easily scaled up or down and can be operated directly at the location where waste plastic materials are generated. Methods converting the plastic materials into fuel and other useful materials are also provided.

Abstract: A system and method of converting tires or other solid carbon based material is described, wherein the system and method includes providing a chamber, feeding tires or other solid carbon based material or both into the chamber, rotating the chamber and heating and reducing the material in the chamber, collecting solid residue from the chamber, collecting vapor from the chamber, and converting vapor collected from the chamber to a liquid. The chamber has an interior surface and can include one or more ribs on the interior surface for rotating and tumbling the material in the chamber while heating the material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dust separating and carrier returning device, which comprises: an outer raw material transfer passage (1) and an inner carrier returning passage (2), and a sieve cage (4) with one end thereof connected with the raw material transfer passage (1) and the other end sealed; a spiral conveyer belt is provided between the sieve cage (4) and the carrier returning passage (2), with the two sides thereof connected to the inner wall of the sieve cage (4) and the outer wall of the carrier returning passage (2); and the end of the spiral conveyer belt is connected to the rear port of the carrier returning passage (2) via a guide plate (5). The above device achieves the dedusting of the carrier during the transmission process and the returning of the dedusted carrier to another working circle, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing the number of manufacturing process steps which in turn reduces the process cost.

Abstract: The positive-displacement pump (10) includes a pump body (12) delimiting a rubber pressurizing chamber (14), and a feeder (16) for feeding the chamber (14) with rubber. The feeder (16) includes a worm (42) able to rotate about a main axis (X) with respect to the pump body (12) and an absorption body (50) that absorbs pressure in the pressurizing chamber (14) and is axially secured to the worm (42). The absorption body (50) is distinct from the worm (42), and has a surface (54) delimiting the pressurizing chamber (14) and arranged axially in line with the worm (42).

Abstract: An energy conversion system comprises a plurality of concentrically arranged combustion chambers for passing incinerated waste plastic fuel along a generally S-shaped combustion path into a discharge section for thermally coupling the incinerated waste plastic fuel to a fluid material to facilitate an energy conversion process. The combustion chambers are arranged concentrically around a single rotatable feed mechanism and the combustion chambers are in fluid communication with one another. The fluid material is contained within a boiler in fluid communication with the combustion chambers for heating the fluid material to facilitate the energy conversion process.

Abstract: A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft.

Abstract: A gasification reactor includes a wiper system including at least one wiper blade operable to wipe an interior surface of the reactor. A condenser unit of the gasification reactor includes a scraper system including at least one scraper segment operable to scrape an interior surface of the condenser unit.

Abstract: The present technology describes apparatus, systems, and methods for the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous feedstocks through continuous pyrolysis. A reciprocating reactor is described that includes an inner reactor pipe and an outer reactor pipe. The outer reactor pipe has a first portion that surrounds the inner reactor pipe forming an annulus space, and a second portion that extends beyond the inner reactor pipe and forms a turnaround zone. The inner reactor pipe defines an inner reactor zone that produces partially reacted carbonaceous feedstock, and the annulus space defines an outer reactor zone that produces product gases and solids.

Abstract: A method of removing organic components from a mixture containing organic and inorganic components which method involves providing an induction heated screw conveyor having an auger and passing the mixture through the induction heated screw conveyor while inductively heating the auger so as to heat the mixture in the induction heated screw conveyor primarily from the center of the induction heated screw conveyor. The mixture is heated to a temperature that is sufficient to cause the organic components in the mixture to separate from the mixture as a vapor. The oxygen concentration in the induction heated screw conveyor is controlled so as to gasify the organic components. The gasified organic components are removed and the remaining inorganic components are collected.

Abstract: A method of separating a high boiling component from a mixture containing organic and/or inorganic boiling components which method involves providing an induction heated screw conveyor having an auger and passing the mixture through the induction heated screw conveyor while inductively heating the auger so as to heat the mixture in the induction heated screw conveyor. The mixture is heated to a temperature that is sufficient to cause the boiling component(s) to separate from the mixture as a vapor and the boiling component is removed from the induction heated screw conveyor.

Abstract: A process for multistage thermal treatment of rubber waste, in particular scrap tires, is proposed. The process comprises several steps of transferring a product granulate of rubber waste into three different sequencing heating zones of a reactor (10). In the heating zones (11a, 11b, 11c) the product granulate is heated at a first temperature between 100° to 200° C., preferably 150° to 180° C., then at a second temperature between 200° to 350° C. and at a third temperature between 300° to 600° C. The temperature is maintained until such time that no further oil is emitted within the respective heating zone. As a final step, the product granulate is removed from the reactor (10) and the desirable solid materials are separated.

Abstract: The disclosure encompasses in-line reactive condensation processes via vapor phase esterification of bio-oil to decease reactive species concentration and water content in the oily phase of a two-phase oil, thereby increasing storage stability and heating value. Esterification of the bio-oil vapor occurs via the vapor phase contact and subsequent reaction of organic acids with ethanol during condensation results in the production of water and esters. The pyrolysis oil product can have an increased ester content and an increased stability when compared to a condensed pyrolysis oil product not treated with an atomized alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a destructive distillation apparatus, comprising a destructive distillation drum; a feeding drum and a discharge drum, respectively located at each of two ends of the destructive distillation drum. The destructive distillation drum has a larger diameter than the feeding drum and the discharge drum. An inner wall of the destructive distillation drum is installed with rows of tripper and guiding plates, and a spacing is kept between every two adjacent rows of the tripper and guiding plates. Each row of the tripper and guiding plates are consisted of a plurality of tripper and guiding plates, and each tripper and guiding plate is formed by a flat plane and a triangle having a slope. The flat planes of each row of the tripper and guiding plates are horizontally arranged, and a pointed end of the triangle is directed toward a discharge port of the destructive distillation drum. The destructive distillation drum is placed into a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pyrolytic reactor, comprising an inner drum having a circumferential wall formed with a plurality of apertures, an outer drum surrounding the inner drum and defining a clearance therebetween, a feeding device for feeding a plurality of feedstock pieces to the interior of the inner drum, an inlet port through which heat carrier gases flow and are directed to said clearance, for introduction of the heat carrier gases via said plurality of apertures to the inner drum interior and causing pyrolysis of the fed feedstock pieces, a conveyor for transporting a plurality of solid residue pieces produced from a pyrolytic process, and an outlet port through which product vapors and gases, heat depleted heat carrier gases, and the plurality of solid residue pieces are discharged.

Abstract: An apparatus for in-feeding and dewatering biomass that controls the water content of the biomass prior to introduction of the biomass into a process reactor, the in-feeding and dewatering processes being carried out at a pressure higher than or equal to the pressure inside the process reactor thereby providing the advantage of a fluid tight sealing of the process reactor and facilitating its continuous feeding.

Abstract: A process for multistage thermal treatment of rubber waste, in particular scrap tires, is proposed. The process comprises several steps of transferring a product granulate of rubber waste into three different sequencing heating zones of a reactor (10). In the heating zones (11a, 11b, 11c) the product granulate is heated at a first temperature between 100° to 200° C., preferably 150° to 180° C., then at a second temperature between 200° to 350° C. and at a third temperature between 300° to 600° C. The temperature is maintained until such time that no further oil is emitted within the respective heating zone. As a final step, the product granulate is removed from the reactor (10) and the desirable solid materials are separated.

Abstract: An installation for pyrolyzing divided solids, such as waste plastics, rubbers, or elastomers. The installation has a device for making divided solids suitable for facilitating pyrolysis by a pyrolysis reactor. The reactor inlet is leak-tightly connected to the preconditioning device and has at least one heating transfer member for transferring the divided solids within the reactor while also pyrolyzing the solids. The member is a conveyor screw or a vibrating tube, and being made of a material that is associated with means for heating it by the Joule effect. The preconditioning device includes liquefaction means for bringing the substance to the outlet of the preconditioning device in a liquid state at an outlet temperature, and a regulator for regulating the temperature of the substance at the outlet from the preconditioning device as a function of a temperature representative of an inlet temperature of the reactor.

Abstract: A biomass pyrolysis process is provided in which biomass feedstock is mixed with a heat carrier. The heat carrier at least partly comprises char. The ratio by weight of biomass to char is in the range 1:1 to 1:20. The process may be carried out by in a screw/auger pyrolysis reactor in which the solid feedstock components are conveyed along the reactor by a first screw. A second screw conveys at least a portion of the solid products of the biomass pyrolysis back to a heat transfer medium input port. Thus, the heat transfer medium includes char from the biomass pyrolysis.

Abstract: A coal material decomposition apparatus includes a sealed rotary kiln body provided with a coal inlet and a coal outlet. A coal decomposition gas collecting pipe is arranged in the kiln body and is provided with two parallel spirals for dividing space in the kiln body into a heating gas bin and a coal material decomposition bin. The coal decomposition gas collecting pipe communicates with the coal material decomposition bin through a gas guide hole arranged in the coal material decomposition bin. As the kiln body is internally divided into the a heating gas bin and a coal material decomposition bin isolated from each other, a large amount of hot gas in the heating gas conducts and radiates the heat to pulverized coal in the coal material decomposition bin, and the pulverized coal fully absorbs the heat to be decomposed into gas, coal tar gas and coal with high heat-value.

Abstract: A conversion-to-oil apparatus is not provided with rotary members in a heating unit and in a decomposing unit in the process of changing plastic into oil, a residue tank and catalyst, wherein plastic gel is fed into a first buffer tank 2 including a cylinder disposed vertically, a second buffer tank 3 including a cylinder disposed vertically and finally a vaporizing vessel 4 including a cylinder 4a disposed laterally, a liquid surface L·S in the vaporizing vessel 4 being adjusted at a diagonal center position in the vertical direction of the cylinder by controlling both the feeding amount of plastic gel and the temperature of the liquid surface so as to be a temperature of 400° C. to 410° C., so that the rotary members, the residue tank and the catalyst become unnecessary to make the structure of the apparatus compact.

Abstract: Pyrolytic gas generator for generating clean useful gas from biomass, particularly wood, oil seeds or the like, where a gasification channel in multi-chambered construction is provided, which gasification channel is provided with an assist burner which can supply heat from the outside to the gasification channel during gasification of the biomass, a pre-pyrolyzing pipe is connected upstream of the gasification channel and an ash discharge downstream of the gasification channel, wherein the generated gases are re-gasified in the gasification channel while the material to be gasified is mechanically transported from a material container to the ash discharge.

Abstract: A reactor for converting organic feed is provided. A retort extends through the furnace of the reactor. The retort has a retort auger, an inlet and an outlet. The reactor includes a charcoal delivery assembly having a collection line, delivery line, and a transfer zone. The collection line is adjacent to the outlet of the retort receives charcoal from the retort, and contains a collection auger with a flighted portion extending at least partially therethrough. The delivery line is connected to a downstream portion of the collection line and has a flighted delivery auger extending therethrough. The transfer zone is a space, between a downstream end of the flighted portion of the collection auger and an upstream end of the flighted delivery auger, where charcoal collected and delivered by the collection auger forms a plug, thereby blocking biogas from the retort from entering the delivery line.

Abstract: A process for the controlled gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock includes pyrolizing the feedstock by conveying the feedstock through a retort surrounded by a plurality of successive heating chambers each comprising an axially adjustable chamber separation wall and each operated at a predetermined temperature, wherein a predetermined dwell time of the feedstock in each of the plurality of successive heating chambers is controlled by a conveyance rate of the feedstock through the retort and a position of each of the axially adjustable chamber separation walls to produce a gas product and a solid product. The gas product includes methane and noxious chemicals and the solid product includes carbon, and the pyrolizing step is controlled using feedback related to constituents of the gas product.

Abstract: A method for the pyrolytic extraction of hydrocarbons such as shale oil from kerogen. Oil shale containing kerogen which has been ground into particulate form, is cascaded downwardly between a plurality of rotating trays within a heated processing chamber. As the hydrocarbons are volatized within the chamber, the volatiles are collected and condensed within a condenser or other suitable recovery apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system of converting biomass to biochar in a hydrothermal carbonization apparatus wherein subcritical water at a temperature of 230-350° C. and 500-3000 psi is reacted with the biomass to form biochar, biocrude and gases. The method and system include recycling the biocrude back to the hydrothermal carbonization apparatus which improves biochar yield and provides water for the biomass reaction to occur.

Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus reduces feedstock to gaseous energy sources and recyclable solids by moving feedstock through a processing unit via a feedstock transport mechanism that has sections that move the feedstock at respectively different rates through a retort within the processing unit. The feedstock transport mechanism may be an auger with a variable flighting pitch along its shaft. The pyrolysis apparatus may be modular in that processing units may be added and subtracted as necessary for any given installation. A restriction device squeezes ambient air out of the feedstock prior to entry into the pyrolysis apparatus retort.

Abstract: A biochar generator may include a pyrolysis chamber, a heater connected to the pyrolysis chamber and a biochar collection chamber in communication with the pyrolysis chamber. A biochar collection chamber sensor may sense a composition of the biochar collected in the biochar collection chamber to define a sensed composition of the biochar. A controller in electrical communication with the biochar collection chamber sensor may utilize the sensed composition of the biochar to dynamically alter conditions in the pyrolysis chamber to alter the composition of the biochar.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for restoring plastics to oil, thereby efficiently recycling waste plastics, comprises a decomposer, an oil reduction body, a cooling tank, and a filter and emission part. The decomposer comprises a decomposition space comprising an opening to receive the plastic, a heating coil inside the decomposer to heat the decomposition space to pyrolyze the plastic, and a pyrolyzing gas exhaust pipe to exhaust pyrolyzing gas produced in pyrolyzing the plastic. The oil reduction body is divided into a cooling space and a oil catchment space by a partition. The cooling tank provides cooling water to the cooling space to cool and reduce the pyrolyzing gas to oil, which is collected in the oil catchment space.

Abstract: A modular biomass treatment unit includes a first module having a pretreater and a first frame for transportation to and operation at a site adjacent to a solid biomass growth source. The pretreater is operable to process solid biomass to produce a plurality of solid biomass particles for conversion into a fuel or specialty chemical. The first frame supports the pretreater during transportation to and operation at the site adjacent to the solid biomass growth source. The modular biomass treatment unit can also include additional modules each comprising a reactor, a separator, and a frame for transportation to and operation at a site such as the site adjacent to the solid biomass growth source.

Abstract: A biochar generator to be carried by a vehicle may comprise a pyrolysis chamber, an auger, a heater, and a vapor condenser each connected to the pyrolysis chamber. The biochar generator may also include a synthesis gas collection chamber to collect synthesis gas, and a bio oil collection chamber to collect bio oil, each in communication with the vapor condenser. A biochar collection chamber may be included to collect biochar dispensed from the pyrolysis chamber.

Abstract: A pyrolysis system includes a source of feed material having carbon and unit rests upon a support surface and has a feed material inlet coupled by the feed material transport system to the source of feed material. The pyrolysis unit defines therein a reaction chamber having a length and having the feed material inlet defined at one end thereof. The reaction chamber defines a material flow axis in the reaction chamber from the feed material inlet along its length that is oriented one of parallel to and at an acute angle relative to the support surface. The pyrolysis unit defines at least one outlet for extraction of at the least one of a solid, gaseous and liquid fuel from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous sublimation of a substance includes cascading a material containing a substance capable of sublimation, such as water, between a plurality of trays vertically stacked within a processing zone provided within a processing chamber. A substantially atmospheric environment is maintained within the processing zone at a temperature whereby the substance sublimes forming a sublimate within the environment. The environment containing the sublimate is contacted with a drying agent such as a desiccant to maintain the environment whereby the substance sublimes at substantially atmospheric pressure and at the controlled temperature.

Abstract: A carbonization reactor to decompose used rubber products and the like by heating the rubber products under constant high temperature and the reactor comprise a conveyor which continuously move and drag the rubber products through cylinders where the decomposition process takes place to produce recyclable by products such as carbon black, oil vapor and the like.