With Fluid Injection Patents (Class 202/121)
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Patent number: 4106999Abstract: Apparatus for continuously pyrolyzing, vaporizing or gasifying a particulated carbonaceous feed material in which preheated heat-containing bodies or pebbles are admixed with the feed material in a stratified manner to form a downwardly moving columnar reaction mass, with a remaining portion of the pebbles substantially devoid of any feed material disposed in a surrounding layer relative to the reaction mass. Gas is continuously passed transversely through the reaction mass and surrounding layer in a manner to sweep the gaseous pyrolysis reaction products out of the reaction chamber and wherein the layers of pebbles surrounding the reaction mass serve to effect a deposition of carbonaceous residue preventing encrustation and fouling of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1977Date of Patent: August 15, 1978Assignee: Edward KoppelmanInventors: Edward Koppelman, Robert G. Murray
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Patent number: 4092237Abstract: In accordance with this invention, oil shale is introduced into a lock which discharges into a closed, vertical, stationary kiln fitted with mechanisms which cause the particulate oil shale to move continuously downwardly in a controlled, uniform plug type flow. The shale is heated by a counter flow of hot, nonoxidizing gases to the temperature required to pyrolyze the kerogen. The gaseous fraction of the kerogen joins the counter flowing gases for removal from the top of the kiln. The hot particulate shale containing the carbonaceous fraction of the kerogen moves downwardly through a second lock into a conveyance connected to the top of a second similar kiln wherein the carbonaceous residue is reacted with gaseous water and oxygen in a cocurrent manner to supply heat to the decarbonized shale and to produce carbon oxides and hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1977Date of Patent: May 30, 1978Assignee: Kerr-McGee CorporationInventor: Homer Charles Reed
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Patent number: 4070250Abstract: Solid carbonaceous materials are pyrolyzed by introducing a low velocity stream of carbonaceous material into a cyclone reactor-separator and introducing a low velocity stream of a particulate source of heat into the cyclone reactor-separator at an angle inclined toward the path of travel of the carbonaceous material. A high velocity stream of the particulate source of heat is introduced into the cyclone reactor separator along the inner surface of the separator to prevent carbonaceous material from caking along the walls of the separator. The cyclone reactor separator induces separation of solids consisting of a particulate carbon containing solid residue of pyrolysis and particulate heat source from a vapor stream which contains hydrocarbon products of pyrolysis.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1976Date of Patent: January 24, 1978Assignee: Occidental Petroleum CorporationInventor: Charles K. Choi
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Patent number: 4069107Abstract: Apparatus and process for continuously pyrolyzing or gasifying a particulated carbonaceous feed material in which preheated heat-containing bodies or pebbles are admixed with the feed material in a stratified manner to form a downwardly moving columnar reaction mass, with a remaining portion of the pebbles substantially devoid of any feed material disposed in a surrounding layer relative to the reaction mass. Gas is continuously passed transversely through the reaction mass and surrounding layer in a manner to sweep the gaseous pyrolysis reaction products out of the reaction chamber, and wherein the layers of pebbles surrounding the reaction mass serve to effect a deposition of carbonaceous residue, preventing encrustation and fouling of the reactor system.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1976Date of Patent: January 17, 1978Assignee: Edward KoppelmanInventors: Edward Koppelman, Robert G. Murray
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Patent number: 4039390Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor has a feed system which includes one or more circularly arcuate feed tubes removably inserted through the outer wall of the reactor. Each feed tube is slidably disposed in a corresponding circularly arcuate external guide sleeve for positioning the discharge end of each feed tube at a predetermined location and orientation within the reactor. A hot particulate material normally suspended in a fluid carrier is fed into the reactor. The inlet end(s) of the feed tube(s) can be connected to a source of particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material suspended in a fluid carrier for injection into the reactor, preferably at a location where the hot particulate material is uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section of the reactor. Means can be provided to cool the particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material during transit through the feed tube(s) to prevent agglomeration in the feed tube(s).Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1976Date of Patent: August 2, 1977Assignee: Occidental Petroleum CorporationInventor: Forrest E. Logan
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Patent number: 4038154Abstract: A furnace and process for carrying out the carbonizing and/or activating of charcoal and similar operations includes vent means, which may be in the general shape of one or more elongated chambers of tunnels, that acts in combination with air admission means to determine the location, size, shape, and temperature of one or more hot zones within a pile of particulate combustible material. The vent means acts to (1) expedite the venting of gases generated in the mass of particulate material being treated, (2) collect a portion of the released gases in one or more chambers or zones, and (3) provide a space to burn any combustible gases at substantially controlled temperatures and in heat transfer relationship with the particulate mass.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1973Date of Patent: July 26, 1977Assignee: Barnebey-Cheney Co.Inventor: Herbert L. Barnebey
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Patent number: 4007014Abstract: The apparatus comprises an outermost, an intermediate, and an innermost compartment, the outermost compartment being provided with burners, activated carbon being supplied into, treated in, and removed from the intermediate compartment, and there being communication for gas between the three compartments. In revivification by the direct heating process, reactor gas is supplied into the outermost compartment, heated by the burners, passed into the intermediate compartment to contact the activated carbon being treated, and is then passed into the innermost compartment and exhausted therefrom. In revivification by the indirect heating process, reactor gas is supplied into the innermost compartment, passed into the intermediate compartment for treatment of activated carbon, and then passed into the outermost compartment and is exhausted therefrom, the innermost and intermediate compartments and elements therein being indirectly heated by the burners of the outermost compartment.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1975Date of Patent: February 8, 1977Assignee: Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Zenji Matsumoto, Kiyoshi Adachi, Toyohisa Fujimoto, Nobutaka Ninomiya
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Patent number: 4007093Abstract: A furnace for thermal processing of lump solid fuel, comprising a body accommodating a semicoking zone, zones for gasifying semicoke and for cooling waste solid material and chambers adapted for feeding gas into said zones and discharging a vapor-gas mixture therefrom, said zones and chambers being arranged in succession along the height of the furnace body. The furnace is furnished with an unloading device for discharging solid waste material, said device being located in the bottom part of the furnace body and constituting a hopper with a water seal having a cylindrical bottom passing into a sloping trough. Mounted above the cylindrical portion of the bottom is a sector rocking-type pusher and above the sloping trough - a mechanical shovel associated with the sector pusher in such a manner that a working stroke of the sector pusher corresponds to an idle stroke of the mechanical shovel.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1975Date of Patent: February 8, 1977Inventors: Svyatoslav Kirillovich Doilov, Viktor Mikhailovich Efimov, Rikhard Eduardovich Ioonas, Nikolai Andreevich Nazinin, Enn Edgarovich Piik, Khans Eduardovich Raad, Ivar Kharaldovich Roox, Nikolai Dmitrievich Serebryannikov, Jury Vasilievich Shaganov, Leonid Semenovich Ananiev, Alexei Sergeevich Volkov
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Patent number: 3977947Abstract: A continuous process is described whereby particulate woody materials are carbonized in a fluidized bed to form solid and gaseous fuel. The process includes injecting particulate woody materials, on a continuous basis, into a fluidized bed of previously carbonized material. Off-gas from carbonization with entrained charcoal fines is continuously removed from above the bed, and coarse charcoal is continuously removed from the surface of the bed. If desired, a high ash, coarse fraction may also be continuously removed from immediately above the bed grid. The off-gas and entrained fine charcoal are separated in a cyclone system, and the charcoal fines with the coarse charcoal fraction from the bed surface are collected for use as solid fuel. Off-gas from the separator may be scrubbed, if desired, or utilized directly as an enriched gaseous fuel.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 1973Date of Patent: August 31, 1976Assignee: The Kingsford CompanyInventor: Owen Pyle
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Patent number: 3945810Abstract: Apparatus and process for the disposal of plastic waste in conjunction with air the apparatus comprising a fluidized bed combustion unit with means for heating the plastic waste disposed within the upper portion of the combustion unit. The plastic waste is converted to hydrocarbon gases and oils within the heating means which itself comprises a fluidized bed.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1974Date of Patent: March 23, 1976Assignee: Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyInventor: Kiyosi Saito