Abstract: Methods and systems for constructing a refractory wall structure having gas flue spaces are provided. In certain embodiments, a first course of the wall structure may be constructed by installing opposing refractory side wall panels that are separated by a distance which defines a widthwise dimension of the wall structure and an interior wall space therebetween. The side wall panels may include multiple sets of finger forms defining a joint space (e.g., a dovetail joint space), whereby the finger forms protrude inwardly into the interior wall space such that the sets of finger forms of one side panel are oppositely positioned relative to the sets of finger forms of an opposed side wall panel.

Abstract: A coke oven can include an oven body, a foundation, and a plurality of beams separating the oven body from the foundation. A buckstay applies force to the oven body to maintain compression on the oven body during thermal cycling of the coke oven. The coke oven further comprises a spring-loaded compression device, which can include a restraining device, an anchor coupled to the restraining device, and a spring coupled to the restraining device. The anchor can be attached to one or more of the beams, the foundation of the oven, or to a similar compression device on an opposite side of the oven. The spring applies force between the restraining device and the one or more beams or foundation to compress the buckstay against the oven. The force applied by the spring can maintain structural stability of the coke oven over a plurality of thermal cycles.

Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to horizontal heat recovery and non-heat recovery coke ovens having monolith components. In some embodiments, an HHR coke oven includes a monolith component that spans the width of the oven between opposing oven sidewalls. The monolith expands upon heating and contracts upon cooling as a single structure. In further embodiments, the monolith component comprises a thermally-volume-stable material. The monolith component may be a crown, a wall, a floor, a sole flue or combination of some or all of the oven components to create a monolith structure. In further embodiments, the component is formed as several monolith segments spanning between supports such as oven sidewalls. The monolith component and thermally-volume-stable features can be used in combination or alone. These designs can allow the oven to be turned down below traditionally feasible temperatures while maintaining the structural integrity of the oven.

Abstract: A heat-resistant door device for closing a horizontal coke oven chamber is made of a refractory material, using a material containing silica or a material containing silica and aluminum oxides, in particular. The material has a low temperature expansion coefficient and it is thermally well insulating so that the door is not deformed and/or distorted during the coal carbonization process. The door device is built of a coke oven wall mainly located above the door and embracing the door as well as of a mobile door located underneath. Thereby less cold ambient air enters into the coke oven chamber and radiation losses are minimized. The door may be comprised of an ellipsoidal bulge by which the coke can be better pushed into the coking chamber. The oven wall embracing the oven door can also be made of a refractory material containing silica or of a material containing silica and aluminum oxides.

Abstract: A coke oven of horizontal construction (non-recovery/heat recovery type) includes at least one coking chamber, laterally arranged vertical downcomers as well as bottom flues arranged horizontally and extending underneath the coking chamber for indirect reheating of said coking chamber. One or more gas space dividing walls are arranged in the oven free space which in the intended operation of the coke oven is not destined for being filled with solid matter so that the gas routing is improved and a homogenisation of radiation in the coking chamber is achieved.

Abstract: A reactor (9) for the pyrolysis of carbon-containing waste material such as rubber chips includes a cylindrical air-tight reactor vessel (10) which has an inlet through which rubber chips (4) are introduced into the reactor vessel and an outlet (60) through which oil distillate can be discharged therefrom. The reactor vessel has a cooling jacket through which cooling water flows for cooling an inner shell (40) of the vessel. The chips (4) are deposited onto a support tray (70) and displaced towards a rear end of the reactor vessel by a chain conveyer (89). The chips (4) are heated on the tray (40) causing decomposition of the chips into a vapor and amorphous carbon. The vapor condenses when it contacts the inner shell (40) and runs down the sides of the vessel (10) towards a lower side thereof before being discharged through the outlet (60).

Abstract: A coke-oven battery has at least two chambers separated by a heating wall head and having openings provided with vertical jambs juxtaposed with the head. An upright anchor post is spaced horizontally forward from the head, and a plurality of U-shaped yokes are provided between the post and the head. Biasers bear on the anchor post and press the yokes against the jambs and thereby press the jambs against the head. A thin-walled sheet-metal head cover having upright edges is clamped between the jambs and the head and extends horizontally as a single piece between the jambs.

Abstract: A coke oven wall (4) comprising a plurality of bricks (38, 42, 46, 120) laid so as to define first and second wall faces (40, 44), and plurality of flue cavities (14) extending therein characterized in that at least part of the wall is made first, second and third bricks (38, 42, 120) which are laid together and define in part the first and second faces and the flue cavities wherein the first brick comprises a first body portion (48) and an inwardly projecting first leg (50), the second brick comprises a second body portion (64) and an inwardly projecting second leg (66) the third brick comprises a flue wall brick (46, 120) which is located between and aligned with the first and second legs.

Abstract: Renovation of a heating wall, in particular a heating wall head of a coke oven battery, includes starting with reconstruction of the wall to be renovated on a wall protective plate of the part, abutting a new masonry exactly on the wall protective plate, and arranging between the new masonry and the old masonry a vertically extending welding joint for sealing the ceramic welding after heating up the new masonry, which means after reaching final thermal expansion of the new masonry.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recovering oil from solid hydrocarbonaceous terial, such as oil shale, in particulate form using a combustion chamber and a reaction chamber arranged side-by-side and connected by a first passageway extending between the upper regions of the chambers and a return passageway. The particulate material is fluidized in the chambers and induced to circulate therebetween by the configuration of the chambers and passageways and/or the nature of the fluidization. Residual carbon on the spent hydrocarbonaceous material introduced into the combustion chamber through the return passageway is burnt, heating the material which then circulates through the first passageway to mix with and heat fresh feed material introduced into the reaction chamber giving off effluent vapours which are collected and processed.

Abstract: An improved coke oven wall constructed for refractory brick and having generally vertically extending gas flues formed therein employs different shaped brick to form the portion of the wall defining the flues in alternate courses of brick with the refractory brick in each course being shaped and arranged so that no mortar joint between two adjacent brick in any course is contained in a single vertical plane from a flue to the adjacent oven.

Abstract: The invention provides a construction block useful in the construction of coke oven combustion chamber assemblies. The construction block is a rectangularly-shaped unit comprises:(a) an upper and lower wall surface, wherein the construction block's upper wall surface comprises at least one ridge or groove running along at least a portion of the longitudinal axis of the construction block's upper wall surface, and wherein the construction block's lower wall surface comprises at least one ridge or groove running along at least a portion of the longitudinal axis of the construction block's lower wall surface,(b) a left and right side wall surface, and(c) two end wall surfaces, wherein at least one of the two end wall surfaces is offset along the longitudinal axis of said construction block's upper and lower wall surfaces to define one-half of a horizontally-oriented, L-shaped lap joint.

Abstract: A clamping system for preventing detrimental tensile and shearing stresses in heating walls used for example as partitions in industrial furnaces, comprises clamping plates adjoining opposite end faces of a heating wall plate, yoke-shape beams facing each clamping plate and interconnected by cross tie rods, and pressing elements between the beams and the clamping plates. The bias of the pressing elements is adjusted so as to decrease from the center of the clamping plate towards the upper and lower edges of the heating wall plate, the material of respective clamping elements being selected such as to keep the interfering forces within the limits of 5 to 20% of the original clamping forces, the resultants of the clamping forces being directed to the marginal area of each clamping plate, and the roughness in excess of 2.5 millimeters between the clamping plate and the heating wall plate being reliably compensated.

Abstract: An apparatus for contacting solids with gases, preferably a needle coke preheater, which includes an elongated housing having an entrance and an exit and means for introducing solids into the entrance of the housing. A bed support divides the housing into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and is declined from the horizontal at an angle such that the solids introduced into the entrance of the housing slide down the bed support toward the exit of the housing. The bed support contains a plurality of openings distributed between two solid rectangular borders which serve as the two long parallel sides of the bed support. The openings are sufficiently large so that gases can flow from the lower chamber in contact with the solids and then into the upper chamber. The solid rectangular borders prevent preferential flow of the gases up the walls of the housing by forcing the gases to flow toward the center of the bed support.

Abstract: A kiln having pyrolysis, gasification and cooling horizontal zones, divided over its height into vertical chambers by vertical dividing walls, and having flues with vents housed in the dividing walls and the walls of the outer enclosure for injecting reaction fluids and fumes and for drawing off gases and vapors.In the gasification zone, the dividing walls have diffusion panels adjacent diffusion chambers. The panels are connected to the reaction fluid supply and are of a height which corresponds substantially to the height of the panel.The vertical chambers form modular cells through which the granulated mineral flows continuously without encountering obstructions in the form of irregularities.

Abstract: A pair of adjacent horizontal coking chambers of a coke-oven battery are separated by a longitudinal wall with a multiplicity of vertical heating ducts, the wall being built from blocks which form two parallel frameworks defining the ducts between them. Each framework consists of longitudinal and transverse refractory blocks--preferably of silica--leaving rectangular apertures open toward the ducts and the chambers, these apertures being occupied by refractory plates of lower thermal resistance than the blocks. The transverse blocks of the two frameworks extend overlappingly between the ducts and have interfitting formations holding the frameworks together.

Abstract: Coking chambers in a coke oven battery are disposed in an alternate relationship with heating flues. At the top of each coking chamber there is a top arch having an inner-arched surface defined by a segment of a circle whose diameter is greater than the internal width of the coking chamber. The coking chamber is bounded by two heating walls which are extended to the spring of the arch where wall portions extend in an inclined manner upwardly and outwardly to form a mushroom-shaped gas-collecting chamber above the coke oven chamber. These wall portions extend at an angle of approximately 30.degree. to 50.degree. to the horizontal. The diameter of the arched wall portions for the arch is approximately between 30% and 60% greater than the internal width of the coking chamber.

Abstract: A construction for a battery of coke ovens and to a method for repairing m in which a continuous vertical joint plane is provided in the walls of the piers separating the ovens of the batteries, which walls are constructed of courses and headers and stretchers, the plane extending along one of the lateral faces of the headers, with one of the two adjacent stretchers of the course immediately above and below the header being longer than the other stretchers in the wall and the other being shorter so that the joint between them is located in the same vertical plane as the said faces of the headers.

Abstract: An offset expansion joint and method of installing the same in a repaired or rebuilt furnace, such as a coke oven or the like, comprises at least two segments of ceramic fiber spaced laterally from one another and separated by silica bricks and a barrier of silica mortar which extends along an edge of each segment and along an edge of each of the bricks by which the segments are spaced, the silica mortar having the ability to set up when exposed to about 2200.degree. F. to prevent passage of gas through the expansion joint in the area of the horizontal flue of the coke oven.

Abstract: A heating wall construction for horizontal chamber coke ovens comprises spaced apart stretcher stone walls with header walls extending therebetween and being spaced from each other to define vertical heating flues therebetween. The header walls are hollow or have a hollow portion which defines a vertical heating flue for their fuel supply and they have transfer slots in the walls which connect at various levels for transferring the heating gases from the hollow central portion to the flues. The runner stones of the heating walls have a thickness of less than 110 mm and the hollow headers are over 200 mm wide at their widest point in the central region of the heating flue and they are much wider than 100 mm at their abutting or tie in point in the stretcher stone walls.

Abstract: A device for sealing the cambers of coke ovens adjacent the roof of the oven and above an oven door frame which is located at the transition between fireclay brickwork and silica brickwork each of which has joints between the courses thereof is located between anchor plates which support each side of the door frame. The door frame includes a vertical back portion which intersects a horizontal top portion. During the formation of the brick a cast iron bridge is positioned so that a vertical part is arranged directly behind the door and is advantageously sealed to the rear base of the door frame by a gasket or asbestos cord. The anchor plate carries an upper horizontal portion which is disposed beneath the fireclay brick at the transition between the fireclay and the silica brickwork and supports the fireclay brick. In addition, another horizontally extending part of the cast iron bridge is positioned into the silica brickwork between adjacent courses located near the top of such brickwork.

Abstract: A regenerative coke oven battery that produces a coke cake having a low vertical temperature differential throughout its mass. The heating flues are defined by header walls having ducts for air or lean gas and outlet slots incorporated along the vertical length of the header wall which slots connect the ducts with the flues. The flues are combined into groups connected at their upper ends with a horizontal bus channel which communicates by a cross-over duct with a similar horizontal bus channel on the opposite side of a coking chamber.

Abstract: Double heating flues are arranged transversely to the horizontal axes of coke oven chambers within heating walls therefor. Side walls between each double heating flue have an internal passageway in the lower part communicating by exit orifices at vertically-spaced locations with the heating flues at the opposite sides of the side wall. The lower parts of the side walls converge horizontally into side wall portions some of which abut against the vertical heating wall and others extend through the vertical heating wall in an alternating arrangement of superimposed bricks. The upper parts of the side walls extend into load-bearing contact with the roof for the coke oven chambers. In the heating walls, three identical stretcher bricks in each course interlock by tongue-and-groove abutment joints. The middle brick abuts in a symmetrical relation with a flue side wall.

Abstract: A heating wall of a coking oven, particularly a horizontal coking oven, separates the coking chamber of the coking oven from the heating flues through which a heating medium flows to heat a charge of coking coal which is contained in the coking chamber. The heating wall is provided with a plurality of individual compartments which are separated from each other and also from the coking chamber and from the heating flues, the compartments being situated between the coking chamber and the heating flues and increasing the rate of heat transmission through the heating wall. Depending on the desired heat-transmission properties of different portions of the heating wall, the compartments may be distributed either uniformly or nonuniformly, or may have the same or different dimensions. The heating wall is constituted by refractory blocks and the enclosed compartments are provided in these refractory blocks.

Abstract: Studs projecting downwardly from the decking carrying a battery of underjet coke ovens, all received in recesses in support walls which extend only in a parallel direction to the heating walls for the over chambers. Dampers are provided between the studs and the vertical surfaces of the recesses in the support walls for absorbing forces such as those developed during earthquakes which act parallel to the heating walls of the coking chambers. Strip members project downwardly from the decking along the sides of the support walls. Dampers are interposed between the strip members and support walls to absorb forces acting in a direction normal to the longitudinal heating walls of the coking chambers. The decking includes individual decking portions with adjoining boundary surfaces having interlocking projections.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to reinforced support walls arranged to extend transversely of the length of a battery of coke ovens in a cellar for supporting battery decking of underjet coke ovens. Ducts extend in the cellar for supplying gaseous combustion media to the heating flues of the heating walls and control members are arranged in the cellar to control the flow of the combustion media in the individual ducts. A foundation slab includes reinforcement members bonded to reinforcement members within the support walls. Expansion joints, including slip plates, are arranged between the support walls and the battery decking. The decking may include a projection extending downwardly along the center line of the battery for bonding engagement with the support walls.

Abstract: Novel shapes of refractory jamb bricks are disclosed which are readily removable and replaceable without tearing down and rebuilding the novel jamb structure of a heating wall of a coke oven battery.