Abstract: A method of sequestering carbon dioxide emissions during recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating, the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Additionally, during heating, any carbon dioxide that is produced can be sequestered. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for recycling used tires. The disclosed system for recycling used tires comprises: a pyrolysis furnace that recycles inputted used tires using a carrier gas and decomposes the used tires through direct heating; and an oil collecting unit that collects oil by cooling and condensing hot steam generated by the pyrolysis furnace. The system also includes a carrier gas circulation line and a carrier gas circulation and supply device. The carrier gas circulation line circulates through the pyrolysis furnace and the oil collecting unit. The carrier gas circulation and supply device is connected to the carrier gas circulation line and comprises a sensing element that measures both the temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace and the pressure inside the carrier gas circulation line.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for heating fluid with a gas heater and distilling fluid with the pilot light of the gas heater are disclosed. The apparatus for heating fluid and distilling fluid includes a main tank for containing fluid to be heated, a heater, adapted to have a pilot light, for heating the fluid in said main tank and an evaporator tank for vaporizing fluid received therein with heat from the pilot light. The method of heating fluid and distilling fluid includes heating a first volume of fluid with a heater having a pilot light and heating a second volume of fluid with the pilot light.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for heating fluid with a gas heater and distilling fluid with the pilot light of the gas heater are disclosed. The apparatus for heating fluid and distilling fluid includes a main tank for containing fluid to be heated, a heater, adapted to have a pilot light, for heating the fluid in said main tank and an evaporator tank for vaporizing fluid received therein with heat from the pilot light. The method of heating fluid and distilling fluid includes heating a first volume of fluid with a heater having a pilot light and heating a second volume of fluid with the pilot light.

Abstract: An oven which has a floor, a side wall extending upwardly therefrom to define a combustion chamber, and a top having an opening for combustion gases, a fuel support member mounted in a lower part of the combustion chamber, the fuel support member having a raised central portion with a downwardly and outwardly sloping top surface extending therefrom, and means for supplying fuel to the fuel support member. The oven includes an arrangement for providing primary air to the fuel on the fuel support member and for providing secondary air to an upper portion of the combustion chamber, the secondary air being arranged to impart a cyclonic motion to the combustion gases.

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling or decompstiong waste plastic is decomposed in a diluent such as hot oil through actions involving free readical precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane is achieved at low temperatures. The thermal decompostion (or pyrolysis) reaction is for about 1 hour at 375.degree. C. annd usable products, such as distillate, coke and oil are recovered. Additonally the diluent my ber recycled within the apparatus.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor having a combustion chamber, a mixing chamber and a reaction chamber positioned along a longitudinal axis of the reactor. The chambers communicate with each other so as to provide a flow path for the hot combustion gases as the combustion gases travel from the combustion chamber, through the mixing chamber and into the reaction chamber. The mixing chamber is designed in the form of an axial narrow area in a dividing wall separating the combustion chamber from the reaction chamber. In addition to the mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber additionally communicate with each other through at least one bypass bore provided in the dividing wall and positioned radially externally to the mixing chamber and internally to the surface of the combustion chamber. The bypass bores can be either axially aligned so as to be parallel to a central, axial axis of the mixing chamber or inclined.

Abstract: A kiln having pyrolysis, gasification and cooling horizontal zones, divided over its height into vertical chambers by vertical dividing walls, and having flues with vents housed in the dividing walls and the walls of the outer enclosure for injecting reaction fluids and fumes and for drawing off gases and vapors.In the gasification zone, the dividing walls have diffusion panels adjacent diffusion chambers. The panels are connected to the reaction fluid supply and are of a height which corresponds substantially to the height of the panel.The vertical chambers form modular cells through which the granulated mineral flows continuously without encountering obstructions in the form of irregularities.

Abstract: A cascading bed retorting process and apparatus in which cold raw crushed shale enters at the middle of a retort column into a mixer stage where it is rapidly mixed with hot recycled shale and thereby heated to pyrolysis temperature. The heated mixture then passes through a pyrolyzer stage where it resides for a sufficient time for complete pyrolysis to occur. The spent shale from the pyrolyzer is recirculated through a burner stage where the residual char is burned to heat the shale which then enters the mixer stage.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition process and apparatus of the fluidized bed type for organic solid materials, particularly organic solid waste material contained in urban rubbish comprising a fluidized bed thermal decomposition furnace, the interior of which is divided by a partition plate into two zones, namely a first zone for thermally decomposing the organic solid waste material in the absence of oxygen and a second zone mainly for burning the carbonized material produced as a result of thermal decomposition of the organic solid waste material. Non-condensable components of the gas resulting from the thermal decomposition of the organic solid waste material are recirculated as fluidizing gas into the first zone, while air is used as the fluidizing gas for the second zone. Heat for the thermal decomposition in the first zone is obtained from the combustion in the second zone and transferred by the intertransfer of fluidized solids between zones beneath the partition plate.

Abstract: A fluid-wall reactor for high temperature chemical reactions comprising (A) a porous reactor tube, at least a portion of the interior of which defines a reaction zone, the tube being made of an electrically resistive, porous refractory material; (B) a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor tube to define an inert fluid plenum, the pressure vessel having at least one inlet for admitting the inert fluid which is directed under pressure through the porous tube wall to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the reactor tube; (C) means for introducing at least one reactant into the reaction zone, the reactants being directed in a predetermined path axially of the reactor tube and being confined by the protective blanket substantially centrally within the reaction zone; (D) means for passing an electric current through the reactor tube for heating the reactor tube to the temperature level at which it emits sufficient radiant energy to initiate and sustain the desired chemical reaction, the radiant en