Abstract: A grid of pipes for conducting steam at a pressure greater than a vessels' operating pressure and delivering the steam throughout the grid forms the internals for a tailings solvent recovery unit. The delivery of steam throughout the grid aids in maintaining a relatively low partial pressure throughout the vessel to act as a driver for mass transfer. Conducting the steam at the higher pressure through the pipes in the grid permits a surface of the pipes to be heated to a temperature higher than possible in a conventional vessel, increasing the heat transfer to the feed stream which flows through the grid.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pyrolysing a solid organic feed material are disclosed. Solid organic material is moved through a reaction chamber and exposed to a temperature profile within the chamber that dries and pyrolyses the organic material and releases water vapour and a volatile products gas phase. The water vapour phase and the volatile products gas phase are moved counter-current to the solid organic material so that the water vapour phase and condensable components of the volatile products gas phase condense in cooler upstream sections of the chamber and form a liquid water product and a separate liquid oil product. The liquid water product is discharged via an outlet along the length of the chamber and a dried and pyrolysed solid product is discharged from a downstream outlet in the chamber. The chamber includes a plurality of heat transfer members extending within the chamber and a supply of oxygen-containing gas for establishing and maintaining the temperature profile within the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for the manufacture of charcoal, comprising a unit having walls defining a primary combustion chamber, and a material inlet for allowing a feed of wood chips though said material inlet into said apparatus. A trough is located at a lower height than said material inlet such that material passing through said material inlet is able to fall into the trough. An air inlet is located below the material inlet such that, when wood chips are located within the trough piled up to said material inlet, air passing from said air inlet passes through said wood-chips and into the primary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of activated clays and cement additives from contaminated drill cuttings is provided. The substrate can be mixed with a mineral acid in a first reactor. The acidified substrate is then mixed with alkaline earth in a second reactor. The reactions are exothermic and provide heat to vaporize the contaminants, reaction products, and water. Recoverable constituents in the vapor can be condensed in a vapor collection system. The treated substrate can be heated and/or further reacted with acid, resulting in the formation of activated clays. For production of cement additives, the treated substrate can then be heated in a kiln and combined with cement clinker material for the preparation of cement and/or concrete.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for recovering pure naphthalene from hot crude coke oven gas. The hot crude coke oven gas is directly cooled by means of sprinkling water directly thereon, and the naphthalene is recovered by subsequent filtering out of tar and other impurities, followed by cooling to obtain crystalline pure naphthalene. More specifically, after direct cooling of the hot crude coke oven gas, the gas is then guided through an electrofilter to be subsequently cooled in such a manner that the naphthalene contained in the crude coke oven gas is separated from the gaseous phase and is obtained in the form of pure naphthalene crystals without any required additional treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing naphthalene from coke oven crude gas. The coke oven crude gas is directly cooled by means of sprinkling water thereon, and the naphthalene is obtained by subsequent refrigerating and treatment. The invention is characterised in that after direct cooling, the coke oven crude gas is then guided through an electrofiler to be subsequently cooled in such a manner that the naphthalene contained in the coke oven crude gas is separated from the gaseous phase and is obtained in the form of pure naphthalene without any additional treatment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating for disposal oil-contaminated clay substrates such as drill cuttings from drilling with an oil-based mud. If necessary, the substrate is pretreated with an aqueous emulsion breaker such as alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. The substrate is mixed under high shear conditions with a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid. This can be done in an agitated reactor with sequential addition of the organic and inorganic acids. The substrate is then mixed with alkaline earth such as lime in a second agitated reactor. The reactions between the acid(s), alkaline earth and substrate are exothermic and provide heat to vaporize the oil, reaction products and water. Recoverable constituents in the vapor can be condensed in a vapor collection system. The treated substrate is essentially free of oil and has a controlled water content.

Abstract: A portable kiln is transported to a site of logging where there is significant wood waste. At the site, wood waste is collected. The portable kiln is assembled as it is being loaded with wood waste. Once the portable kiln is assembled it is lit with all air intakes open. When combustion is complete and charring begins, some of the air intakes are closed. When charring ends, all of the air intakes and exhausts are closed to permit the kiln to cool down.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for autothermally reforming hydrocarbons. According to the invention, the fuel is fed to a reforming reactor via a feeding device. The resulting reformate is conveyed to the reforming starting materials in a heat exchanger in a reverse direction flow, in such a way that heat is exchanged, said starting materials being conveyed from the outside inwards. The fuel supplied by the feeding device is delivered directly to the reaction zone together with the starting material. Said reaction zone has a catalyst. The combustion and reforming or catalysis processes are then carried out simultaneously and in the same area in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for heating a low temperature carbonization drum includes generating a low temperature carbonization gas in the drum; combusting a partial flow of the low temperature carbonization gas for generating a heating gas; conducting the heating gas in a heating gas circuit; preheating the cooled heating gas flowing out of the drum; and then returning a controllable partial flow of the cooled heating gas to the drum while re-admixing the controllable partial flow with the heating gas.

Abstract: Adjacent alternating rows of relatively coarse and fine coal are deposited onto a horizontal moving grate running through a coking furnace.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for providing coal dust to a reaction chamber, especially in the process of producing low-sulfur coke dust and gas by gas extraction and partial gasification of coal dust in a reaction chamber for partially combusting coal dust. Coal dust and a first stream of combustion gas are combined and passed through a central conduit to a reaction chamber. A second stream of combustion gas can be selectively subjected to swirling motion and can be combined with the stream emanating from the central conduit. The degree of swirl of the first stream and the second stream of combustion gas is used to control distribution of the gas-solids mixture in the reaction chamber and to control the path of the gas-solids mixture leading into the wall of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form comprises a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C. from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation. The apparatus for carrying out the method includes a regeneratively fired shaft furnace which is provided with heating flues and which has a clear height of approximately 35 meters, a width of approximately 1 meter and a length of approximately 5 meters.