Abstract: The invention relates to a purification unit (200) which is able to separate crude MMA from light and heavy impurities in order to obtain high quality of MMA, suitable to produce optimal grade polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The unit (200) comprises two distillation columns (210, 250) in series, fed with mixture to be distilled in their median part, in order to separate each column in two upper (213, 253) and lower (212, 252) parts, the first distillation column (210) being fed with crude prewashed MMA, and the second distillation column (250) being fed with distilled liquid stream containing MMA, separated from light impurities, issued from bottom of first distillation column (210). The upper part (213) of first distillation column (210) is connected to a lateral extraction system (220), able to minimize MMA content in light impurities flowing upward said first column (210).

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of High purity n-hexane from low value stream such as raffinate from benzene extraction unit in crude oil refineries employing extractive distillation. The present invention further related to an extractive distillation employing an organic solvent having comparable or same Hansen dispersive force parameter (?d) of that of the key component of to be separated through extractive distillation. The present invention is useful for separating and isolating pure cyclohexane, pure methylcyclopentane and pure iso-heptane along with the pure n-hexane.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for reducing pain in a subject in need of such pain reduction by delivering, e.g., intrathecally or epidurally, a volatile anesthetic such as a halogenated ether compound in an amount effective to reduce pain. Chronic or acute pain may be treated, or the anesthetic may be delivered to the subject to anesthetize the subject prior to a surgery. In certain embodiments, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, methoxyflurane, xenon, and mixtures thereof may be used. Dosing regimens including a one-time administration, continuous and/or periodic administration are contemplated.

Abstract: A process for the separation of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BDO) from a first mixture including MEG and 1,2-BDO, the process including providing the first mixture of MEG and 1,2-BDO as a feed to a distillation column. The process also includes providing a feed comprising glycerol to the distillation column above the first mixture. The process also includes operating the distillation column at a temperature in the range of from 50 to 250° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 400 kPa. The process also includes removing a stream comprising MEG and glycerol as a bottoms stream from the distillation column and removing a stream comprising 1,2-BDO above the point at which the feed comprising glycerol is provided to the distillation column.

Abstract: A method of making a flexible magnetized sheet is provided. The method may comprise the steps of (1) using cold extrusion to produce a highly viscous fluid magnetizable sheet, (2) passing the sheet through a magnetic field to create an uncured magnetized sheet, and (3) curing the sheet with electron beam curing. The fluid mixture may comprise magnetizable particles with a random charge orientation and an acrylic resin. The components of the mixture are cool when passed through an extrusion die. The extruded fluid sheet allows for the sheet to be magnetized and then, instead of curing by cooling, cured by the bombardment of electrons via an electron beam (EB) generator. The method can eliminate the heat of extrusion and can allow for more freedom of orientation because the sheet does not cure until it reaches the electron beam curing station.

Abstract: An improved solvent containing sulfolane and at least one dialkyl sulfone, preferably dimethyl sulfone, wherein the improved solvent is a liquid at room temperature and can be used for reaction media and electrochemistry.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol, benzene is reacted with a source of hydrogen containing methane in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene, benzene, hydrogen, and methane. A first stream comprising hydrogen, methane, and benzene is removed from the hydroalkylation reaction effluent and the first stream is washed with a second stream containing cyclohexylbenzene to produce a benzene-depleted hydrogen stream containing hydrogen and methane and a wash stream containing cyclohexylbenzene and benzene.

Abstract: A process for separating ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol. A material flow containing ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol gets into the lower-middle part of the azeotropic rectification column C3 after the light components are removed by the separating columns C1 and C2, wherein the ethylene glycol and the azeotropic agent added from the top of the column form azeotrope which is distilled out from the top of the column and gets into the phase separator D1 after being condensed, the upper phase enriched with azeotropic agent after the phase was separated returns to the top of the column to continue to participate in azeotropy, and the lower phase enriched with ethylene glycol gets into the fourth separating column C4 to be refined to obtain the ethylene glycol product.

Abstract: Solvent regeneration to recover a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a solvent-rich stream containing selective solvent, heavy HCs, and polymeric materials (PMs) generated from reactions among thermally decomposed or oxidized solvent, heavy HCs, and additives is provided. A combination of displacement agent and associated co-displacement agent squeezes out the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent within a solvent clean-up zone. Simultaneously, a filter equipped with a magnetic field is positioned in a lean solvent circulation line to remove paramagnetic contaminants. The presence of the co-displacement agent significantly enhances the capability of the displacement agent in removing the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent.

Abstract: Embodiments of extraction unit and an analysis method are provided. In one embodiment, the analysis method includes the steps of providing a feed stream and a species-selective solvent to the distillation column, drawing a vapor sample from the distillation column, condensing the vapor sample, and analyzing at least a portion of the condensed vapor sample.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for recovery of sulfolane used in a solvent-extraction or extractive-distillation process. A recovery column for the sulfolane solvent comprises a liquid-jet ejector for maintaining the needed vacuum conditions, preferably using water as the liquid.

Abstract: Process for distillatively purifying polymerizable compounds using a high-boiling, inert, thermally long-term-stable substance as a boiling oil, characterized in that the boiling oil is disposed in the bottom of a rectification column.

Abstract: An energy-efficient extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanol from aqueous/ethanol feeds containing any range of ethanol employs an extractive distillation column (EDC) that operates under no or greatly reduced liquid reflux conditions. The EDC can be incorporated into an integrated process for producing anhydrous ethanol used for gasoline blending from fermentation broth. By using a high-boiling extractive distillation solvent, no solvent, is entrained by the vapor phase to the EDC overhead stream, even under no liquid reflux conditions. The energy requirement and severity of the EDC can be further improved by limiting ethanol recovery in the EDC. In this partial ethanol recovery design, ethanol which remains in the aqueous stream from the EDC is recovered in a post-distillation column or the aqueous stream is recycled to a front-end pre-distillation column where the ethanol is readily recovered since the VLE curve for ethanol/water is extremely favorable for distillation.

Abstract: In a process for purifying carboxylic acids comprising halogen compounds, the carboxylic acid is distilled in the presence of a nonvolatile auxiliary base, the halide of which is liquid at the boiling temperature of the carboxylic acid. The auxiliary base binds the hydrogen halide which is present in the carboxylic acid and/or has been eliminated from halogen compounds as a result of thermal action and lowers the vapor pressure thereof in this way, such that the hydrogen halide is held in the distillation bottoms and is not transferred into the distillate. Since the halide of the auxiliary base is liquid, the formation of solid deposits in the distillation apparatus is prevented. The carboxylic acid optionally also comprises at least one low boiler.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and systems for purifying technical grade trichlorosilane and/or technical grade silicon tetrachloride into electronic grade trichlorosilane and/or electronic grade silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butenic fractions having less than 2000 ppm of isobutene in relation to 1-butene from technical mixtures of C4 hydrocarbons I which contain at least 1-butene and 2000 ppmw to 8% by mass of isobutene based on the 1-butene, with or without n-butane, isobutane and/or 2-butenes.

Abstract: A process for recovering crude 1,3-butadiene from a C4 fraction by extractive distillation using a selective solvent in a dividing wall column (TK) in which a dividing wall (T) is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the column to form a first subregion (A), a second subregion (B) and a lower common column region (C) and which is preceded by an extractive scrubbing column (K), wherein the operation of the dividing wall column (TK) is set by regulation of the energy input into the dividing wall column (TK) via a bottom vaporizer (V) and setting of the number of the theoretical plates in the lower common column region (C) so that a bottom stream (17) consisting of purified solvent is obtained from the dividing wall column (TK), is proposed.

Abstract: Process for distillatively purifying polymerizable compounds using a high-boiling, inert, thermally long-term-stable substance as a boiling oil, characterized in that the boiling oil is disposed in the bottom of a rectification column.

Abstract: Crude chlorosilane streams containing lower-boiling chlorosilanes and higher-boiling chlorosilanes are separated by contacting them with a distillation aid. The lower-boiling chlorosilanes are separated from the crude chlorosilane stream, and then the distillation aid and the higher-boiling chlorosilanes are separated from one another. The distillation aid is a mono-cyano-substituted organic compound, a nitro-substituted organic compound, a mono-cyano-substituted organosilicon compound, a nitro-substituted organosilicon compound, or a mixture thereof. These distillation aids increase the relative volatility of crude chlorosilane streams such as methyltrichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane resulting in improved separation at lower capital and/or fixed costs.

Abstract: A method of separating propylene oxide from a mixture (M) comprising 5 to 50 percent by weight propylene oxide and 50 to 85 percent by weight methanol, said method comprising (i) introducing said mixture (M) into an extractive distillation column; (ii) additionally introducing a polar solvent into said extractive distillation column; (iii) distilling propylene oxide overhead from said extractive distillation column at a bottoms temperature of from 40 to 70° C. and at a pressure of from 300 to 750 mbar.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: A process for separating olefins from sulfur-containing hydrocarbons contained in a hydrocarbon feedstock is disclosed and includes contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with N-hydroxyethyl pyrollidone in a contacting zone, removing at least one olefin overhead from the contacting zone, and removing at least a portion of the sulfur-containing hydrocarbons off the bottom of the contacting zone along with the N-hydroxyethyl pyrollidone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery and purification of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (epoxybutene) from mixtures comprising epoxybutene and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing five to seven carbon atoms having boiling points between about 20° C. and 115° C. by means of extractive distillation of the epoxybutene using certain extractive distillation solvents.

Abstract: A process for separating a feed mixture comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and at least one non-aromatic hydrocarbon by extractive distillation (ED) utilizing a solvent mixture comprising sulfolane and at least one co-solvent. The co-solvent is an alkyl sulfolane having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule. The solvent mixture is added to the top of the ED column, and the feed mixture is added at a point on the ED column that is lower than the point where the solvent mixture is added. Extractive distillation is performed, and the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons are separated.

Abstract: A method of separating aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons and naphtenes involves distilling a mixture of the components by an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent. The extractive distillation solvent may be an ester of a dibasic acid, an acetonyl acetone or morpholine.

Abstract: A method of separating ethanol and ethyl acetate, and ethanol and water involves distilling a mixture of the components by an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent. The extractive distillation solvent may be an amine, an alkylated thiopene, and paraffins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal organic interfering components from an alpha olefin crude product recovered in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis plant by extractive distillation using a scrubbing agent containing N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidon (NMP), wherein the NMP is loaded with the organic interfering components, is then regenerated and subsequently reused in the extractive distillation. The alpha olefin crude product contains water in addition to the organic interfering components, optionally to saturation point and the scrubbing agent is freed of water during regeneration to a maximum content of 1000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A perfluorovinyl ether of the formula: RfO(CF2CFXO)nCF═CF2  (1) in which Rf is a perfluoralkyl group, X is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, and n is a number of 0 to 20 containing impurities is purified by removing a hydrogen fluoride adduct of the perfluorovinyl ether (1) through distillation, the perfluorovinyl ether (1) is distilled in the presence of a ketone or an ether having a lower boiling point than that of the perfluorovinyl ether (1) while refluxing such a solvent. This method can remove the hydrogen fluoride adduct of a perfluorovinyl ether as an impurity and provide a high purity perfluorovinyl ether.

Abstract: Mesitylene is difficult to separate from 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene because of the proximity of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are isopropyl acetate, 2-pentanol and acetonitrile.

Abstract: Inhibition of the formation of unsaturated carbon compounds during the heating of 141b involving the addition of various inhibitors such as butylene oxide and/or the use of a vessel made of a nickel alloy.

Abstract: 3-Methyl-2-pentenal cannot be separated from 1-butanol by conventional rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 3-methyl-2-pentenal can be readily separated from n-butanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are dimethoxymethane, petroleum ether and tetramethylortho-silicate.

Abstract: 2-Methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are difficult to separate from 1 pentanol by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 2-Methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol can be easily separated from 1-pentanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 3-carene, propylene glycol phenyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide.

Abstract: 3-Methyl-2-pentenal cannot be separated from n-butanol by conventioal rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 3-methyl-2-pentenal can be readily separated from n-butanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,4-butanediol and phenol.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of pure hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture, more particularly, a high aromatics content hydrocarbon mixture, by extractive distillation in an extractive distillation column. A first solvent feed for a first sub-flow of a selective solvent is provided between the top part of the column and the bottom part thereof. The selective solvent used is an N-substituted morpholine. Substantially non-aromatics are withdrawn as the raffinate from the head of the extractive distillation column and substantially aromatics and selective solvent are withdrawn as the extract from the sump of the extractive distillation column. A second sub-flow of the selective solvent is introduced via a second solvent feed in the top part of the column above the first solvent feed. The quantity of solvent supplied with the second sub-flow constitutes less than 50% of the total quantity of solvent.

Abstract: Cumene cannot be separated from 3-ethyl toulene by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are methyl salicylate, diethylene glycol butyl ether and 3-nitrotoluene.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is difficult to separate from 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene can be readily separated from 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 3-nitrotoluene, m-cresol and sulfolane.

Abstract: Mixtures of allyl alcohol and n-propanol are separated by extractive distillation using propylene carbonate, N-methyl pyrrolidone or gamma-butyrolactone extractive distillation solvent.

Abstract: T-Amyl alcohol cannot be separated from n-butanol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. T-Amyl alcohol is readily separated from n-butanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide, N.N.dimethyl formamide and ethanolamine.

Abstract: A method of separating heteropoly compounds from mixtures of polyethers, polyesters and/or polyether esters, a protic component and heteropoly compounds, wherein the protic component is removed from the mixture and subsequently separating off the heteropoly compound as a separate phase. The polymer phase which remains is preferably brought into further contact with a solid adsorbent that is capable of adsorbing heteropoly compounds.

Abstract: t-Amyl alcohol cannot be separated from n-butanol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. t-Amyl alcohol is readily separated from n-butanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are propyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and heptane.

Abstract: Acetone cannot be separated from a mixture of isopropanol and water because of the closeness of their boiling points. Acetone can be easily separated from isopropanol and water by extractive distillation. Effective extractive agents are 1-nitropropane, 3-carene, dimethylsulfoxide and 3-pentanone.

Abstract: 2-Butanol cannot be sparated from t-amyl alcohol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. 2-Butanol is readily separated from t-amyl alcohol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are butyl ether, benzyl acetate and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene.

Abstract: Methyl ethyl ketone cannot be separated from ethanol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. Methyl ethyl ketone is readily separated from ethanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are methyl benzoate, phenol, glycerol and nitroethane.

Abstract: Cyclohexene is separated from a mixture of cyclohexene and at least one of cyclohexane and benzene by subjecting the mixture to extractive distillation in the presence of an extraction solvent the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group or hydrogen, and n is an integer of from 2-4, thereby preparing a fraction rich in cyclohexene.

Abstract: 4-Methyl-2-pentanol cannot be separated from 3-methyl-1-butanol by distillation because of the closeness of their boiling points. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol can be easily separated from 3-methyl-1-butanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are dodecane, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide.

Abstract: An extractive distillation process for separating at least one substituted unsaturated aromatic from a pyrolysis gasoline mixture, containing said aromatic and at least one close-boiling aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon, employing a two part extractive solvent, the first part selected from propylene carbonate, sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone), methyl carbitol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone and mixtures thereof, and the second portion consisting of water.

Abstract: Ethanol, isopropanol and water cannot be separated from each other by distillation or rectification because of minimum azeotropes. They are readily separated by extractive distillation. Effective agents are: dimethylsulfoxide for ethanol, phenol for isopropanol.

Abstract: 2-Butanol cannot be separated from isobutanol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. 2-Butanol is readily separated from isobutanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are propylene glycol propyl ether, 2-methoxyethanol and ethyl acetate.

Abstract: 2-Methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are difficult to separate from 1-pentanol by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 2-Methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol can be easily separated from 1-pentanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are toluene, methyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: 1-Propanol cannot be separated from t-amyl alcohol by distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. 1-Propanol is readily separated from t-amyl alcohol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are heptane, ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran.