Abstract: A system and method are provided for the separation of hydrogen from natural gas feedstock to form hydrocarbon radicals. Aspects of the system include perpendicular magnetic and electric fields, a method of radical formation that separates hydrogen from the reaction process, and a separation method based on centrifugal forces and phase transitions. The gases rotate in the chamber due to the Lorentz force without any mechanical motion. Rotation separates gases and liquids by centrifugal force. The lighter species are collected from the mid region endpoint of the apparatus and fed back for further reaction. A new concept of controlled turbulence is introduced to mix various species. A novel magnetic field device is introduced comprised of two specially magnetized cylinders. A novel control of temperatures, pressures, electron densities and profiles by, RF, microwaves, UV and rotation frequency are possible especially when atomic, molecular, cyclotron resonances are taken into account.

Abstract: An actuator device includes a housing that defines an enclosed volume region, the housing comprising a movable surface such that at least a portion of the housing is expandable between an expanded state to a contracted state, and the enclosed volume region having a characteristic dimension that is defined as a cube root of an average of a volume of the enclosed volume region in the expanded state and in the contracted state, a working fluid within the enclosed volumetric region, the working fluid comprising a substantially transparent compressible fluid and electromagnetic (EM) radiation-absorbing solid elements distributed within the compressible fluid, wherein the solid elements have an absorptivity in a particular range of EM radiation wavelengths, a heating system for directing thermal energy into the working fluid at predetermined times, and wherein the housing includes an EM radiation transmitting portion having a sufficient area and a sufficient transparency such that more than 25% of the thermal energ

Abstract: Gasifiers are disclosed that include multiple chambers, multiple microwave sources and multiple arc plasma torches. Such gasifiers may be configured to have a drain, an exhaust port and a path of fluid communication between the exhaust port and the drain. Under appropriate conditions, the gasifiers may eliminate undesired waste while at the same time delivering a significant net energy benefit to the operator of the gasifier.

Abstract: A welding filler metal or a welding filler metal product having, in weight percent: 17.0-23.0% chromium, 5.0-12.0% molybdenum, 3.0-11.0% tungsten, 3.0-5.0% niobium, 0-2.0% tantalum, 1.2-3.0% titanium, 0.005-1.50% aluminum, 0.0005-0.100% carbon, <2.0% iron, <5.0% cobalt, and balance nickel wherein the nickel is 56.0-65.0%. A weld deposit formed from the welding filler metal has a minimum yield strength in the as-welded condition of at least 72 ksi (496 MPa). Also, a weld deposit and a method of forming a weld deposit comprising, in weight percent: 17.0-23.0% chromium, 5.0-12.0% molybdenum, 3.0-11.0% tungsten, 3.0-5.0% niobium, 0-2.0% tantalum, 1.2-3.0% titanium, 0.005-1.50% aluminum, 0.0005-0.100% carbon, <8.0% iron, <5.0% cobalt, and balance nickel wherein the nickel is 56.0-65.0%. The weld deposit has a minimum yield strength in the as-welded condition of at least 72 ksi (496 MPa).

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a structure which can reduce the scale of modification of an airframe and allows a device to be installed outside the aircraft to be easily mounted onto the airframe. An aircraft includes, as a structure for mounting a measuring device to be installed outside the aircraft onto the airframe: an arm which penetrates the airframe inwardly and outwardly through a window, and has a portion to be provided with the measuring device and a portion located inside the aircraft; seat rails which support seats disposed inside the aircraft; and a mount which is connected with the arm inside the aircraft and transmits a load input from the arm to the seat rails.

Abstract: An adsorption cell suitable for a thermal wave operated adsorption compressor comprising an elongated solid adsorption material extending along an axis, the elongated solid adsorption material and an elongated heat transfer fluid (HTF) channel in direct heat transferring contact with the outside surface of the solid adsorption material. The adsorption material is formed by a stack of units, i.e. pills of adsorption material. Each pill is accommodated in an associated cup from a heat conductive material. The surface conformity and roughness of the bottom of pill of the unit and of top of the pill of the adjacent unit on the one hand and of the cup bottom wall on the other hand are such that any gap between the abutting bottom and cup bottom wall and the abutting top and cup bottom wall is less than 30 micron, preferably less than 10 micron.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing nano-clusters includes a pair of electrodes separated by an electrode pair spacing and a field generation module that generates a corona discharge across the electrodes. The corona discharge generates an electromagnetic field near the electrodes. A voltage potential across the electrodes is a medium voltage. The field generation module includes a medium voltage module that generates a medium voltage waveform, which is transmitted to the electrodes to generate the corona discharge. The field generation module includes a broad frequency generation module that generates a broad spectrum of frequencies within the medium voltage waveform. A raw material feeder module feeds particles of a raw material through the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field with the broad spectrum of frequencies is operative to separate at least a portion of the raw material fed through the electromagnetic field into free atoms.

Abstract: In a capacitively coupled plasma processing apparatus, a susceptor (lower electrode) 16 within a decompression chamber 10 faces an upper electrode 46 serving as a shower head. The susceptor 16 is electrically connected with a first high frequency power supply 36 and a second high frequency power supply 38 via matching devices 40 and 42, respectively. The first high frequency power supply 36 is formed of a linear amplifier type high frequency power supply and outputs a first high frequency power RF1 for plasma generation. The second high frequency power supply 38 is formed of a switching type high frequency power supply and outputs a second high frequency power RF2 for ion attraction. A residual high frequency power removing unit 74 is connected to a high frequency power supply line 45 on a side of the second high frequency power supply 38.

Abstract: An aqueous fluid treatment method and system is provided which preferably uses a 3 step electro-chemical oxidation process to remove organic contaminates from water. A high surface area electro-chemical reaction cell can be employed to remove organic particles and precipitate hardness salts from the aqueous solution. Several 3-phase spark arcs generated mixed oxidants and acoustic cavitations to remove dissolved organic compounds and oxidize organic metal compounds in the next step. Finally, a dielectric discharge in aqueous foam is used to eliminate recalcitrant organic compounds such as, but not limited to, polychlorinated aromatics, disinfectants, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals before release to environment or recycled.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for creating plasma particles and applying the plasma particles to a liquid. Liquid feedstock (e.g., water and/or hydrocarbons mixed with biomass) is pumped through a pipeline; the single-phase stream is then transformed into a biphasic liquid-and-gas stream inside a chamber. The transformation is achieved by transitioning the stream from a high pressure zone to a lower-pressure zone. The pressure drop may occur when the stream further passes through a device for atomizing liquid. Inside the chamber, an electric field is generated with an intensity level that exceeds the threshold of breakdown voltage of the biphasic medium leading to a generation of a plasma state. Furthermore, the invention provides an energy-efficient highly adaptable and versatile method and apparatus for sanitizing water using plasma particles to inactivate biological agents contaminating water.

Abstract: A process for the plasma-assisted treatment of coal in which coal is directly converted to heavy hydrocarbons. The first step in the process is direct conversion of coal to aliphatic hydrocarbons under plasma conditions in the presence of light hydrocarbons, such as natural gas. In the second process step, the aliphatic hydrocarbons are upgraded to a liquid fuel. The energy for the process can be provided by radio frequency energy, such as microwave energy, that is powered by a renewable energy source. The process has flexibility to adjust aromatic content in the fuel to match fuel specification requirements.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for generating hydrogen and synthetic carbon-free gas by plasma reforming-decomposing of Methane and other hydrocarbons for producing hydrogen and synthetic carbon-free gas through plasma discharge in hydrogen medium. The process involves applying an electrical potential between the electrodes while immersed in hydrogen medium. The plasma ionizes the medium, thereby generating hydrogen and synthetic gas by decomposing of hydrogen medium. The process further involves controlling the process by relocating the generated plasma between two or more further electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing copper nanoparticles, in particular, to a method for manufacturing copper nanoparticles, wherein the method includes preparing a mixture solution including a copper salt, a dispersing agent, a reducing agent and an organic solvent; raising temperature of the mixture solution up to 30-50° C. and agitating; irradiating the mixture solution with microwaves; and obtaining the copper nanoparticles by lowering temperature of the mixture solution. According to the present invention, several tens of nm of copper nanoparticles having a narrow particle size distribution and good dispersibility can be synthesized in mass production.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing nano-clusters includes a pair of electrodes separated by an electrode pair spacing and a field generation module that generates a corona discharge across the electrodes. The corona discharge generates an electromagnetic field near the electrodes. A voltage potential across the electrodes is a medium voltage. The field generation module includes a medium voltage module that generates a medium voltage waveform, which is transmitted to the electrodes to generate the corona discharge. The field generation module includes a broad frequency generation module that generates a broad spectrum of frequencies within the medium voltage waveform. A raw material feeder module feeds particles of a raw material through the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field with the broad spectrum of frequencies is operative to separate at least a portion of the raw material fed through the electromagnetic field into free atoms.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing nano-clusters includes a pair of electrodes separated by an electrode pair spacing and a field generation module that generates a corona discharge across the electrodes. The corona discharge generates an electromagnetic field near the electrodes. A voltage potential across the electrodes is a medium voltage. The field generation module includes a medium voltage module that generates a medium voltage waveform, which is transmitted to the electrodes to generate the corona discharge. The field generation module includes a broad frequency generation module that generates a broad spectrum of frequencies within the medium voltage waveform. A raw material feeder module feeds particles of a raw material through the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field with the broad spectrum of frequencies is operative to separate at least a portion of the raw material fed through the electromagnetic field into free atoms.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging particles in non-conductive liquids, so they agglomerate and can be removed by filtering, is comprised of a housing which contains a non-conductive insert having a multiplicity of channels. The incoming stream is divided into two halves, each of which is flowed through a set of charging channels which contain electrodes, preferably metal brush-like electrodes. One set of electrodes is charged to a high positive voltage; the other set is charged to a high negative voltage. The liquid streams are then merged and flowed trough a set of mixing channels, along the path of which are one or more reversals in flow direction. The mixing channel path length is substantially longer than the charging channel path length.

Abstract: An improved system and method for generating graphene involves producing a plurality of ionized carbon atoms in a plasma generation chamber and providing the plurality of ionized carbon atoms to a graphene generation chamber having a magnetic structure. The graphene generation chamber generates graphene from said plurality of ionized carbon atoms over said magnetic structure such that said graphene floats over said magnetic structure due to said graphene being diamagnetic. The rate at which the plurality of ionized carbon atoms is produced is controlled to control the rate of graphene generation. The magnetic field of the magnetic structure can be controlled to control the rate at which the generated graphene moves through the graphene generation chamber until it exits as a recovered graphene product.

Abstract: In order to remove a pathogenic effect of a microorganism in a room or a work space in a short period of time, an ion diffusing apparatus, which includes an ion generator (17, 18) for generating positive ions each including H+(H2O)m and negative ions each including O2?(H2O)n, where m and n are arbitrary integers, and a blower for delivering the positive ions and the negative ions, which are generated from the ion generator (17), from a blowout opening, is operated to widely distribute, with a high concentration, the positive ions and the negative ions in the room.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating oxygen. The method addresses the objects of reducing the servicing work and improving the purity of the generated oxygen. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of: providing an oxygen comprising gas at a primary side of a dense voltage drivable membrane (12); applying a voltage between a conductive element at the primary side of the membrane (12) and a conductive element at a secondary side of the membrane (12), the conductive elements being electrically connected to the membrane (12), wherein a plasma (18, 20) is generated at at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the membrane (12), the plasma (18, 20) being used as conductive element.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus including an annular filter surrounding a waste treatment chamber, a first turbine drawing liquid up within the chamber and a second turbine driving liquid outwardly through the filter. In the method of treating organic waste, the chamber includes an ultraviolet lamp and a cylindrical baffle surrounding the chamber having a mirrored surface. The disclosed apparatus further includes anodic and cathodic plates surrounding the filter.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to produce a stable, ionic-bonded, dry creatine-?-ketoglutarate product at a molar ratio of about 2:1. The product is stable at room temperature when kept dry for periods of up to one year. The product can be supplemented with additional biologically active, natural amino acid, preferably l-arginine, l-taurine and l-citrulline. The serving dosage is typically between about 1 and 2 g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing fluorinated polysilanes. Hydrogen fluoride and/or hexafluorosilicic acid, which are obtained in particular during acid digestion of mineral phosphates in the production of phosphate fertilisers, are used for the production of SiF4. The SiF4 obtained is thermally or plasma-chemically converted to fluorinated polysilane. The method is particularly efficient and cost-effective.

Abstract: A system providing selective spin modification and reaction in an electrolytic cell. An electrolytic cell is coupled to a magnet that provides a level-splitting magnetic field in a region of electrolyte adjacent to a working electrode, thus establishing a spin resonance for an unpaired electron associated with a chemical species in the region of electrolyte adjacent to the working electrode. The working electrode carries an excitation current produced by a switching source or amplifier. The excitation current produces an alternating magnetic field adjacent to the working electrode that alters the spin state population density for the unpaired electron associated with a chemical species within the electrolyte, thereby enhancing or inhibiting the reaction of the chemical species during subsequent electrolysis.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to produce a stable, ionic-bonded, dry creatine-?-ketoglutarate product at a molar ratio of about 2:1. The product is stable at room temperature when kept dry for periods of up to one year. The product can be supplemented with additional biologically active, natural amino acid, preferably l-arginine, l-taurine and l-citrulline. The serving dosage is typically between about 1 and 2 g.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for generating hydrogen and synthetic carbon-free gas by plasma reforming -decomposing of Methane and other hydrocarbons for producing hydrogen and synthetic carbon-free gas through plasma discharge in hydrogen medium. The process involves applying an electrical potential between the electrodes while immersed in hydrogen medium. The plasma ionizes the medium, thereby generating hydrogen and synthetic gas by decomposing of hydrogen medium. The process further involves controlling the process by relocating the generated plasma between two or more further electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable device for generating ozone in water, purifying the water and making it drinkable. The device comprises a housing; at least two electrodes, including an anode and a cathode extending from the housing into the water and each having semi-rough or rough surfaces in contact with the water. The device also comprises a power supply operatively connected to the electrodes for generating between them a difference of potential creating a current and the hydrolysis of the water creating ozone that purifies the water. The electrodes may have a plate or a rode and tube configuration with a plurality of holes with rough edges. The roughness of the surfaces and of the edges of the holes leads to a coalescence of tiny hydrogen bubbles into larger hydrogen bubbles. The hydrogen may be also removed by absorption in a conductive material and regenerated for reuse.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method for cleaning circulation water, which reduces the cost of operation and maintenance as much as possible, without a cumbersome cleaning operation such as by detaching electrode plates from an electrolysis cleaning tank and removing scale from inside the tank, and to provide a device used in this method.

Abstract: A method of generating a glow discharge plasma involves providing a pair of electrodes spaced apart by an electrode gap, and having a dielectric disposed in the electrode gap between the electrodes; placing the electrodes within an environment, wherein the electrode gap can be provided with a gas or gas mixture containing carbon at a specified pressure; and applying a rapid rise time voltage pulse across the electrodes to cause an extreme overvoltage condition, wherein the rapid rise time is less than a plasma generation time so that the extreme overvoltage condition occurs prior to current flow across the electrode gap. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing nano-clusters includes a pair of electrodes separated by an electrode pair spacing and a field generation module that generates a corona discharge across the electrodes. The corona discharge generates an electromagnetic field near the electrodes. A voltage potential across the electrodes is a medium voltage. The field generation module includes a medium voltage module that generates a medium voltage waveform, which is transmitted to the electrodes to generate the corona discharge. The field generation module includes a broad frequency generation module that generates a broad spectrum of frequencies within the medium voltage waveform. A raw material feeder module feeds particles of a raw material through the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field with the broad spectrum of frequencies is operative to separate at least a portion of the raw material fed through the electromagnetic field into free atoms.

Abstract: A method of sanitizing water contained in a spa is provided which comprises installing a chlorine generating cell including a diamond electrode in a filter compartment of the spa, employing a resin-filled calcium remover bag to reduce the hardness of the water, adding salt to the water; and operating the chlorine generating cell to generate chlorine and other sanitizing agents for sanitizing the water.

Abstract: This invention concerns with the plasma inactivating method and processor that can inactivate the surface of the object without causing the degradation inside of it. The inactivation of toxins on the surface of the object proceeds as removing the toxins by nitriding or oxidizing the toxins by the following triple effects, the sharp pulsed electric field by the supply of the electric pulses, the generated N-radicals (N*) contained inside of the plasma in the surrounding gases composed mainly by N2 gas under the low pressure.

Abstract: A plasma generator in which the variation of the impedance in the cavity before and after plasma is ignited is less and hardly affected by the shape of the cavity, and the ignitability of the plasma is improved and a method of generating plasma using the plasma generator are provided. The plasma generator comprises a nonconductive gas flow pipe (1) for introducing a gas (9) for generating plasma and discharging it into the atmosphere and a conductive antenna pipe (2) surrounding the gas flow pipe. A microwave (7) is applied to the antenna pipe to change the gas in the gas flow pipe into plasma. The plasma generator is characterized in that a slit (3) with a predetermined length is formed in the antenna pipe (2) along the axial direction of the gas flow pipe. Preferably, the plasma generator is characterized in that the length of the slit is an integral multiple of the half-wave length of the applied microwave.

Abstract: The apparatus is proposed for termination of radioactive and other wastes particularly for physical processing of radioactive waste with simultaneous production of hydrogen, oxygen, and electric energy. It includes an ion divider, a plasma chamber communicated with the ion divider, a controllable hydrogen-oxygen dispenser introducing hydrogen and oxygen into the plasma chamber, transformer pipe coils, a transformer chamber surrounded by the transformer coils, the transformer chamber communicated with the plasma chamber, equipment for supplying water and steam into the transformer coils, cooling equipment for receiving ionized steam from the transformer coils and cooling the steam, a sprayer receiving the ionized steam from the cooling equipment and introducing the steam into the ion divider; and dispenser equipment for introducing radio-active wastes and/or worked-out rocket fuels into the transformer chamber, wherein the radio-active wastes and/or worked-out rocket fuels are terminated.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage and recovery system includes a substrate having embedded hydrogen molecules and a grid of cells. Each cell includes an electron source for directing electrons onto the substrate, two orthogonal magnetic or electric fields that are oriented so that the electrons pass through both magnetic fields prior to striking the substrate, and an ion guide. A voltage source establishes a potential for the electrons that is equal to the ionization potential of the hydrogen molecules, so that hydrogen molecules are ionized when the electrons impinge on the substrate. The magnetic fields can be manipulated to deflect, or change, the direction of said electrons passing through the fields, so that electrons strike the substrate at different locations, which allows for more recovery of the embedded hydrogen molecules from the substrate. The ion guide uses an applied electric field to draw hydrogen ions that have been ionized for subsequent storage.

Abstract: An improved system and method for generating graphene involves producing a plurality of ionized carbon atoms in a plasma generation chamber and providing the plurality of ionized carbon atoms to a graphene generation chamber having a magnetic structure. The graphene generation chamber generates graphene from said plurality of ionized carbon atoms over said magnetic structure such that said graphene floats over said magnetic structure due to said graphene being diamagnetic. The rate at which the plurality of ionized carbon atoms is produced is controlled to control the rate of graphene generation. The magnetic field of the magnetic structure can be controlled to control the rate at which the generated graphene moves through the graphene generation chamber until it exits as a recovered graphene product.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the antenna for inductively coupled plasma generation includes a first end connected to an alternating current (AC) power supply, a second end connected to a ground terminal, and an antenna coil unit connected to the first end and the second end and configured to generate an induced electric field when power of the AC power supply is applied. The antenna coil unit includes one or more sub-coil units. The one or more sub-coil units generate a magnetic field in a region adjacent to the antenna coil unit in response to the applied power.

Abstract: A method of generating a glow discharge plasma involves providing a pair of electrodes spaced apart by an electrode gap, and having a dielectric disposed in the electrode gap between the electrodes; placing the electrodes within an environment, wherein the electrode gap can be provided with a gas or gas mixture containing carbon at a specified pressure; and applying a rapid rise time voltage pulse across the electrodes to cause an extreme overvoltage condition, wherein the rapid rise time is less than a plasma generation time so that the extreme overvoltage condition occurs prior to current flow across the electrode gap. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: A method of processing a workpiece in a plasma reactor having an electrostatic chuck for holding a workpiece in a chamber of the reactor includes providing a thermally conductive gas under pressure between a backside of the workpiece and a top surface of the electrostatic chuck, controlling the temperature of the electrostatic chuck, defining a desired workpiece temperature, measuring a current workpiece temperature or temperature related to the workpiece temperature and inputting the measured temperature to a thermal model representative of the electrostatic chuck. The method further includes determining from the thermal model a change in the pressure of the thermally conductive gas that would at least reduce the difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature, and changing the pressure of the thermally conductive gas in accordance with the change determined from the thermal model.

Abstract: A method for producing a purified, stable, compressible gas from an aqueous fluid. The gas is suitable for a variety of uses and may also be infused into water which itself is useful for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Provided is a submerged-type, electrosorption-based desalination apparatus for water purification and method, comprising applying a DC voltage of 0.1 to 2.0 volts to a carbon electrode of the reactor to thereby adsorb inorganic ions on the carbon electrode, and reversely applying the same DC voltage having opposite polarity to recycle regeneration solution to the outside of the apparatus or into the treatment tank, thereby enhancing a recovery rate. In addition, in order to improve desalination efficiency, the reactor used in the desalination apparatus may be embodied in various forms of T-shaped, linear type, single, composite, and ion exchange membrane electrodes. Therefore, the present invention may be applied to remove inorganic ions from industrial wastewater, sea water, and brackish water, which contain large amounts of inorganic ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to droplet-based surface modification and washing. According to one embodiment, a method of splitting a droplet is provided, the method including providing a droplet microactuator including a droplet including one or more beads and immobilizing at least one of the one or more beads. The method further includes conducting one or more droplet operations to divide the droplet to yield a set of droplets including a droplet including the one or more immobilized beads and a droplet substantially lacking the one or more immobilized beads.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles which may be optionally coated. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles characterized in that precursors are subjected to substantially the same amount of activation energy or combination of activation energies in the activation zone at a predetermined concentration of precursors and at a predetermined time of exposure to the activation energy/energies. Furthermore, the present invention relates to nanoparticles produced by the methods according to the present invention. Finally, the present invention concerns a device for producing nanoparticles according to the method of the present invention. The invention provides for a tighter particle size distribution of the generated nanoparticles. The activation energy is selected from the group of RF, MW, IR, plasma, heat and photon absorption.

Abstract: An organic material is produced through a method comprising the steps of —providing a chemical reactor, in embodiments, including a vessel associated with a plasma housing capable of initiating a plasma discharge that produces predetermined byproducts, —dissolving a solid dye in water, obtaining a dye solution that is placed in the vessel, —elevating a temperature and adjusting a pressure inside the vessel up to predetermined temperature and pressure respectively, —injecting the byproducts into the dye solution thereby commencing a chemical reaction, the reaction proceeds during a predetermined time, and further results in obtaining the organic material, and —extracting the organic material from the dye solution. Other chemical reactor embodiments comprise means for heating the solution for modulating properties of the organic material. Preferable method parameters are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hydrogen production by dissociating water molecules in response to plasma output from a plasma source. This plasma source can have an RF antenna, capable of operating in capacitive, inductive, or helicon mode when operating conditions match those required to excite these modes. Hydrogen is produced by injecting water vapor into the plasma source. According to the principles of the present teachings, the apparatus and method are, thus, capable of dissociating water molecules into their constituent species.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing carbon nanotubes or other carbon nanostructures, e.g. cones. The process comprising evaporating/decomposing a carbon containing material in a voluminous thermal plasma generated by rotating an electric arc using an externally applied magnetic field, and condensing said evaporated/decomposed carbon containing material on surfaces or on particles in a gas flow. A reactor for performing the process is also described.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier plasma discharge device consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention has a pair of electrodes spaced apart by an electrode gap. A dielectric is disposed between the electrodes. The electrode gap is provided with a gas at a specified pressure. A rapid rise time voltage pulse generator produces a voltage pulse across the electrodes to cause an extreme overvoltage condition, wherein the rapid rise time is less than a plasma generation time so that the extreme overvoltage condition occurs prior to current flow across the electrode gap. Due to the high voltages and high current densities, the product yields an extremely high instantaneous power density. This extreme overvoltage condition is also believed to lead to production of shock waves and runaway free electrons. The resulting plasma can be utilized to carry out many potential tasks including, but not limited to etching, deposition, and sterilization.

Abstract: [Technical Field] A method and a device for artificially generating and showing an aurora. [Problems] To generate and change a true-to-life curtain-shaped discharge light emission by using a simple device. [Means for Solving Problems] As shown in FIG. 1, in a pressure-reduced chamber (1), two electrodes (2) are arranged in X direction and an electrode (3) is arranged in Z direction in such a manner that the two electrodes (2) oppose to the electrode (3) and they are apart from each other. A coil (6) generates a magnetic line of force (m) in the Z direction. [Main Use] Exhibition for public.

Abstract: Plasma systems with magnetic filter devices to alter film deposition/etching characteristics by altering the effective magnetic field distribution. The magnetic filter devices are placed between the magnet or magnets and a target, typically a semiconductor wafer, and selected and configured to alter the magnetic field to obtain the desired processing results. For deposition, the magnetic filter may be chosen to provide more uniform deposition, to provide increased deposition rates at or adjacent the edges of a wafer to compensate for increased etching rates at the edges of a wafer in a subsequent etching or polishing process. For annealing and doping, the magnetic field may be altered to provide more uniform equivalent annealing or doping across the wafer. Various applications are disclosed.

Abstract: A decomposition cell having a first metal plate with a first layer of dielectric and a second metal plate with a second layer of dielectric wherein each layer of dielectric is sprayed onto the metal plates in molten form using a thermal plasma spray process. The plates are placed in parallel spaced relation forming a discharge area therebetween. One of the metal plates is then attached to a high voltage high frequency source that when actuated causes a discharge within the discharge area.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus replacing atmospheric oxygen with an inert gas such as N2 from the minimum of one laminar air boundary layer of substrates moving in the direction of advance, for instance fast moving lines of material fitted with a first chamber which is only open toward the said substrate and otherwise is sealed off by the surrounding outer space, said first chamber comprising in the zone of its front sealing edge, transversely to the direction of advance, a front corona electrode fed with high DC voltage and associated with a front mate electrode on the other substrate side, and a further corona electrode on the same substrate side mounted on a further sealing edge transverse to the direction of advance, said further corona electrode being fed with high DC voltage and being associated with a further mate electrode on the other substrate side, and including a device feeding the said inert gas.