Abstract: A microwave-induced process for the preparation of 2-aryl and 2,2-diaryl aldehydes and analogues wherein halohydrin formation and subsequent rearrangement to 2-aryl aldehydes from corresponding aryl alkanols occurs without formation of an intermediate epoxide or use of transition metal catalysts or lewis acids/bases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for functionalizing natural fatty substances: According to said method, plant oils including at least two unsaturations and the derivatives thereof, fatty acids including at least one unsaturated compound and the derivatives thereof, and mixtures of same, are reacted with a thiol derivative of formula (I), at a temperature of between 0° C. and the temperature of total degradation of the natural fatty substance and in the presence of a thermal initiator compound or a redox initiator, or by UV radiation, or by UV radiation and in the presence of a photoinitiator. The invention also relates to the resulting functionalized fatty substances and to the use thereof for the preparation of polymers. The invention further relates to a method for preparing polymers from at least one functionalized fatty substance obtained by said functionalization method.

Abstract: Efficient method for preparing sulfonium photoacid generators (PAGs) by microwave-assisted reaction of diarylsufides in the presence of alkylaryliodonium salts. Microwave-assisted synthesis of the PAGs is significantly faster, reducing reaction time with less energy consumption. Reaction times using the microwave-assisted synthesis are in a range of from 90 to 420 faster than conventional thermal conditions. The photoacid quantum yields of several salts prepared by the microwave reaction were measured; the photoacid quantum yields of new sulfonium PAGs were in a range from 0.01 to 0.4 times greater than yields from conventional synthesis. Incorporating a nitro group in the structures of the sulfonium salts increased photoacid quantum yield, induced intersystem crossing and increased the efficiency of photoacid generation compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for N-acylating amino group-carrying organic acids by reacting at least one carboxylic acid of formula (I) R1—COOH (I), wherein R1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group with 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with at least one at least one amino group-carrying organic acid of formula (II) R2NH-A-X (II), wherein A represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group with 1 to 50 carbon atoms, X represents an acid group or the metal salt thereof and R2 represents hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group with 1 to 50 C atoms or a group of the formula -A-X, wherein A and X independently are defined as above, in a reaction tube the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator, under microwave irradiation to form amide.

Abstract: The present invention is draw to microwave heating of a transition metal-catalysed organic reaction, in which a catalyst complex between a transition metal and an auxiliary ligand or ligands, the ligand being asymmetric or symmetric, monodentate or bidentate, results in highly chemoselective, regioselective, and stereoselective allylic substitution reactions. Molybdenum or palladium complexes form suitable catalytic systems with a plethora of ligands in a variety of solvents for such microwave facilitated nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a fertilizer by injecting ammonia into and applying electron beam to gas containing sulfur oxides. Gas containing sulfur oxides is cooled by a heat exchanger (2) and a cooling tower (3), and thereafter introduced into a process vessel (4) in which ammonia is injected into the gas and the gas is irradiated with electron beam. The product of the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas prior to irradiation of the electron beam and the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas after irradiation of the electron beam is controlled to be of a predetermined value.