Abstract: To provide an electrolysis cell for producing an organic chemical hydride capable of advancing a reduction reaction in a cathode of an organic compound having an unsaturated bond with high current efficiency and a small electric power consumption unit.

Abstract: An electrostatic dehydrator or separator having at least two generally horizontal electrodes will function as a separator for water and oil, and also for gas, water and oil. Gas/liquid separation occurs in the front section of the vessel. Oil/water separation takes place in a subsequent section of the vessel which may have two or three independent generally horizontal electrodes or grids spaced at different distances above the generally horizontal oil/water interface. The two or three independent electrodes or grids will each have their own transformer. The higher grid(s) will continue to operate even if the lower grid(s) short out.

Abstract: The present invention provides microwave attenuating, filled composite materials which contain a polymer or ceramic matrix and metallic tubules and processes for making the same and devices which contain such materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides microwave attenuating, filled composite materials which contain a polymer or ceramic matrix and metallic tubules and processes for making the same and devices which contain such materials.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically hydrogenating an oil, the method comprising reacting unsaturated fatty acids in the oil with hydrogen in the presence of a formate electrocatalyst.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid, mixtures of two or more fatty acids, or the unsaturated fatty acid constituents of an edible or non-edible oil's triglycerides is performed using a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. Membrane electrode assemblies consist of a cation exchange membrane onto which porous anode and cathode electrodes are attached. As the electrodes are permeable, reactant and products enter and leave the membrane/cathode and membrane/anode reaction zones via the back sides of the electrodes. Hydrogen is generated in situ by the electro-reduction of protons that are formed at the anode and which migrate through the ion exchange membrane for reaction with the fifty acids or fatty acid constituents. In the disclosed process, only protons (H+ ions) carry the current between the anode and the cathode. The need for a supporting electrolyte to conduct electricity has been circumvented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reacting dense-medium chemicals in an induced plasma state and novel reaction products resulting from the method are described.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a master disc for optical discs, patterns to be displayed on the disc are classified into a main object and a background. The background is commonly assigned as the background pattern for glittering rainbow colors by diffracted light reflected from dummy pits of diffraction gratings or a hologram. The main object is individually assigned as the main object pattern of a diffused reflection portion or mirror surface. The manufacturing method comprises one group of steps for forming the common background pattern and the other group of steps for forming the individual main object pattern in the common background pattern. A development substrate for the master disc is formed by using a mask disc in a first light-exposure of a photoresist layer thereof and by using a displaying-pattern mask in a first light-exposure of the photoresist layer. The individual main object pattern is drawn in the common background pattern of the master disc by using a laser-marking or an etching.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel wax and also to a process for preparing the wax which can be chemically modified in a simple, flexibly adaptable, inexpensive and environmentally friendly way. For this purpose, it is provided for the untreated waxes to be subjected to a low-temperature plasma treatment by means of which the waxes can be chemically modified in accordance with the application.

Abstract: A thermally expandable wax composition and its use in polymer-based actuators is disclosed and claimed. The compositions are wax-based and include conductive filler as well as a viscosity modifier to stabilize the composition against segregation. Optionally included are thermoxidative stabilizers.

Abstract: This invention concerns a SiO.sub.2, SiN.sub.x protection film formed by a CVD or PVD gas phase glowing method capable of preventing melting of the matrix ingredients at the surface of a dielectric material in electric discharge of an ozone generator and it relates to a dielectric material used for an ozone generator capable of overcoming the problems for the abrasion of electrode and dielectric material or melting of ions or molecules of during electric discharge, as well as a method of forming a protection film therefor based on the finding that an SiO.sub.2 film or SiN.sub.x film can be formed easily on a surface of a predetermined electric material or, further, on a surface of electrode by processing a specific reaction gas, for example, comprising a crude gas such as SiH.sub.4, SiCl.sub.4, N.sub.2, NH.sub.

Abstract: Dielectric composites are produced by incorporating metallized particles having a high aspect ratio, such as metallized phospholipid tubules, in a polymeric and/or ceramic matrix and curing or sintering in an electric, magnetic, or flow field to align the particles. The resulting composites have extremely anisotropic properties and high dielectric constants. These composites can be used, for example, in EMI shielding and microwave applications.

Abstract: An improved method of separating organic solvents from aqueous process streams is disclosed in connection with a copper solvent extraction/electrowinning process. An aqueous solution having droplets of an organic solvent entrained therein is admitted to the upper part of a vertically extending vessel, and air bubbles are passed therethrough from an air inlet near the bottom of the vessel. The aqueous solution is continually removed from a point at the bottom of the vessel beneath the point at which the bubbles are admitted, such that countercurrent flow of the bubbles and solvent occurs. The bubbles bind the droplets of organic solvent and can be controlled to form a froth on the upper surface of the solution within the vessel. The froth can readily be collected and the organic solvent condensed therefrom.

Abstract: A process for treating solid substantially non-volatile wastes contaminated with a heat sensitive contaminant is disclosed. The wastes are heated to form a liquid slag. The liquid slag is held at elevated temperature until at least a portion of the contaminating components have either decomposed or evolved from the melt as a gas. The slag is subjected to cooling and the contaminating compounds are bound or encapsulated into a solid glassy slag. The process is particularly suitable for handling fluoride and cyanide contaminated aluminum smelting wastes such as spent potliner material. It is advantageous to add silica to such wastes. The residue from the slagging reaction is a glassy solid sodium metal silicate matrix such that the fluoride residues remaining in the wastes are encapsulated. The amount of silicate blended with the feed material is selected to substantially tie up all of the sodium remaining in the residue after slag melting and is typically 7.5 to 50 weight percent of the feed.

Abstract: A method for preventing bleeding of plasticizers on the surface of shaped articles of plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins. The method comprises the steps of (a) blending a urethane elastomer with the polyvinyl chloride resin together with the plasticizer and other optional additives prior to fabrication of the polyvinyl chloride resin composition into shaped articles, (b) fabricating the resin composition into desired shaped articles, and (c) subjecting the thus shaped article to a treatment with low temperature plasma of a gas. Carbon monoxide is preferred as the gas for the plasma atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved process for the refining of crude oil selected from the group of fats, animal and vegetable oils. The crude oil is reacted with aqueous alkali to produce a treated oil with reduced acidic content but containing finely dispersed, liquid-state alkali metal soaps, and a bulk aqueous alkali phase. The bulk alkali phase is separated from the treated oil. The treated oil is subjected to electrofiltration by passage through a bed of dielectric particulate solids having open continuous, but tortuous flow paths, which are interposed within a d.c. electric field having a gradient of at least 20 kv/in whereby the alkali metal soaps adhere in a liquid state to the particulate solids and provide a purified oil with a substantially reduced content of the alkali metal soaps. The purified oil is sent to a subsequent utilization. A dielectric wash liquid is periodically flowed through the bed to remove the priorly adhering finely dispersed alkali metal soaps from the particulate solids.

Abstract: A system and method for removing colloidal suspensions or particles from a liquid, in particular tall oil soap particles from black liquor of a wood pulping process. Black liquid is moved along a flow path from an upstream to a downstream zone. First and second electrical conductors are respectively located in the upstream and downstream zones and means are provided for applying opposite electrical potentials to these conductors. For removal of anionic colloids, the first conductor is made positive and the second conductor negative. Thus, colloidal particles in the liquid having a relative potential opposite to the potential of the first conductor are attracted towards the first conductor as the liquid flows through the upstream zone, and some of the ions attached to some of these particles are stripped off by the electrical field, leaving these particles with a potential of the opposite polarity from particles not so affected.