Abstract: According to this invention, a cathode electrode is brought into reliable contact with a semiconductor substrate. A cup-like tank is arranged independently of an outer tank, and adjusting mechanisms are arranged on the cup-like tank for supporting the semiconductor and a head for supporting a cathode electrode, respectively. The adjusting mechanisms keep the semiconductor substrate and the cathode electrode to be horizontal, and the semiconductor substrate and the cathode electrode are brought into reliable contact with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical marking of a flat or arced, preferably cylindrical metallic surface of a workpiece, which is connected to one pole of a voltage source, has a tool provided with a metallic pin, which is connected with the other pole of the voltage source. The pin is held in a tool holder of an electrically non-conducting material, which is movable in relation to the workpiece surface. A liquid electrolyte becomes effective between the tool and the workpiece surface.

Abstract: A micromelt structure is provided on a probe tip by contacting the probe tip with a foil of the material from which the micromelt structure is to be formed and passing an electric current through the contact point to melt the foil and cause the molten foil material to collect on the tip of the probe where, by surface tension, it is drawn into a microsphere shape and homogeneously solidifies. The probe with the micromelt tip is highly reproducible and uniform and is particularly effective for use as a probe in scanning microscopy.

Abstract: A method and means of generating gas from water for use as a fuel wherein a pair of spaced-apart carbon electrodes are positioned in a reaction chamber having water therein. Electrical current is supplied to the carbon electrodes to create an electrical arc therebetween causing the electrodes to burn and oxidize to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is generated on an on-demand basis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic charging member for positioning of heavy loads, particularly sheet-like objects as anodes and cathodes into electrolysis tanks. According to the invention, between the loading member (1) and the gripping device (8) there is attached a control frame (3) so that on the ground of the information received from the position detectors (9) the positioning of the gripping device (8) is carried out by moving the control frame (3).

Abstract: A machine for electrochemically machining (ECM) a workpiece having a stacking axis and first and second opposite sides includes a pair of cathode tools. The first and second tools have first and second longitudinal axes, respectively, disposed substantially perpendicularly to the workpiece stacking axis. The first and second tools also include the first and second transverse axes, respectively, disposed perpendicularly to the first and second longitudinal axes, respectively, and substantially parallel to the workpiece stacking axis. The machine is effective for practicing an improved method of moving the first and second tools along the first and second longitudinal axes and along the first and second transverse axes, respectively, toward the workpiece for the electrochemical machining thereof. By moving the respective cathode tools along both longitudinal and transverse axes, a selectively variable resultant feedrate direction is obtained which is inclined relative to the workpiece stacking axis.

Abstract: Probe tips are produced from electrically conductive wire by electrolytic machining of a zone of the wire above a free end utilizing a liquid electrolyte layer in contact with this zone, a ring electrode surrounding this zone, and a layer of an insulating fluid into which the free end extends. The insulating fluid can be air where the electrolyte is a membrane between layers of air above and below the membrane, or a body of a liquid insulator below the electrolyte layer where the insulator and the electrolyte form a bath.

Abstract: A method for electrochemical machining a work piece using an electrochemical machining device including a tool electrode opposing the workpiece across a predetermined machining gap and a device for supplying a pulse current to the machining gap via electrolyte provided in the machining gap includes the steps of determining a predetermined pulse current having a predetermined pulse width, selecting a plurality of partial pulse currents each having a predetermined partial pulse period, calculating a plurality of rest periods based on said partial pulse widths and applying the partial pulse currents, each of the partial pulse periods separated by at least one of the rest periods. According to the method of the present invention, the predetermined pulse width is in the range of about 10-50 msec.

Abstract: An entrance chamber is provided adjacent a plating chamber at a substantially same level as the plating chamber. A carrier is provided for supporting a jig for hanging a workpiece and for conveying the jig between the entrance chamber and the plating chamber. A conveying device is provided in the plating chamber for conveying the jig between the carrier and a plating tank in the plating chamber for performing the plating of the workpiece.

Abstract: An apparatus for electropolishing surfaces includes an inner housing having an open side with a rim facing toward a surface to be electropolished and being otherwise closed. A guide apparatus moves the inner housing along the surface to be electropolished. An inner seal is disposed between the rim of the inner housing and the surface to be electropolished. An electrode is retained in the inner housing. An outer housing has an interior in which the inner housing and the electrode are disposed. The outer housing has an open side with a rim facing toward the surface to be electropolished and is otherwise closed. An outer seal is disposed on the rim of the outer housing. Connections are associated with the outer housing for supplying and removing a rinsing fluid to and from the inner housing. Ducts are associated with the outer housing for supplying and removing electrolyte fluid to and from the inner housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrical processing according to the present invention comprises a machine tool, a power supply means and a working fluid system. A tool is rotatably mounted on the machine tool. A workpiece and the tool are connected to the output terminals of the power supply means. In course of the processing, the tool is rotated through a motor, and working fluid is applied to the tool and the workpiece by the working fluid system. The operation voltage and current rnage from 25V to 28V and 1600A to 3000A respectively for a rough processing, and 1V to 9V and 1A to 90A for a fine processing.

Abstract: In arrangement of high speed plating system, a number of sequential treatment bath units are arranged side by side along an arcuate path at equal intervals, a rotatable transfer unit of workpieces is arranged at the center of the arcuate path to concurrently allocate different workpieces to different treatment bath units for different but concurrent treatments and loading and unloading units are annexed to the transfer unit as interfaces to adjacent systems in a continuous line of production. Arcuate arrangement of the treatment bath units well minimized space demand in a mill and use of the loading and unloading units assure easy and smooth combination of the plating system with adjacent systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of machining optical components such as lens is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an optical raw stock or material, a rotatable holding shaft for holding the optical raw stock, a machining tool having a machining surface thereof held by a rotatable machining shaft and arranged opposite to a surface to be machined of the optical raw stock, an electrically conductive tool as the machining tool, an electrode arranged at a certain distance from the machining surface of the conductive tool, an electrolytic power supply source for applying a positive voltage to the conductive tool and a negative voltage therefrom to the electrode, respectively, and a coolant supplying unit having a nozzle and for spraying weakly conductive coolant between the conductive tool and the electrode, thereby performing the machining of the optical raw stock or material.

Abstract: A process for controlling an aluminum smelting cell comprising monitoring the cell voltage and current, alumina dumps, additions, operations and anode to cathode distance movements, continuously calculating the cell resistance and the bath resistivity from said monitored cell voltage and current, monitoring the existence of low frequency and high frequency noise in the voltage of the cell, continuously calculating the time rate of change of resistance of the cell, suspending calculation for a predetermined time when an alumina dump, addition, operation or ACD movement occurs, establishing filtered resistance slope thresholds, determining whether the low frequency noise is above a predetermined threshold, and if so, increasing the filtered slope thresholds for low alumina concentration detection, calculating an alumina inventory from the alumina dumps, determining whether the cell is overfed, and if not feeding alumina to prevent an anode affect, calculating the heat supplied and heat required for aluminum pro

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for rapidly determining the biochemical oxidation demand (BOD) of a liquid at an on-site location. The apparatus includes a cell body member having a vertically extensive plunger chamber formed therein and a sample holding chamber communicating therewith, a dissolved oxygen sensor for generating a signal in proportion to the amount of dissolved oxygen content in a liquid sample and a culture medium disposed in the sample holding chamber, and a tubular plunger member extensive into the plunger chamber for supporting the dissolved oxygen sensor such that the dissolved oxygen sensor extends into the sample chamber and into contact with the liquid sample and the culture medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical machining has a bath for machining workpieces capable of providing in the zone of treatment an ascending laminar flow of electrolyte occupying the bath. A bath for cleaning the electrolyte communicates with the bath for machining the workpieces by way of a pipe for feeding the electrolyte having a pump and pipe for discharging the electrolyte. The workpieces are conveyed to the bath by workpiece gripping mechanisms.

Abstract: In order to perform the electrochemical roughening of the surface of preferably strip-like metal substrate for the production of printing plates or the like so that the surface is free of smuts and stripes with an even distribution of the roughness, there is a roughening station with three zones and in each zone the current density, the frequency, the temperature of the electrolyte, the type of electrolyte and the residence time may be individually set. Accordingly in the first zone it is possible to use a higher frequency and a higher current density than in the second zone in order to produce a large number of points of attack. In the second zone a longer residence time serves to enlarge the points of attack which have already been formed. In the third zone a particularly high frequency may be used to remove smuts.

Abstract: An electrochemical process and apparatus for the recovery of uranium and plutonium from spent metal clad fuel pins is disclosed. The process uses secondary reactions between U.sup.+4 cations and elemental uranium at the anode to increase reaction rates and improve anodic efficiency compared to prior art processes. In another embodiment of the process, secondary reactions between Cd.sup.+2 cations and elemental uranium to form uranium cations and elemental cadmium also assists in oxidizing the uranium at the anode.

Abstract: A method of electrowinning a metal in which electrolysis and servicing and treatments of the electrodes are carried out using an electrode unit. A plurality of anode plates and cathode plates are allunately and insulatedly assembled and regularly spaced and secured. By use of such electrode units, the anode plates and the cathode plates can be arranged closely-spaced, and thus the efficiency of electrolysis is enhanced, the electrolytic cell can be made compact, and the operation space can be reduced. Also, this method is suitable for automation of an electrowinning operation.

Abstract: An electrochemical machining apparatus is disclosed for removing material from a workpiece. The electrode has a conical tip and an electrolyte is supplied around the outer periphery of the electrode to a gap between the electrode and the workpiece. The combination of the conical tip and the electrolyte being supplied around the outer periphery of the electrode ensures that the gap between the electrode and the workpiece will be maintained at a predetermined distance preventing short-circuiting or uneven drilling of the workpiece.

Abstract: An electrode or cathode assembly includes at least one electrode moveable relatively toward a workpart such as a turbine blade. The electrode includes a primary work face for machining the airfoil portion of the turbine blade. The electrode further includes secondary workfaces transverse to the primary workface for machining the shroud portion and the platform portion of the turbine blade which extend at negative angles transverses to the airfoil portion of the turbine blade. The primary workface comprises upper and lower electrode portions each having a plurality of fingers. The fingers of the upper electrode portion are alternatively disposed among the fingers of the lower electrode portion such that the opposing fingers interleave side by side with one another when the primary workface is closed.

Abstract: A method is proposed for the setting of electrodes in electrolysis cells, especially the setting of carbonaceous anodes (3) in cells (1) for producing aluminium according to the Hall-Heroult process, where the cathode of the cells contains a bath (13) of aluminium oxide dissolved in melted cryolite, and where the aluminium metal is deposited on the bottom of the cathode. The method is characterized in that each anode, in connection with their production (assembly), is provided with reference marks (16 and 17), for instance by providing the anode rod with a paint mark, which defines a predetermined distance from the bottom side of the anode to the cathode. The anodes thereafter are positioned or set according to a rule (18) having reference points (19) each defining the expected anode consumption pr. unit of time, whereby the reference mark (16 or 17) on the anode rod should correspond to a reference point (19) on the rule (18) which is in accordance with the expected setting height.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electro-chemical machining involve: supplying a pulse having a predetermined current density between an electrode and an object to be worked while they face each other with a static electrolyte therebetween; detecting the current of the pulse supplied between the electrode and the object to be worked; comparing the detected current with a reference current set in accordance with factors such as properties of the object to be worked, and increasing the current density of the pulse on the basis of the result of the comparison; supplying pulses having the increased current density between the electrode and the object to be worked a predetermined number of times; and removing electrolytic products generated between the electrode and the object to be worked.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrochemical machining of fashioned surfaces has a bed held fast to a fashioned surface, a working unit in the form of a pair of electrodes mounted on a drive for rotating them on the side of the fashioned surface. The electrodes are made in the form of discs having their axes extending at an angle with respect to each other. The apparatus also has a system for feeding the working unit to the fashioned surface which has a carriage having a drive for moving the carriage horizontally along the bed, the carriage being mounted on the bed, a mechanism for imparting oscillatory motions to the working unit provided on the carriage, and a drive for vertically feeding the working unit mounted on the carriage. The working unit is mounted on a shaft of the drive for vertically feeding the working unit.

Abstract: An electrolytic etching apparatus employs a continuous stencil imprinted with a sequence of identification numbers and includes spaced spools and upper and lower electrodes defining an etching station located between the spools. The stencil extends between the spools and is moved by rotatably indexing the spools to position successive ones of the identification numbers over the lower electrode for etching on a successive one of the metal tubes. A wicking pad is draped over the lower electrode below the stencil and has one end extending into a reservoir of electrolyte also located below the stencil. The wicking pad draws up electrolyte by capillary action to provide a steady flow of the electrolyte to the portion of the wicking pad located directly below a portion of the stencil located at the etching station. The upper electrode is mounted for movement toward and away from the lower electrode and the wicking pad and stencil portions.

Abstract: In a system for electrochemical machining of a workpiece in the form of a flat plate or sheet, the workpiece is supported on a flat first electrode, which is in turn supported on a relatively massive rigid support platform. A second electrode, having a working face defining an area substantially smaller than the area of the workpiece, is supported by a relatively massive framework a slight distance from a working surface of the workpiece in facing relationship therewith to define a working gap therebetween. Electrolyte fluid is introduced under superatmospheric pressure into the working gap through a passage in the second electrode and an opening in the working face thereof. Relative movement is effected between the second electrode and the workpiece longitudinally thereof while an electrical potential is applied across the electrodes to establish current flow between the workpiece and the second electrode for removing material from the former.

Abstract: In a system for electroplating a printed circuit board in which multiple spray orifices are provided in arrays on opposite sides of the circuit board, and multiple vacuum orifices are interspersed symmetrically and midway between adjacent spray orifices, a mounting means is provided for rapid and accurate locating of the printed circuit board in two selectively offset alternative positions to facilitate forming an electroplated layer of uniform thickness. The printed circuit board is supported from an elongate copper bar, with two alignment members mounted to opposite ends of the bar. A pair of saddles are fixed with respect to the tank containing the electrolyte. Each of the saddles has two V-shaped mounting surfaces conforming to the alignment members for a nesting engagement.

Abstract: An improved apparatus 10 for plating interior surfaces of electrical terminals is disclosed which comprises a mandrel having first and second portions 11, 119, the first portion 11 being dielectric and the second portion 119 being conductive. The first portion 11 is mounted for rotation on a stationary conductive shaft 52 as strip fed terminals are continuously fed to, wrapped against and exited from the first portion. The second portion is mounted in a stationary position on the shaft 52. The first portion 11 includes a plurality of nozzles 49 a like plurality of anode members 80, each associated with a respective nozzle, and reciprocally movable between a plating position within a terminal 172 and a retracted position outside a terminal 172.

Abstract: An anode assembly 30 for selectively plating contact areas 102 on the interior surface of cathodically charged socket terminals 96 is disclosed, which comprises a conductive body member 32 having an anode means or member 54 extending forwardly from a body section 38, a dielectric body member 58 adapted to be secured to a forward portion 34 of said conductive body member 32 and having a passageway 62 therethrough for receiving the anode means 54; sheath means 64 extending forwardly from the dielectric body member and along the anode means 54 and extending angularly around at least one selected circumferential portion thereof, and lateral edge surfaces 68 of the sheath means 64 defining at least one slot 70 extending axially along the anode means 54 such that at least one axially extending portion 55 of the anode means 54 is exposed along the slot 70, the sheath means 64 having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of a terminal 96 to be plated; and means for securing said dielectric body member 58 to said

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for positioning sheet-like objects, anodes and/or cathodes, in an electrolysis tank, when the positioning is carried out by utilizing a gripping device (2) designed for gripping sheet-like objects and connected to the loading member (1). According to the invention, the gripping device (2) is movable with respect to the loading member (1) and the electrolysis tank (5) so that the position of the gripping device (2) is adjusted essentially accurately with respect to the electrolysis tank (5) and the loading member (1), on the basis of the measurements carried out by the aid of the identification marks (7) placed in the electrolysis tank (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for survey and/or treatment of a smooth curved surface.The apparatus comprises a vehicle able to be moved on the surface along a predetermined path, the vehicle being provided with abutment means movable with respect to the body of the vehicle. A support arm of the vehicle is fixed to this by a swivel pivot point. The support arm is fixed close to the center of curvature of the curved surface. The axes of the abutment means and of the arm of two supports can be oriented to be substantially concurrent in the vicinity of the center of curvature of the curved surface. Means for survey and/or treatment of the curved surfaces are fixed to the vehicle. Means for control of driving of the vehicle and of the survey and/or treatment means are also provided.Application to the survey and to the maintenance of water boxes of steam generators of electo-nuclear power stations.

Abstract: An electro-chemical machine supplies pulses to a spaced workpiece and electrode in a working tank through an electrolyte in order to finish the workpiece, while eliminating electrolytic products produced in a gap between the workpiece and electrode by supplying clean electrolyte to the gap. This machine includes: an electrolyte filtering apparatus for removing dirty electrolyte containing electrolytic products from the working tank and filtering it; an electrolyte supplying apparatus for intermittently supplying the filtered electrolyte to the gap through a supply hole formed in the electrode; and a power supply apparatus for supplying the pulses to the workpiece and electrode when the flow of electrolyte to the gap stops. Clean electrolyte can be supplied to the gap almost simultaneously with the removal of dirty electrolyte, and then the finishing work is started. A glossy mirror surface on the workpiece can be automatically obtained by repeating those operations.

Abstract: An electrorefining process and apparatus for the recovery of uranium and a mixture of uranium and plutonium from spent fuel using an electrolytic cell having a lower molten cadmium pool containing spent nuclear fuel, an intermediate electrolyte pool, an anode basket containing spent fuel, and two cathodes, the first cathode composed of either a solid alloy or molten cadmium and the second cathode composed of molten cadmium. Using this cell, additional amounts of uranium and plutonium from the anode basket are dissolved in the lower molten cadmium pool, and then substantially pure uranium is electrolytically transported and deposited on the first alloy or molten cadmium cathode. Subsequently, a mixture of uranium and plutonium is electrotransported and deposited on the second molten cadmium cathode.

Abstract: A floating shield is provided for use in an electrolytic plating bath. The shield comprises an elongated trough in which substrates are loaded for plating. The substrates are held in the trough with the lower edge of each substrate below the plane of the edges of the trough. The trough prior to loading is sufficiently buoyant to float on the surface of the electrolyte but sinks into the bath after loading with substrates. In one embodiment the trough is slidably mounted for reciprocating vertical movement in guide members which form part of a mechanical agitator mounted in the bath. The floating shield device serves to facilitate deposition of a uniformly thick layer of metal on the substrate and avoids excessive deposition at the lower extremities of the substrate.

Abstract: A fiber aggregate in which many of the fibers are oriented in the tangent direction of the circumference satisfactorily can be produced by a process and an apparatus according to the present invention. The best feature of the present invention is the following arrangement for a plurality of electrodes used in a process and an apparatus according to the present invention. Vertically extending foil, net or needle-shaped electrodes for orienting the fibers electrostatically are disposed alternately along the circumference of the vertically cylindrical space so as to divide the vertically cylindrical space into equal parts. In addition to this arrangement, the plurality of electrodes may be rotated as well as moved vertically in order not to disturb the fiber aggregation. A fiber aggregate obtained by the present invention has an improved strength and anti-thermal properties.

Abstract: An electrochemical differential resistance measurement arrangement usable for detecting low concentration ionic impurities such as chemical warfare agents in liquids such as water. The disclosure includes details of electrochemical cells used in the liquid resistance measurement arrangement including one cell with fixed electrode positions and a selective ion transmitting membrane one cell with adjustable electrode position, and a combination cell. A differential bridge electrical circuit, together with a preferred form of alternating current energization therefor, an effluent circuit therefor and a balancing method sequence of steps for the bridge, are also included.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for controlling solid electrolyte additions to electrolytic cells for aluminum production.The invention relates to a process for controlling solid electrolyte additions to a cell for producing aluminum by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a molten cryolitic bath according to the Hall-Heroult process.According to this process a nominal value HBC is fixed for the bath height, the level of the bath in the cell is periodically determined on the basis of a fixed dimension point PF known relative to the carbon-containing cathode substrate, from it is deduced the total height HT of the electrolytic bath layer HB and the liquid aluminum layer HM, the thickness HM of the liquid aluminum layer on the cathode substrate is determined, from it is deduced the bath layer height HB, HB=HT-HM and Hb is compared with the nominal value HBC.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing dendrites or other crystalline matter from the surface of a liquid in a matter transport process, and an electrolytic cell including such an apparatus. A notch may be provided to allow continuous exposure of the liquid surface, and a bore may be further provided to permit access to the liquid.

Abstract: Module for mechanized replacement of the anodes of electrolytic cells for the production of primary aluminum, constituted by a cage-shaped structure which can be hooked to a usual bridge crane, with said structure a control cab (8), a hopper, fork-shaped positioning elements, a telescopic arm (17) for clamping, unscrewing and locking anode bars, a crust-breaker device (11), a device for cleaning the upper surface of the worn anode and a skimmer device (14) being associated.

Abstract: The apparatus of this invention is an apparatus for hanging and transferring a plurality of plate members, is provided with a plurality of hanger members, which are slidable along a supporting frame therefor and are able to space apart or bring together the hanging plate members. Therefore, when this apparatus is used for handling of electrode plates in electrowinning of a metal, the electrode plates can be subjected to various treatments in the spaced-apart condition or the brought-together condition as desired as being hung therefrom. Thus the treatments of the electordes can be efficiently effected. The apparatus can be provided with clamp means which bring the hanging plate members together, and tightly assemble them. The thus assembled electrode plates can be immersed in an electrolytic cell as a set, which improves the efficiency of the electrowinning process.

Abstract: In accordance with a preferred, exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of forming a blisk from a workpiece is disclosed. The workpiece includes a blank having oppositely facing first and second faces defined by a radially inner housing, a radially outer top, a first edge, and a second edge. The method comprises the steps of:positioning first and second electrodes adjacent to the first and second faces, respectively, of the blank;supplying a positive voltage to the blank and a negative voltage to the first and second electrodes;channeling an electrolyte between the blank and the first and second electrodes for electrochemically machining the blank;moving the first and second electrodes toward the first and second faces of the blank; andmoving the workpiece toward the first and second electrodes.In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, an apparatus is disclosed for practicing the method.

Abstract: The effectiveness of organic additives acting as inhibitors during the electrolytic deposition of metals from aqueous electrolytes, which contain organic additives for improving the deposition of metal, is electrically measured. In order to permit an improved and more reliable check of the effectiveness of the inhibitor and to permit a controlled supply of makeup inhibitors at the required rate, a partial stream of the electrolyte is supplied to flow at a constant velocity in a measuring cell provided with at least three wire electrodes having a fresh conductor surface, a measuring current of 5 mA to 1.0 A is supplied to the electrodes and is maintained, and the slope of the plotted cathode potential-time curve in the range from 0.1 to 50 minutes is taken as a measure of the effective conecentration of the inhibitor.

Abstract: A high pressure electrolytic cell and an overall system incorporating one or more of such cells are provided, especially adapted for the electrolytic tetramerization of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A device (50) for treating the inner surface of a steam generator heat exchange tube (1) is introduced into the tube (1), the region to be treated is isolated from the remainder of the tube (1), an electrolyte is circulated in this region to carry out the treatment, an electrical field is created between the treatment device (50) and the tube (1) to produce a migration of ions in both directions, the electrical field created is reduced to zero, the electrolyte is removed to a treatment unit and then a compressed-air purge is carried out, the treated region is rinsed with demineralized water and the water is drained, and, lastly, an additional compressed-air purge is carried out.

Abstract: In an electrochemical machining system a continuous web metal is moved through a working region around a conductive roller in electrical contact therewith. Part-cylindrical cathodes are disposed coaxially with the roller a slight distance radially therefrom to define a working gap between the cathodes and the web. The positive and negative terminals of a DC source are respectively connected to the roller and the cathodes and an electrolyte fluid is injected under pressure through bores in the cathodes into the working gap and removed therefrom through other bores in the cathodes or establish a current flow between the web and the cathode for removing material from the former. Retainers confine the electrolyte emitting laterally from the working gap, and electrolyte falling vertically therefrom is collected in a basin. The speed of movement of the web around the roller may be varied as a function of the thickness of the machined web.

Abstract: A suspension arrangement for an anode bar in a cell for electrolytic production of aluminum includes two jacks disposed along the center line of the anode bar, between an anode superstructure and the anode bar. The anode bar is movable in the vertical direction by such jacks which are separately driven, or driven by one common motor. To prevent the anode bar from rotating around its longitudinal axis, there is disposed a torsion device between the anode bar and the anode superstructure. The anode bar is provided with side supporting structure. Which prevents the anode bar from moving side-ways.

Abstract: An electrode is positioned with a predetermined gap between the electrode and a surface of a work in an electrolyte tank. Pulses are intermittently applied to the electrode. Electrolyte including residual products is discharged from the tank. The discharged electrolyte is cleaned by a filtering device to produce clean electrolyte. The clean electrolyte is supplied to the electrolyte tank for next machining.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochemical cell with moving electrode which can be used for chemical current sources or electrolyzers in which one electrode is being consumed. A constant spacing between the electrode 1 and 6 is provided for. This is achieved by applying a force, for instance gravity, on one side of one electrode, which is transferred by means of a slanting plane or links at the sides of the electrodes to a direction perpendicular to the electrode surface, causing the motion of one electrode towards the other when one of them is consuming (dissolving).

Abstract: An electrolyte chamber includes a cathode movable in the chamber toward a workpart to machine same and spaced from a wall of the chamber by a transverse clearance space and further includes a sealing piston movable transversely in the chamber in opposite directions toward and away from the cathode to substantially close off or open the clearance space. The sealing piston includes one or more fluid passages extending therethrough such that electrolyte pressure exerted on the sealing piston is substantially balanced in the opposite directions of movement such that unbalanced electrolyte pressure forces do not prevent the sealing piston from closing off the transverse clearance.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for electrical erosion by electrical discharges across the gap between an electrode and workpiece being eroded. A sensor means provides information regarding the electrical condition in the gap.