Abstract: In vivo monitoring devices and systems for enzymes and/or analytes including devices having a reactant reservoir are provided.

Abstract: Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabricating and implementing electrochemical biosensors and chemical sensors. In one aspect, a method of producing an epidermal biosensor includes forming an electrode pattern onto a coated surface of a paper-based substrate to form an electrochemical sensor, the electrode pattern including an electrically conductive material and an electrically insulative material configured in a particular design layout, and attaching an adhesive sheet on a surface of the electrochemical sensor having the electrode pattern, the adhesive sheet capable of adhering to skin or a wearable item, in which the electrochemical sensor, when attached to the skin or the wearable item, is operable to detect chemical analytes within an external environment.

Abstract: A test strip for electrochemical testing of a blood analyte includes a plurality of test sites for the electrochemical testing of analytes on a single test strip. Each test site includes a first receiving port, the first receiving port for receiving a blood sample, the first receiving port at a first end of the test strip. The test site further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes proximate to the first receiving port. Each test site further includes a first contact and a second contact, the first and second contacts at a second end of the test strip, the first and second contacts interconnected with the first and second electrodes, respectively.

Abstract: A sensor that may be used to detect the presence, amount, and/or concentration of an analyte in a medium within an animal. The sensor may include a sensor housing, an indicator element embedded within and/or covering at least a portion of the sensor housing, and a membrane over the indicator element. The sensor may include one or more of a first coating on an inner surface of the membrane, a second coating on an outer surface of the membrane, and a layer on the outside of the indicator element. One or more of the first coating, second coating, and layer may reduce deterioration of the indicator element by catalyzing degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The one or more coatings on the membrane may increase the light blocking capability of the membrane, which may improve the accuracy of the sensor.

Abstract: The subject invention provides sensor systems that can detect biomarkers related to wound healing (e.g., uric acid, adenosine, arginine and/or xanthine). In one embodiment, the subject invention pertains to materials and methods for monitoring biomarkers non-invasively in a wound and a biofluid (e.g., sweat) in the proximity of the wound, optionally, including other physiological fluids. Skin based, non-invasive enzymatic electrochemical biosensor on a wearable platform (e.g., sweat patch) that can evaluate the healing of wounds through assessment of its biomarker levels are provided. This non-invasive detection from physiologically biofluids can reduce or eliminate occlusion effects.

Abstract: This invention relates to the means for detection of molecular and chemical matter utilizing multiple techniques covering electronics, optics, and imaging techniques. More particularly, this invention is related to detecting levels of certain molecules inside the body through non-invasive contact or non-contact with the body. More specifically, this invention is related to the means to detect levels of molecules associated with metabolic diseases, more particularly the early diagnosis of the disease, especially diabetes. This invention also relates to a medical device that utilizes electromagnetic waves of varying wavelengths and detects waves returned to the device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, assays, compositions and kits for the detection and measurement of UDPglucose in biological samples. The methods, assays, compositions and kits are suitable for use with equipment that is readily available in a clinical laboratory, and permit rapid and reproducible detection and measurement of UDP-glucose at physiologically relevant levels in biological samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for transcutaneous measurement of glucose in a host.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mitigating single point failure of a device in an analyte monitor. Methods include receiving, from a first device, a request for performing an operational test or to provide data related to functionality of a component of a second device, receiving a request from the first device to annunciate an alarm, and annunciating the alarm of the second device.

Abstract: Assay modules, preferably assay cartridges, are described as are reader apparatuses which may be used to control aspects of module operation. The modules preferably comprise a detection chamber with integrated electrodes that may be used for carrying out electrode induced luminescence measurements. Methods are described for immobilizing assay reagents in a controlled fashion on these electrodes and other surfaces. Assay modules and cartridges are also described that have a detection chamber, preferably having integrated electrodes, and other fluidic components which may include sample chambers, waste chambers, conduits, vents, bubble traps, reagent chambers, dry reagent pill zones and the like. In certain preferred embodiments, these modules are adapted to receive and analyze a sample collected on an applicator stick.

Abstract: Provided are sensors for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample fluid. In certain embodiments, the sensors include conductive particles and exhibit improved uniformity of distribution of one or more sensing chemistry components, increased effective working electrode surface area, and/or reduced entry of interfering components into a sample chamber of the sensor. Methods of using and manufacturing the sensors are also provided.

Abstract: A lactate sensor arrangement includes a catheter for withdrawing a test fluid sample, a sensor module for measuring an analyte such as lactate in the sample, and a pumping mechanism. A single uninterrupted flow path extends between the pumping mechanism and the catheter and within the flow path resides a sensor module containing a test chamber. The sensor arrangement also includes a control unit or controller that interfaces with a pumping mechanism driver. The sensor arrangement also includes a source of sensor calibration and anticoagulant solution, such as a reservoir, which has a silicone rubber fill septum, a non-woven Teflon air vent, and a check valve sub-assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates a setting method for a conducting element of an electrochemical test strip and electrochemical test strip thereof. An inspection body is formed by injection molding polymer plastic materials to coat with the plurality of conducting elements, and an external contact surface on an information outputting end of the conducting element is exposed from an inspection slot of the inspection body, so that the information outputting end of the conducting element is extended from the inspection body. Eventually, the information outputting end is bent to fix on a surface of the inspection body. The present invention is not complex and has more precision and convenience, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced efficiently, so that wide application can be expected in the near future.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing biointerface that comprises a sensing electrode incorporated within a non-conductive matrix comprising a plurality of passageways extending through the matrix to the sensing electrode. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing a sensing biointerface and methods of detecting an analyte within tissue of a host using an analyte sensing biointerface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing biointerface that comprises a sensing electrode incorporated within a non-conductive matrix comprising a plurality of passageways extending through the matrix to the sensing electrode. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing a sensing biointerface and methods of detecting an analyte within tissue of a host using an analyte sensing biointerface.

Abstract: A method for generating a hybrid reaction flows feedstock gas that is also a plasma medium through microchannels. Plasma is generated with the plasma medium via excitation with a time-varying voltage. UV or VUV emissions are generated at a wavelength selected to break a chemical bond in the feedstock gas. The UV or VUV emissions are directed into the microchannels to interact with the plasma medium and generate a reaction product from the plasma medium. A hybrid reactor device includes a microchannel plasma array having inlets and outlets for respectively flowing gas feedstock into and reaction product out of the microchannel plasma array. A UV or VUV emission lamp has its emissions directed into microchannels of the microchannel plasma array. Electrodes ignite plasma in the microchannels and stimulating the UV or VUV emission lamp to generate UV or VUV emissions. One common or plural phased time-varying voltage sources drive the plasma array and the UV or VUV emission lamp.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for purification of biological material using high gradient magnetic separation. For example, a method includes: providing a ferromagnetic matrix surrounded by a separation column, the separation column including an elongate body defining a lumen having an inlet and an outlet; applying an external magnetic field to the separation column; saturating unspecific binding sites in the ferromagnetic matrix by applying a buffer solution to the ferromagnetic matrix; and introducing biological material into the lumen of the separation column. In some embodiments, the ferromagnetic matrix is uncoated, and the buffer solution includes at least one macromolecule. In some embodiments, the method further includes incubating the ferromagnetic matrix with the buffer solution for at least three minutes to equilibrate the ferromagnetic matrix.

Abstract: A tissue-implantable sensor for measurement of solutes in fluids and gases, such as oxygen and glucose, is provided. The sensor includes: i) a detector array including at least one detector; ii) a telemetry transmission portal; iii) an electrical power source; and iv) circuitry electrically connected to the detector array including signal processing means for determining an analyte level, such as glucose level, in a body fluid contacting the detectors. The sensor components are disposed in a hermetically sealed housing having a size and shape suitable for comfortable, safe, and unobtrusive subcutaneous implantation allowing for in vivo detection and long term monitoring of tissue glucose concentrations by wireless telemetry.

Abstract: Systems and methods of use for continuous analyte measurement of a host's vascular system are provided. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose measurement system includes an electrochemical sensor incorporating a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, wherein a capacity of the reference electrode is controlled.

Abstract: Light-addressable potentiometric sensing units are provided. A light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit comprises a conductive substrate, a metal oxide semiconductor layer, and a sensing layer. The metal oxide semiconductor layer is made of indium gallium zinc oxide, indium gallium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium oxide co-doped with tin and zinc, tin oxide, or zinc oxide. The wide-band gap characteristic of the metal oxide semiconductor layer enables the light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit to resist the interference from visible light. The light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit therefore exhibits a more stable performance.

Abstract: Provided is a measuring method using a biosensor, the method including: introducing a sample containing a substance to be measured into an electrochemical measurement cell, wherein the electrochemical measurement cell comprises: an insulating base plate; and an electrode system applying a first voltage to the electrode system; applying a second voltage to the electrode system; obtaining a first signal; obtaining a second signal; and correcting the second signal by the first signal, to determine the concentration of the substance to be measured in the sample.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring a property of a fluid, in particular a concentration of a substance or an ion concentration in said fluid or a pH-value of said fluid, comprising: a housing comprising a housing section to be immersed into the fluid during measurement operation, and an aperture foreseen in an outside wall of the housing section, in particular in a side wall surrounding an interior of the housing section or in a front wall closing off a front end of the housing section, for exposing a single sensor for measuring the property of the fluid to the fluid, when the housing section is immersed into the fluid.

Abstract: A system for measuring a property of a sample in a liquid which includes a test strip and a meter is provided. Some embodiments relate to a diagnostic test strip for collecting a sample, the strip having a plurality of electrodes for measuring a property of the sample, and the strip having a control circuit at a distal region of the strip, the control circuit configured to communicate with a controller of a meter, the control circuit including an embedded temperature sensor, a memory for lot coding and authentication of the test strip, and an inhibit logic for inhibiting the test from being used more than once; and a diagnostic meter for receiving the test strip, the meter having a controller programmed to communicate with the control circuit.

Abstract: A distributable sampling and sensing instrument for chemical analysis of consumable foods and other agricultural products. The distributable sampling system is used to separate and concentrate the chemicals of interest obtained from samples at remote locations via thermal desorption onto a detachable target substrate that can be analyzed on-site or off-site. The volatile components adsorbed onto the target substrate can be analyzed with specific sensors (e.g., electrochemical sensors) or the assembly can be sent to a central lab and analyzed with conventional chemical instrumentation (e.g., GC-MS). This instrument provides the capability to enable chemical analysis of a wide range of chemical species of interest in a wide range of environments and conditions.

Abstract: Electrode systems are disclosed for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in-vivo conditions, where such systems include a counter electrode having an electrical conductor, a working electrode having an electrical conductor on which an enzyme layer containing immobilized enzyme molecules for catalytic conversion of the analyte is arranged, and a diffusion barrier that slows the diffusion of the analyte from body fluid surrounding the electrode system to enzyme molecules. The enzyme layer is in the form of multiple fields that are arranged on the conductor of the working electrode at a distance from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing biointerface that comprises a sensing electrode incorporated within a non-conductive matrix comprising a plurality of passageways extending through the matrix to the sensing electrode. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing a sensing biointerface and methods of detecting an analyte within tissue of a host using an analyte sensing biointerface.

Abstract: A printed flexible PH sensor is provided. The printed flexible PH sensor includes a flexible substrate. A working electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the working electrode includes a first silver layer formed on the flexible substrate by an ink-jet printing process, a second silver layer formed on the first silver layer by a silver mirror reaction, and a metal oxide layer disposed on the second silver layer of an end portion of the working electrode. A reference electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the reference electrode includes the first silver layer and the second silver layer formed on the first silver layer, and a silver chloride layer totally covering the second silver layer. A method for fabricating the printed flexible PH sensor is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of film materials for biosensors, in particular to a film for biosensors and a preparation method. Provided is an organosilicon polymer, the raw materials thereof comprising the following components: at least one active organosilane, at least one curing agent, at least one optional hydrophilic copolymer and at least one optional regulator and/or filling. The membrane prepared from the provided organosilicon polymer has outstanding oxygen permeability and is adjustable in water absorption rate, and can put regulation and restriction on the diffusion of analytes (e.g. glucose) and interferents (e.g. acetaminophen). Meanwhile, the provided organosilicon polymer film also has indispensable physical strength and superior biocompatibility, and can serve as a multifunctional polymer film material for biosensors, such as anti-interference layer, analyte regulating layer and biocompatible layer.

Abstract: An electrical circuit element, defined as “pixel”, can include at least one silicon nanowire open for contact with a medium for sensing; a metal electrode open for contact with said medium and used for feeding a high-frequency sinusoidal stimulation in impedance measurements and for sensing properties of said medium; implanted source and drain electrodes connected to said silicon nanowire and leaving the gate area and parts of said electrode open for contact with said medium; electrical metal contacts for connecting said pixel to an electrical circuit; and a reference electrode open for contact with said medium for creating a three-electrode-cell system and providing a constant gate potential in the circuit. Some embodiments provide a microelectronic sensor and wearable-patch sensor based on the array of these pixels. Also, some embodiments provide methods for performing DC readout, AC readout and a triple readout combining both DC and AC readouts and temperature sensing.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed herein for producing one or more immunoglobulins in an isolated cytotoxic B lymphocyte cell line. An isolated cell line includes an isolated B lymphocyte cell line capable of expressing at least one exogenously incorporated membrane immunoglobulin reactive to a first antigen and at least one endogenous secreted immunoglobulin reactive to a second antigen, and further capable of expressing at least one exogenously incorporated recombinant B cell receptor that signals for expression of cytotoxic effector molecules.

Abstract: Provided is an electron mediator system, which may include a first transition metal complex and a second transition metal complex, wherein a working potential of the electron mediator system may be substantially the same as a molar average of a working potential of the first transition metal complex and a working potential of the second transition metal complex.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus suitable to be used for analyzing at least one sample with an electrochemical sensor array, comprising at least one upper layer; at least one inlet and at least one outlet opening provided on the upper layer; at least one lower layer having at least one recess thereon; at least one two-sided adhesive membrane matching to the recess; at least one sensor array secured to the lower layer, at least one reference electrode, at least one counter electrode, at least one communication channel, at least one conductive line providing a connection between the working electrode and the communication channel on at least one plate; at least one further two-sided adhesive membrane spaced from the adhesive membrane positioned on the lower layer and enabling the sensor array to be secured to the upper layer.

Abstract: Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring a substance using a biosensor, the method comprising: introducing a sample containing the substance into an electrochemical measurement cell which comprises an insulating base plate; at least two electrodes formed on the insulating base plate; and a reagent layer that is disposed on at least one of the electrodes and comprises an oxidoreductase; applying a voltage to the electrodes; detecting a charge transfer limiting current which is generated due to the transfer of electrons from the substance in the sample to the electrode; and determining the concentration of the substance contained in the sample based on the charge transfer limiting current.

Abstract: A method for measuring cell cycles includes immobilizing a capture specifically binding to a cell membrane protein to a substrate, wherein the cell membrane protein is a counterpartner binding to the capture, binding a cell having the cell membrane protein as the counterpartner to the capture, and measuring a redox potential of the cell. A method for screening a substance affecting cell cycles includes immobilizing a capture specifically binding to a cell membrane protein to a substrate; wherein the cell membrane protein is a counterpartner binding to the capture, binding a cell having the cell membrane protein as the counterpartner to the capture, treating a test substance of interest for analysis to a cell, and measuring a redox potential of the cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates a setting method for a conductive object of electrochemical test strip. In the embodiment, this manufacturing process is not complex, convenient, and has well precision, such that the cost of manufacturing an electrochemical test strip is reduced effectively, the disadvantage of past manufacturing process is improved. The present invention is highly applied and convenient, so that wide application can be expected in the future.

Abstract: Embodiments of sensing devices include one or more integrated circuit (IC) die, a housing, and a fluid barrier material. Each IC die includes an electrode-bearing surface and a contact surface. One of the die includes an SFET with a sensing electrode proximate to the electrode-bearing surface. The same or a different die includes a reference electrode proximate to the electrode-bearing surface. The die(s) also include IC contacts at the contact surface(s), and conductive structures coupled between the SFET, the reference electrode, and the IC contacts. The housing includes a mounting surface, and housing contacts formed at the mounting surface. The IC contacts are coupled to the housing contacts. The fluid barrier material is positioned between the mounting surface and the IC die. The fluid barrier material provides a fluid barrier between the IC and housing contacts and a space that encompasses the sensing electrode and the reference electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical biosensor based on a complex including a porous support on a chip and enzyme(s) immobilized inside the pores of the porous support, and a method for preparing the same. Since the colored product does not flow out of the pores but is concentrated therein, the optical biosensor of the present disclosure has remarkably improved sensitivity. In addition, it is possible to carry out quantitative determination and qualitative analysis since color intensity increases with time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analytical testing devices including micro-environment sensors and methods for assaying coagulation in a fluid sample applied to the micro-environment sensors, and in particular, performing one or more types of coagulation assays using one or more micro-environment sensors in a single point of care combined test cartridge. For example, the present invention may be directed to test sensor including at least one transducer coated with a polymer layer. The polymer layer comprises a thrombin-cleavable peptide with a detectable moiety.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrode strip, a sensor strip, a system thereof and a manufacturing method thereof. The sensor strip includes a first reactive film, a second reactive film and a vent hole. The first reactive film includes a substrate, a first electrode layer and a first insulation layer. The first end of the first insulation layer is concaved to a first depth to form a first reactive area. The second reactive film includes a second electrode layer and a second insulation layer. The first end of the second insulation layer is concaved to a second depth to form a second reactive area. The vent hole penetrates the second insulation layer, the second electrode layer and the first insulation layer so as to connect the first reactive area and the second reactive area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming an electrode, an electrochemical sensor comprising the same, and a method for determining an analyte using the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates a setting method for a conductive object of electrochemical test strip. In the embodiment, this manufacturing process is not complex, convenient, and has well precision, such that the cost of manufacturing an electrochemical test strip is reduced effectively, and the disadvantage of past manufacturing process is improved. The present invention is highly applied and convenient, so that wide application can be expected in the future.

Abstract: An electrochemical test strip, measurement system and method for determining sample content in the reactive region of the electrochemical test strip are presented. The electrochemical test strip comprises an insulator substrate which includes an electrode system disposed thereon. The electrode system includes at least one pair of electrodes. A lower plate which includes a reactive region and a sampling cell is disposed on the insulator substrate. An upper plate is disposed on the lower plate, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes is designed as an electrical loop adjacent to the sampling port.

Abstract: It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to suppress variance in measurement results from a biological information measurement device and enhance measurement accuracy. A biological information measurement device comprises a main case having a sensor mounting component for mounting a sensor that senses biological information, a measurement component that connects to the sensor mounting component, a controller that connects to the measurement component, a first timer that connects to the controller, and a second timer that connects to the controller. The controller has a measurement mode in which a measurement operation is performed through the measurement component. In the measurement mode, the controller executes the measurement operation based on a preset measurement timing using the first timer, and determines the suitability of the measurement operation based on the preset measurement timing, using the second timer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing biointerface that comprises a sensing electrode incorporated within a non-conductive matrix comprising a plurality of passageways extending through the matrix to the sensing electrode. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing a sensing biointerface and methods of detecting an analyte within tissue of a host using an analyte sensing biointerface.

Abstract: An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. The analyte sensor includes a crosslinked copolymer network in contact with a surface of an electrode. The copolymer network has voids formed by the removal of a porogen, and an analyte sensing component is immobilized within the network. The method involves forming a solution of the precursors of the copolymer, depositing the mixture on a surface of an electrode, and curing the deposited mixture to provide the analyte sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protein-immobilized membrane (14) including a cell membrane homologous layer (14A) and a protein (14B) immobilized to the cell membrane homologous layer (14A), where the protein contains cytochrome or a cytochrome complex. The present invention also relates to a method for forming a protein-immobilized membrane (14), and an enzyme-immobilized electrode and a biosensor (X1) provided with a protein-immobilized membrane (14). Preferably, the cell membrane homologous layer (14A) may contain a phospholipid polymer, and the protein (14B) may be CyGDH including an ? subunit having a glucose dehydrogenase activity and cytochrome C having a function of electron transfer.

Abstract: Analytes in a liquid sample are determined by methods utilizing sample volumes from about 0.3 ?l to less than 1 ?l and test times from about 3.5 to about 6 seconds after detection of the sample. The methods are preferably performed using small test strips including a sample receiving chamber filled with the sample by capillary action.

Abstract: A nanopore based sequencing chip package is disclosed. The nanopore based sequencing chip package includes a reservoir defined by a plurality of surfaces. The chip package includes a nanopore cell array comprising a plurality of nanopore sensor cells enclosed by the reservoir. Each nanopore sensor cell has a working electrode. At least one surface of the reservoir is configured to be in contact with a conducting fluid when the conducting fluid is flowing through the reservoir. The chip package further includes a counter electrode disposed on the at least one surface of the reservoir.

Abstract: The concentration of glucose in a blood sample is determined by methods utilizing test strips having a sample receiving cavity having a volume from about 0.3 ?l to less than 1 ?l and determining the glucose concentration within a time period from about 3.5 seconds to about 8 seconds.