Abstract: An oxygen concentration detector easily assembled without producing conducting malfunctions at an external electrode includes a cylindrical housing and a detecting element being inserted into and disposed inside the housing. Powdery seal materials made of ceramic power are filled under pressure between a top portion of the detecting element and the housing. The detecting element has the external electrode at an external surface thereof and a lead portion extending upwardly from the external electrode. A ring-shaped conducting member is installed between the lead portion of the detecting element and the housing as a ground to conduct electricity therebetween and has a resilient contacting piece in contact with the lead portion at an inner peripheral portion of the ring-shaped conducting member.

Abstract: A sensor device, particularly for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having a sensor element that is surrounded gas-tight by a seal and fixed in a housing. The seal (19) is inserted as a pre-sintered, deformable sealing body (19') into the housing (12), between a ceramic molded body on the side of the measured gas and a ceramic molded body on the connection side (18, 20); the pre-sintered sealing body (19') can be deformed under pressure. The ceramic molded parts (18, 20) and the sealing body (19') have respective axially-extending throughgoing holes (32, 42, 52). The sealing body (19') has formed-on structures that narrow the cross section of the throughgoing hole (42) and are deformed by the sensor element (22) when the sensor element (22) is inserted such that the sensor element (22) is stopped, arrested or fixed in the installed position in the throughgoing hole (42) by the formed-on structures.

Abstract: An A/F sensor is driven by a voltage applied thereto at a command issued by a microprocessor, outputting an A/F detection signal which is linearly proportional to the concentration of oxygen. The microprocessor controls the voltage applied to the A/F sensor to bring a current flowing through the A/F sensor to a predetermined value in a zone outside a predetermined air-fuel ratio detection zone. In this outside zone, the applied voltage is controlled in accordance with a characteristic different from a positive characteristic in a normal positive characteristic in a voltage-current relation. That is, in a rich zone outside the air-fuel ratio detection zone, the applied voltage is controlled so as to make the applied voltage approach a maximum value of the electromotive force of the A/F sensor. In a lean zone outside the air-fuel ratio detection zone, on the other hand, the applied voltage is controlled so as to make the applied voltage approach a minimum value of the electromotive force of the A/F sensor.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio sensing element comprises a cup-shaped solid electrolyte with one end opened and the other end closed, an external electrode provided on an outer wall surface of the solid electrolyte so as to be exposed to measured gas, and an internal electrode provided on an inner wall surface of the solid electrolyte in a confronting relationship to the external electrode. A first insulating layer, made of a gas-permeable and nonconductive porous material, is provided on the external electrode at least in a region used for detecting of an air-fuel ratio. A second insulating layer is provided outside the first insulating layer and, a heater layer as provided between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A gas sensor has a sensor cell unit which includes a detection member made up of an oxygen concentration cell, oxygen pump cell and a spacer interposed between the oxygen concentration cell and the oxygen pump cell to define therebetween a measurement gas chamber. The spacer has a pair of communicating holes for providing communication between the measurement gas chamber and the outside. Diffusion control layers made of porous material are formed within the communicating holes of the spacer so as to control flow of the detection gas into the measurement gas chamber, etc. The diffusion control layer is made of alumina and has on the outer surface thereof (i.e.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration-detecting device for an internal combustion engine includes an oxygen concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, for detecting concentration of oxygen present in exhaust gases emitted from the engine. Energization of a heater for heating the oxygen concentration sensor is started when the ignition switch is turned on. The energization of the heater is stopped after a predetermined time period has elapsed after the turning-on of the ignition switch.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration sensor having excellent sealing performance between a lead wire and a lead wire insertion hole includes a sensor element disposed insertedly into a housing, protective covers disposed at an end portion of the housing, lead wires inserted into the protective covers, and an elastic insulating member disposed inside the protective covers and having a lead wire insertion hole for inserting the lead wires. The lead wire insertion hole in the elastic insulating member has a rib protruding in the radial direction. The elastic insulating member is caulked and fixed by the protective covers.

Abstract: A device for sensing ammonia (NH.sub.3) and nitrogen oxide (NO.sub.x) gases comprising: a sensor for detecting said ammonia and said nitrogen oxide gases, said sensor including a substrate and a layer consisting of cuprate material for detection of said ammonia and said nitrogen oxide gases, wherein said layer of cuprate material is selected from the group consisting of Y:Ba:Cu:O (YBCO) and Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu:O (BSCCO); a sensor holder for supporting said sensor; a perforated cap positioned over said sensor, said perforated cap having openings for passage of said ammonia and said nitrogen oxide gases to said sensor; a detection circuit communicating with said sensor for measuring output from said sensor; and a display or recording device connected to said detection circuit for displaying or recording a concentration of said ammonia and said nitrogen oxide gases based on the output from said sensor.

Abstract: A sensor having a working electrode, a solid electrolyte and a counter electrode forming an electrolytic cell within a protective casing is provided. The sensor is utilized for monitoring the concentration of a specific constituent within a sample fluid by measuring the electrical potential difference between the electrode exposed to the sample fluid, which is the working electrode, and the counter electrode, which is exposed to a reference fluid. A protective casing shields the electrolytic cell from the sample fluid and access to the working electrode is provided by sample fluid ports provided in the protective casing. To minimize the surface area of the working electrode exposed to the sample fluid, a restricter is placed in the channel defined by the protective casing and the working electrode.

Abstract: A seal for a sensor element for a gas sensor for determining the oxygen content in a gas to be measured including exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the seal including a metallic housing having defined therein a longitudinal bore; a sensor element inserted into the longitudinal bore; and a sealing arrangement provided in the longitudinal bore, surrounding at least a portion of the sensor element, and comprised of at least one seal element comprised of steatite and an additional seal element comprised of boron nitride arranged in contact with one another and in a stack having a side near the gas to be measured so that, when there is one seal element comprised of steatite, the one seal element comprised of steatite is positioned on the side of the stack near the gas to be measured, and so that, when there are two seal elements comprised of steatite, the additional seal element is positioned between the two seal elements comprised of steatite, wherein the at least one seal element comprised of steatit

Abstract: An oxygen sensor made of alkaline-earth-doped perovskitic lanthanum ferrites with the general formula:La.sub.1-x Me.sub.x FeO.sub.3-.delta.where Me is one of the alkaline earth metals, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba and x is the degree of doping, and the oxygen deficit of anion .delta.=0 to 0.25. The degree of doping of the lanthanum ferrites is x=0.1 to 0.3 and resistance is measured in the lanthanum ferrites as a function of oxygen partial pressure.

Abstract: To achieve change-over from detection of an internal resistance of an oxygen sensor S to detection of a threshold current effectively in a short time, a positive desired voltage for measuring a threshold current is applied to an oxygen sensor S to detect the threshold current and then a negative voltage for measuring a temperature is applied to the oxygen sensor S for a short time to detect an internal resistance of the oxygen sensor. After that, when the voltage applied to the oxygen sensor S is restored to a positive desired voltage for measuring the threshold current, by applying a voltage higher than this positive desired voltage temporarily to the oxygen sensor S, discharge or recharge of electric charges due to electrostatic capacitance components of the oxygen sensor S is completed quickly to reduce the time required for convergence to the threshold current when the voltage is changed. As a result, it is possible to reduce the time during which the threshold current cannot be detected.

Abstract: A gas concentration detector comprises a plate sensor element including a sensing action and a signal output section. A flange section is formed between the sensing section and the signal output section so as to protrude in the lateral direction thereof. A cylindrical housing has an inside space for receiving the sensor element. Powder is disposed in the inside space of the cylindrical housing at a predetermined position adjacent to the flange section so that the sensor element is airtightly fixed to the housing by applying a pressing force on the powder. Furthermore, a cross-sectional area of the signal output section is larger than a cross-sectional area of the sensing section.

Abstract: A shaft-like heating member is inserted into and fixed to an oxygen sensing element of a hollowed shaft-like member, together with of a terminal member. A heating portion is located at a portion of the heating member closer to the extreme end thereof. The surface of the heating portion is resiliently pressed on the element inner wall in a side-abutting fashion. In this case, a guide mainly gives rise to the elastic force. With such a side-abutting structure, heat generated in the heating portion is directly transferred to the oxygen sensing element, and heats it. Heat radiated from a portion in the vicinity of its contact position additively heats the oxygen sensing element. Temperature of the oxygen sensor quickly reaches an activation temperature.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration detector has a detecting element comprising a solid electrolyte inserted into a housing and heating means for heating the detecting element, and the outer surface of the detecting element is provided with a surface layer, the contact angle of the surface layer being larger than the contact angle of the outer surface of the detecting element with which the surface layer directly contacts.

Abstract: A seal for a sensor element of a gas sensor for determining the oxygen content in gases including exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which seal seals the sensor element in a longitudinal bore of a housing, the seal including a sealing stack which is positioned within the longitudinal bore of the housing and around the sensor element in use and which is comprised of two sealing bodies and an additional seal positioned between the two sealing bodies. The two sealing bodies are comprised of a pre-sintered ceramic material. The additional seal is comprised of a pre-pressed powder material and has a porosity which is lower than that of the two sealing bodies. The two sealing bodies and the additional seal are compressed together within the longitudinal bore in use, whereby at least the additional seal is deformed so that the sensor element is sealed in a gap-free manner within the longitudinal bore.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration sensor according to the present invention, which can introduce a large amount of air into the atmospheric chamber easily and can sustain stable detecting characteristics for a long time, includes a sensor element having a first end exposed to measured gas and a second end exposed to atmospheric gas, a cover for covering the second end of the sensor element; and a water repellent member disposed in the cover. In the cover, a space is formed to introduce atmospheric gas therethrough to the sensor element. The cover further includes an outer ventilation hole to introduce atmospheric gas into the space. The water repellent member divides the space into an inner space and an outer space between the sensor element and the outer ventilation hole. Each cross-sectional area of air passages in the inner space and the outer space is larger than that of the air passage of the outer ventilation hole.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio sensor comprises an oxygen concentration sensing element, a housing for holding this oxygen concentration sensing element, and protecting covers with gas holes. The protecting covers comprises an inside cover disposed closely to the oxygen concentration sensing element, and an outside cover surrounding the outside cover. Flange-like peripheral portions, formed on the protecting covers, are fixed to the abutting face of the housing by a caulking operation. These flange-like peripheral portions are disposed alternately along a same closed curve around the oxygen concentration sensing element, so that they are not overlapped with each other.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting an oxygen concentration includes a sensor element having an atmospheric chamber therein, a heater inserted in the atmospheric chamber, and a holder for holding the heater in the atmospheric chamber. The holder includes a cylindrical portion for covering an outer periphery of the heater, and a plurality of cantilever elastic pieces provided at a lower portion of the cylindrical portion. The elastic pieces includes a heater supporting portion elastically contacting with the periphery of the heater and a fixing portion elastically contacting with an inner surface of the sensor element. In this way, it is possible to assemble a heater into a sensor element easily without causing damage to the heater.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring element for determining oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines includes a metallic housing; a sensor element which is a tube that is closed at one end, which is inserted into the metallic housing, and which forms a structural unit with the metallic housing; a seal composed of a glass sealing and a metallic sleeve, the glass sealing connecting the sensor element and the metallic sleeve in a gas-tight manner; and a ceramic sealing ring which is disposed between the sensor element and the metallic sleeve, wherein the glass sealing is inserted between the sensor element and the ceramic sealing ring, as well as between the ceramic sealing ring and the metallic sleeve, wherein the sensor element and the seal form a preassembled structural unit which can be inserted into the metallic housing, and wherein the metallic sleeve is welded to the metallic housing in a gas-tight manner.

Abstract: In an oxygen analyzer for an industrial process, an automotive type oxygen sensor has a sensor element assembly with an outer thin walled shield containing insulation and surrounding the sensor element of the automotive type oxygen sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor for detection of oxides of nitrogen forming part of a gas, including a substrate consisting of a solid electrolyte on which a conductive pattern is arranged which includes at least two parts forming an anode and a cathode, a current being produced in the sensor in the presence of oxides of nitrogen and the anode and the cathode being connected to an external voltage source which is adapted to drive the current and to means for measuring the current, which constitutes a measure of the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the gas. The sensor is adapted to generate the current by means of a transport of oxygen ions in the sensor which essentially originates from oxides of nitrogen being part of the gas, independently from the content of oxygen in the gas.

Abstract: The invention includes the use of a pre-equilibration zone on an exhaust gas sensor to provide catalytic site to catalyze non-reacted components of the exhaust gas prior to the gas sample reaching the sensor's outer electrode. The pre-equilibration zone has microcomposite which preferably includes a precious metal in a porous carrier such as a ceramic oxide. The invention also includes a method of making an exhaust sensor including a pre-equilibration zone, and a method of sampling an exhaust gas by passing the same through a pre-equilibration zone.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor element for detecting an oxygen concentration, the oxygen sensor includes a solid electrolyte; a porous film covering the solid electrolyte at the gas-measuring side; and a reaction electrode provided on the porous film; wherein the porous film includes ceramic particles and metallic particles, and the metallic particles are bonded with the reaction electrode by a metallic bond. In this way, the porous film includes the ceramic particles and the metallic particles to form an irregular surface, and the reaction electrode is adhered to the irregular surface of the porous film in such a manner that the electrode bites into the surface of the porous film. The metallic particles in the irregular surface of the porous film are tightly bonded to the reaction electrode by the metallic bond.

Abstract: The invention proposes a measuring-probe arrangement for detecting gases flowing in a gas conduit, especially exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust conduit of internal combustion engines. The measuring-probe arrangement has a measuring element (13) which is surrounded in sealing fashion by a housing (11). The section of the measuring element (13a) located at the measured-gas end of the measuring-probe projects from the housing (11) and is surrounded with a clearance by a protective tube (21) which is fixed by one end section on the housing (11) and has one or more openings (22) for the measured gas. The measuring probe (10) is arranged in such a way in the gas conduit (30) that the gas opening (22) is arranged on that side of the protective tube (21) which faces away from the flow (35) of the measured gas.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration detector comprises a housing 10, a detecting element 12 with a built-in heater, a holder 2 made of an insulating ceramic and interposed between the housing and the detecting element 12, and a protecting cover 16 fixed to the housing 10 in such a manner as to cover the outside of the detecting element 12. The protecting cover 16 has gas inlets 160, and a protecting cylinder 21 formed by extending the holder 2 is interposed between the detecting element 12 and the protecting cover 16.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring sensor for determining the oxygen content of gases, such as exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a housing having an annular sealing seat defined on an inner surface thereof; a sensor element which is comprised of a solid electrolyte body which is oxygen-ion conducting, which has a form of a tube having a closed end and which has an annular shoulder provided thereon; and a seal ring positioned between the annular sealing seat of the housing and the annular shoulder of the solid electrolyte body, and including a plurality of resilient elements distributed thereon.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an oxygen concentration detector includes a housing, a detecting element inserted into said housing and a cover for covering a top portion of said detecting element. The detecting element is made of solid electrolyte and includes an atmospheric chamber therein. The cover includes an air vent portion for introducing air into said atmospheric chamber of the detecting element. The detecting element includes an air introducing path open to the atmospheric chamber at a side wall of the detecting element. It is possible to provide an oxygen concentration detector capable of introducing the air into the atmospheric chamber and maintaining an oxygen concentration in the atmospheric chamber at the same level as an atmosphere constantly.

Abstract: A laminated type oxygen concentration sensor includes a laminated type oxygen concentration sensor element having a plate shape with a flange on a side surface thereof, and a housing in a tubular shape having an inclination seat inclined in a central axial direction thereof. The housing supports the laminated type oxygen concentration sensor element by contacting the inclination seat with the flange of the laminated type oxygen concentration sensor element at an outer circumference of the inclination seat. Since the sensor element is supported by contacting the flange with the inclination seat of the housing at the outer circumference of the inclination seat, the pressure per unit area imposed on the sensor element is minimized and cracking of the sensor element is prevented.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor includes a tubular metal shell, a tubular housing having an end attached to the metal shell and another end sealed by a seal member. A solid electrolyte tube is attached to the metal shell and has on inner and outer surfaces thereof electrode layers and lead layers connected to the electrode layers, respectively. A pair of lead wires extend through the seal member between inside and outside of a housing assembly constituted by the metal shell and housing while being sealingly held by the seal member. A pair of metallic leads are disposed inside of the housing assembly for connection between the lead layers and the lead wires, the metallic leads having at one end thereof electrode connecting portions having a spring property, the electrode connecting portions being attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the solid electrolyte tube and held in contact with the lead layers under spring pressure.

Abstract: Sensors (10, 40) accurately measure the concentration of an oxide compound, such as nitrogen oxide NO.sub.x, in a gas mixture (11) which can include oxygen O.sub.2. The sensors (10, 40) each comprise a chamber (12, 42) adapted to receive the gas mixture (11) as well as first and second electrochemical cells (16, 17) for consuming oxygen and/or the oxide compound in the chamber (12, 42). The first electrochemical cell (16) comprises a first internal electrode (16a) inside the chamber (12, 42), a first external electrode (16b) outside the chamber (12, 42), and a first electrolyte body (14') therebetween. The second electrochemical cell (17) comprises a second internal electrode (17a) inside the chamber (12, 42), a second external electrode (17b) outside the chamber (12, 42), and a second electrolyte body (14") therebetween. The first and second electrolyte bodies (14', 14") are permeable to oxygen ions.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor is provided with a virtual point contact electrode to improve performance, extend operational life and to minimize thermal shock breakage; it is also provided with reduced annular space between the protective sheath and zirconia electrolyte, and minimized communicating openings to the furnace atmosphere, in order to reduce burnoff air flow during probe conditioning.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for determining the oxygen concentration in gas mixtures is proposed. The sensor has a solid electrolyte (10) with oxygen ionic conductivity, which has a measuring electrode (11) that does not catalyze establishment of equilibrium of the gas mixture and is exposed to the gas mixture. The measuring electrode (11) contains platinum and bismuth. The effect of these materials is that the free oxygen contained in the gas mixture is preferentially adsorbed, without reacting with the other gas components such as CO and HC.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor probe for a boiler including a U-shaped zirconia element that is to be brought in contact with an exhaust gas in the interior of a cylindrical probe body attached to a plug and arranged together with a thermocouple in the longitudinal direction of the body. A heater for heating the element is provided around the periphery of the element and a protective filter is provided on the top portion of the body. The probe is characterized by the U-shaped zirconia element 11 being located at an upper end of the probe body 12 with its concave open portion 11' facing upwards to be contacted with the exhaust gas while its convex closed portion 11" faces downward to be confronted with the thermocouple 16.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element having one end portion exposed to gas to be measured. A plurality of electrodes are provided on the other end portion of the sensor element. A plurality of terminal contacts are resiliently held in electrical contact with the electrodes, respectively, in such a manner that the terminal contacts hold the other end portion of the sensor element therebetween. The electrodes are so provided on the sensor element that the terminal contacts abut against the electrodes to prevent the sensor element from being moved axially and laterally.

Abstract: A boron nitride ceramic is used as a high temperature gasket material to prevent gas leakage between an exhaust gas oxygen sensor and the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas sampling system for analyzing the oxygen partial pressure in a gas carburizing atmosphere. The system is appropriate for remote sensing of gas when the probe can't be fitted in the heat treating apparatus. Sooting of the sampled gas tube and probe is eliminated by use of ceramic, non-catalytic surfaces in the measuring vessel. A ceramic feed pipe, with a small diameter, introduces the gas to be measured into the vessel and increases the velocity of the gas to avoid sooting.

Abstract: The invention relates to the electrochemical production of alkylene oxides and particularly to a process wherein an alkylene oxide is produced at both the anode and cathode of an electrochemical reactor.

Abstract: A control device and associated methodology select from at least two on-line sensors to assure an accurate and reliable feedback input to control the heat treating conditions within a furnace. The device and methodology also serve to provide an "alert" or "early warning" of gradual degradation of sensor performance, before ongoing heat treating operations are adversely affected.

Abstract: The invention includes the use of a pre-equilibration zone on an exhaust gas sensor to provide catalytic site to catalyze non-reacted components of the exhaust gas prior to the gas sample reaching the sensor's outer electrode. The pre-equilibration zone preferably includes a precious metal on the surface of a porous carrier. The invention also includes a method of making an exhaust sensor including a pre-equilibration zone, and a method of sampling an exhaust gas by passing the same through a pre-equilibration zone.

Abstract: A gas sensor that has its heater and sensing layer on opposite sides of the substrate. The gas sensor includes a buffer layer separating the gas-sensing layer from the substrate to improve mechanical strength and electrical properties. The heater is preferably formed of nickel paste and is provided on the back of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention includes an automotive exhaust gas sensor including an inside belleville design, wherein a belleville spring is located inside a middle shell sub-assembly and below an upper insulator. The design provides for improved interior loading pressures with improved resiliency for a self-contained air reference source exhaust gas sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of gases in a mixture of gasses by means of a gas sensor composed of three electrodes 1,2,3 and a solid electrolyte 4 upon the surface of which are secured the electrodes. A voltage Us being composed of a dc component Udc and an ac component Uac is applied to at least two electrodes, the measuring electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2. Us is controlled with reference to the reference electrode 3. The voltage components Udc and Uac of the voltage Us are chosen so that the metal salt formed by the ions of the solid electrolyte 4 with the gaseous components to be detected is again decomposed. The ion, current flowing between the electrodes is measured in dependence upon the voltage as applied. The concentration of the several gasses can be determined by known mathematical methods from the functional relation between the ion current and the voltage Us.

Abstract: Sensors (10, 40) accurately measure the concentration of an oxide compound, such as nitrogen oxide NO.sub.x, in a gas mixture (11) which can include oxygen O.sub.2. The sensors (10, 40) each comprise a chamber (12, 42) adapted to receive the gas mixture (11) as well as first and second electrochemical cells (16, 17) for consuming oxygen and/or the oxide compound in the chamber (12, 42). The first electrochemical cell (16) comprises a first internal electrode (16a) inside the chamber (12, 42), a first external electrode (16b) outside the chamber (12, 42), and a first electrolyte body (14') therebetween. The second electrochemical cell (17) comprises a second internal electrode (17a) inside the chamber (12, 42), a second external electrode (17b) outside the chamber (12, 42), and a second electrolyte body (14") therebetween. The first and second electrolyte bodies (14', 14") are permeable to oxygen ions.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring sensor for the determination of the air/fuel ratio in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines both in the low-fuel and also in the fuel-rich range with a sensor element with an electrochemical oxygen concentration cell and an oxygen pumping cell with solid electrolyte base is proposed, in which the sensor element is arranged in a housing, capable of insertion in the exhaust gas pipe, in a manner such that the electrodes of the electrochemical oxygen concentration cell and of the oxygen pumping cell of the sensor element in the measuring sensor are situated outside the exhaust gas pipe, the communication with the atmosphere taking place via openings in the housing and the communication with the exhaust gas taking place via a diffusion slit. The sensor element is characterized by a particularly simple construction, free oxygen being available to the oxygen pumping cell both in the lean and also in the rich lambda range.

Abstract: A planar, solid-state electrochemical oxygen sensor having a substrate, conductive strips deposited on the substrate, and a dielectric layer insulating portions of the conductive strips except those portions which define a working electrode and at least one second electrode. The working electrode may be defined by an open printed region of the dielectric, or by a needle-punched or laser-burned hole or opening in the dielectric which exposes a small region of one of the conductive strips. A solid electrolyte contacting the electrodes is covered by a semipermeable membrane which may comprise an acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer or an acrylate-based copolymer. A sample chamber is defined by the membrane, a cover member, and a gasket therebetween, and has a volume of from about 1 to about 2 .mu.l. The gasket is formulated from the highly cross-linked polymerization product of epichlorohydrin. All sensor components are selected such that a sensor operable for at least 2 days under normal conditions is produced.

Abstract: A probe for measuring oxygen potential, especially to determine the carboransfer properties of a furnace atmosphere containing the gases H.sub.2, CO, and CH.sub.4, with the probe having an oxygen ion conducting, solid measuring electrolyte with a contact electrode in the furnace atmosphere and a contact electrode in a reference medium that has a known oxygen concentration. To improve the accuracy of the measurement, an oxygen ion conductive compensation electrolyte in the form of a detachable solid body is connected between the contact electrode in the furnace atmosphere and the solid measuring electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for detecting oxygen partial pressure and an oxygen partial pressure sensor are provided. The method for measuring oxygen partial pressure includes contacting oxygen to a solid oxide electrolyte and measuring the subsequent change in electrical conductivity of the solid oxide electrolyte. A solid oxide electrolyte is utilized that contacts both a porous electrode and a nonporous electrode. The electrical conductivity of the solid oxide electrolyte is affected when oxygen from an exhaust stream permeates through the porous electrode to establish an equilibrium of oxygen anions in the electrolyte, thereby displacing electrons throughout the electrolyte to form an electron gradient. By adapting the two electrodes to sense a voltage potential between them, the change in electrolyte conductivity due to oxygen presence can be measured.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas atmosphere sampling system for analyzing the oxygen partial pressure in a gas carburizing atmosphere. The system is appropriate for remote sensing of gas atmosphere when the probe can't be fitted in the heat treating apparatus. Sooting of the sampled gas tube and probe is eliminated by use of ceramic, non-catalytic surfaces in the measuring vessel. A ceramic feed pipe, with a small diameter, introduces the gas atmosphere to be measured into the vessel and increases the velocity of the gas atmosphere to avoid sooting.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration sensor of this invention comprises an element and a diffusion hole. The element is exposed to a gas to be measured and has a chamber portion formed together with an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte. The diffusion hole is provided for restricting the flow of said gas to be measured into said chamber portion. Furthermore, the relationship 1.ltoreq.S/(L.multidot.V).ltoreq.5 is established with the diffusion hole having a cross sectional area S (mm.sup.2) and a length L (mm) and the chamber portion having a volume V (mm.sup.3). To do so, the oxygen concentration sensor can provide a stable output even if a pressure of the gas to be measured is abruptly changed.