Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for the production of drinking water with high silicate content, including the steps of mixing demineralised raw water and a waterglass solution comprising sodium and/or potassium silicate; and subjecting at least one part of the mixture to an ion exchange process to reduce the concentration of sodium and/or potassium. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a device for the production of drinking water with high silicate content, the device including a mixing device for mixing demineralised raw water and a waterglass solution comprising sodium and/or potassium silicate, an ion exchanger to subject at least one part of the mixture to an ion exchange process to reduce the concentration of sodium and/or potassium.

Abstract: Between two juxtaposed similar ion exchange membranes (AEMs or CEMs), an ion depletion zone and ion enrichment zone are generated under an electric field. As cations are selectively transferred through the CEMs, for example, anions are relocated in order to achieve electro-neutrality, resulting in the concentration drop (increase) in ion depletion (enrichment) zone. The use of a sacrificial metal anode allows electrocoagulation (EC) concurrently with ICP thereby permitting concentration of both ionic and non-ionic impurities to occur at the same time within the same cell or device.

Abstract: Between two juxtaposed similar ion exchange membranes (AEMs or CEMs), an ion depletion zone (dde) and ion enrichment zone (den) are generated under an electric field. As cations are selectively transferred through the CEMs, for example, anions are relocated in order to achieve electro-neutrality, resulting in the concentration drop (increase) in ion depletion (enrichment) zone. The concentration drop (i.e. salt removal) is low and spatially gradual at relatively low voltage or current (i.e. Ohmic regime). However, at higher voltage or current (i.e. overlimiting regime), strong electroconvective vortex accelerates cation transport through CEMs, allowing us to “relocate” most salt ions. The flat depletion zone occurs with significantly low ion concentration, and corresponding strong electric field in the zone, and any charged agents (e.g. proteins and bacteria) cannot penetrate this flat zone.

Abstract: A method comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified and basified and dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution. A method for desorbing CO2 from an ocean comprises flowing seawater and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus, applying a voltage such that dissolved CO2 is generated, flowing the seawater out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the seawater. A method for producing a desalted solution and CO2 gas comprises flowing process solution and electrode solution into a BPMED apparatus that includes one or more three-compartment cells, applying a voltage such that the process solution is acidified, basified, and desalted, flowing the process solution out of the apparatus, and desorbing CO2 out of the process solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to environment protection, and discloses apparatus and method for electrokinetic in-situ leaching remediation of contaminated soil. The apparatus includes a DC electrical source, electrode chambers, electrodes, permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), electrode solution pH testers, electrode solution extraction tubes, a heating pipe network, a heat exchanger, leacheate sprayers, acid-base adjusting solution sprayers, a multichannel peristaltic pump, automatic control devices, an electrode solution storage tank, an electrode solution treatment pond, an in-line pump, single-channel peristaltic pumps, a flowmeter, a time control device, a leacheate storage tank, an acid solution storage tank, an alkali solution storage tank, and soil pH testers.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for producing copper having a dense graphite anode electrode and a dense graphite cathode electrode disposed in a CuCl solution. An anion exchange membrane made of poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) and polyethylenimine cross-linked with a cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of acetone, formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and mixtures thereof is disposed between the two electrodes.

Abstract: An electrokinetic method and apparatus for discretely collecting ionic contaminants from a variety of media, with an ionic current there across in which an ion collection compartment has been positioned. Each compartment preferably compromises of an anion or cation exchange membrane and a solution that provides an accumulation zone for ions that permeate into the compartment. After the collection period, the solution is extracted from the compartment, and the concentration of ionic contaminants is determined using standard analytical methods. The preferred apparatus embodiment for use in conjunction with such a method has a direct-push probe configuration. The apparatus can be used (a) to detect low concentrations of ionic contaminants, (b) to evaluate cleanup efficiencies, and (c) to monitor the transport of ionic contaminants.

Abstract: The invention uses the electro-kinetic principle for a method for the cleaning of materials contaminated with heavy metals, whereby use is made of an apparatus comprising two charge-selective ion-exchange membranes with different charges combined with an inner and an outer electrolyte solution chambers which are separated by the membranes which serve a blocking function. A surprisingly good degree of removal is achieved, particularly in relation to the current consumption, and at the same time the heavy metals can be precipitated in a separate vessel such that they can be reused.

Abstract: Methods for controlling electroosmotic flow through a porous medium by applying an electric field between a plurality of electrodes positioned in a porous medium, supplying an acid solution to at least one of the electrodes and/or the soil, and supplying a zeta potential modifying compound to at least one of the electrodes is disclosed. The methods can be used to separate organic as well as inorganic contaminants from porous mediums.

Abstract: A method is provided for the electrokinetic decontamination of land or other material comprising soil in which a direct current is applied between at least one cathode (2) and at least one anode (4) positioned in or on said soil. The anode (4) is a carbon felt wrapped around current (10) and electrolyte feeders and the cathode (2) is contained in a porous housing (6) through which electrolyte is able to pass. On application of current there is electrokinetic movement of cations and other soil contaminants towards the cathode which pass through the porous housing and into the catholyte. The thus loaded catholyte is circulated through a treatment plant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for soil remediation replaces specific ions in the soil electrochemically, using a DC voltage source and special multicompartment anodes and cathodes, each comprising an inner compartment containing electrolyte and a submerged electrode, a salt bridge connecting the electrolyte to an outer compartment containing a specific solution with replacement ions for soil remediation, and a membrane holding in the replacement solution. The membrane is put into contact with the soil, allowing electrical contact and ion migration while keeping the solution inside the anode or cathode. The multicompartment structure prevents the hydroxide and hydronium ion emplacement that causes acid and base fronts to form.