Abstract: In described embodiment a method and an apparatus are provided for blood characterization. A closed loop electrical circuit employs as part of the circuit, a time varying resistive path that is made out of blood constituents and other chemicals. As the blood characteristics are changing, the resistance of the electrical path is also changing. The resistance change over a predefined time window is used to determine the blood thickness information. The resistance value change over another predefined time window is used to determine the blood density information. Presence as well as absence of blood constituents is determined from the resistance change over a pre-defined time window.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods of diagnosing neurodegenerative disease by analyzing proteins or protein expression profiles in a subject, or RNA or RNA expression profiles in a subject. In certain embodiments, the disclosure contemplates the diagnosis of preclinical or symptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy by identification of components of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins or fragments thereof which are capable of forming cytoplasmic tangle-like structures.

Abstract: Disease specific markers, in particular cancer markers, can be detected by electrophoretically separating proteins and protein complexes from a biological sample on a protein binding polymeric membrane in a low conductivity, water-miscible organic solvent buffer. Electrophoretic separation profiles representing different diseases can be produced, and used in the diagnosis or prognosis of these diseases.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented that facilitate electrophoresis of prior-cast, hydratable separation media, usefully immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. The method exploits the swelling of prior-cast, hydratable separation media upon rehydration to help lodge the media in an enclosing member that permits spaced electrical communication with the enclosed separation media. The electrical communication permits a voltage gradient to be established in the enclosed separation medium sufficient to effect separation of analytes therein. Cassettes, buffer cores, electrophoresis systems and kits are presented for effecting the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Proteins can be rapidly separated to a high degree of resolution by electrophoresis on polymeric membranes that have high protein binding capacity. The electrophoretic separation is carried out in a low conductivity, water-miscible organic solvent buffer. The low conductivity of the organic solvent buffer minimizes heat generation, and the water-miscible nature of the organic solvent buffer permits the analysis of hydrophobic and low molecular weight proteins as well as hydrophilic proteins. When electrophoresis is conducted under non-denaturing conditions, it allows the detection of enzymatic activities, protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand interactions.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of retentate chromatography for resolving analytes in a sample. The methods involve adsorbing the analytes to a substrate under a plurality of different selectivity conditions, and detecting the analytes retained on the substrate by desorption spectrometry. The methods are useful in biology and medicine, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.

Abstract: A method and device is disclosed for rapidly identifying a large number of proteins by placing a protein mixture in a sample chamber of an electrophoresis gel, and performing electrophoresis to separate the mixture by molecular weight, in a direction of separation, into a two-dimensional separation pattern in the gel. The separation pattern is transferred to a membrane, such as a sheet of nitrocellulose, and a plate with a set of separate, side-by-side slots is then applied to the membrane. A different antibody mixture is introduced into each of the slots by perfusing each antibody mixture under pressure through the slots. The antibody mixture that is perfused through each slot recognizes several different proteins of sufficiently different molecular weights that different protein bands can be resolved by the antibody mixture in each slot.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for separating a sample, such as a protein, into its components by two-dimensional electrophoresis wherein instead of bringing the first separation medium, e.g., a fragile elongated gel strip, into contact with a second separation medium, e.g., a gel slab, after the former has been subjected to electrophoresis, the second separation medium is formed or cast in place along the length of the first separation medium only after the latter has undergone electrophoresis separation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for separating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes from a biological sample by electrophoresis, characterized in that the electrophoresis is carried out on an electrophoresis support after depositing a solution of lectin onto the electrophoresis support in a predetermined localised zone, under conditions which permit interaction between said lectin and the ALP isoenzymes contained in the analysed biological sample, deposition of the lectin solution further being carried out under conditions which are suitable to allow separation of the ALP isoenzymes constituted by the osseous fraction and by the hepatic fraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to characterize, optimize, and control the quality and production of hydrogel media. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for determining the size, size distribution, and spatial distribution of the pores of a porous substrate. More particularly, the invention provides a method for determining the size, size distribution, and spatial distribution of the pores of a polymeric hydrogel-based substrate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for separating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes from a biological sample by electrophoresis, characterized in that the electrophoresis is carried out on an electrophoresis support after depositing a solution of lectin onto the electrophoresis support in a predetermined localized zone, under conditions which permit interaction between said lectin and the ALP isoenzymes contained in the analyzed biological sample, deposition of the lectin solution further being carried out under conditions which are suitable to allow separation of the ALP isoenzymes constituted by the osseous fraction and by the hepatic fraction.

Abstract: A recording material having a compression modulus of elasticity of 650 kgf/cm.sup.2 or less in the direction of the thickness thereof and exhibiting a maximum strain of 0.08 or more generated under pressure of 40 kgf/cm.sup.2 in the thickness direction of the recording material, can record thereon electro-coagulated ink images with high clarity and color density by electro-coagulation printing.