Abstract: A water treatment system includes a magnetic electrode stage structured to receive water and to subject the water to a plurality of magnetic fields alternating in polarity, a static mixer stage coupled to an output of the magnetic electrode stage and structured to direct the water through an alloy mesh, a high voltage electrode stage coupled to an output of the static mixer stage and structured to subject the water to an electrostatic field.

Abstract: Example nanoparticles may include an iron-based core, and a shell. The shell may include a non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic material. Example alloy compositions may include an iron-based grain, and a grain boundary. The grain boundary may include a non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic material. Example techniques for forming iron-based core-shell nanoparticles may include depositing a shell on an iron-based core. The depositing may include immersing the iron-based core in a salt composition for a predetermined period of time. The depositing may include milling the iron-based core with a salt composition for a predetermined period of time. Example techniques for treating a composition comprising core-shell nanoparticles may include nitriding the composition.

Abstract: An electrocoagulation device is provided. An electrocoagulation device comprises: a housing having an inner space; a containing member arranged in the inner space; at least two electrode plates arranged outside the containing member so as to face each other such that power supplied from the outside is applied thereto; and a plurality of conductive lumps having a predetermined volume, which are contained in the containing member so as to contact each other and to form pores through which raw water can pass, wherein contaminants included in the raw water are coagulated through electrocoagulation as the same pass through the pores.

Abstract: Described is a method and device for detecting an analyte in a sample, comprising bringing a sample comprising a target analyte into contact with magnetisable particles, the particles being coated with binding molecules complementary to the target analyte, resulting in bound and unbound binder complexes, positioning the magnetisable particles, comprising both bound and unbound binder complexes, in proximity to a magnetic field sensor, changing the magnetic field sufficient to release at least a portion of the magnetisable particles, comprising both bound and unbound binder complexes, from their proximity to the magnetic field sensor, and measuring changes in a magnetic signal detected from the net movement, being either translational or rotational movement, of the magnetisable particles relative to the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: The device for reducing the fuel consumption of a heat engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, includes a substantially tubular induction member mounted around a pipe which carries the fuel, in order to create an electromagnetic field therein from an AC current received from an electric power source. The induction member includes a sleeve arranged to hold a winding of wire connected to an electric power source. The sleeve is housed in a tubular shell ensuring that the device complies with electromagnetic compatibility standards.

Abstract: A method for precise control of movement of a motive phase on a lubricant-impregnated surface includes providing a lubricant-impregnated surface, introducing the motive phase onto the lubricant-impregnated surface, and exposing the droplets to an electric and/or magnetic field to induce controlled movement of the droplets on the surface. The lubricant-impregnated surface includes a matrix of solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating lubricant therebetween or therewithin. The motive phase is immiscible or scarcely miscible with the impregnating lubricant.

Abstract: An access-monitoring device of an elevator installation includes at least one video unit, wherein the video unit is connected to a control unit via a communications network. The video unit records at least one image of a defined monitoring space of the access-monitoring device. The video unit filters out a non-changing part of the at least one image and evaluates the remaining image part as to whether there is an object in the monitoring space. In the case of there being an object in the monitoring space, the video unit communicates data to the control unit. The control unit checks, in dependence on the data communicated, the authorization of the object in the monitoring space and determines either the direction of movement or the location of the object within the monitoring space.

Abstract: Provided are an image system and an image reconstruction method using the same. The image system includes an image scan device, a spectrum signal generation device, and an image recovery device. The image scan device generates a magnetic particle detection signal on the basis of an induced magnetic field induced from a magnetic particle. The spectrum signal generation device transforms the magnetic particle detection signal to a detection spectrum signal on the basis of a two-dimensional Fourier transform kernel. The image recovery device generates an image signal on the basis of the detection spectrum signal and a system matrix. According to the inventive concept, a data amount for image reconstruction may be ensured.

Abstract: Metal-carbon nanotube composites having nanotubes which are uniformly dispersed within the metal matrix of the composite, and which are unbundled or substantially unbundled, have high lengths, and which can be controllably aligned are disclosed herein. Such metal-carbon nanotube composites can show improved electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, as compared to a pristine metal or metal alloy which does not contain nanotubes dispersed therein. Facile and scalable methods of fabricating such metal-nanocarbon composites are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for measuring a quantity of a superparamagnetic material includes four coils (1-4) and a unit for injecting, into the coils, a direct current and two alternating currents of different frequencies. The quantity of superparamagnetic material is derived from an amplitude of a component at a mixing frequency, which frequency is a linear combination of the frequencies of the two alternating currents. The device is designed to reduce the influence of stray electromagnetic fields and inadvertent signal offsets on the measurement results. The device may advantageously be used for immunoassays.

Abstract: A fluid magnetizer is provided, including: a housing; a magnetizing member, received in the housing; a resonance member, cooperating with the magnetizing member to resonate, received in the housing, the resonance member, the magnetizing member and the housing defining a channel flowing past the resonance member and the magnetizing member.

Abstract: A system is described herein which provides an ozonated liquid. The system comprises a liquid inlet arranged to continuously accept a liquid into the system at a desired flow rate; a liquid outlet to dispense ozonated liquid out of the system, the ozonated liquid having an oxidation-reduction potential of at least 450 mV due solely to ozone dissolved in the liquid, the liquid outlet being in fluid communication with the liquid inlet and arranged to dispense the ozonated liquid out of the system at the desired flow rate. The system has a tank-less ozonation flow path between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, the flow path adapted to ozonate the accepted liquid, producing the ozonated liquid to be dispensed out of the system. The accepted liquid has a fluid residence time in the ozonation flow path of less than 5 minutes prior to being dispensed as the ozonated liquid.

Abstract: Continuous, three-dimensional control of the vorticity vector is possible by progressively transitioning the field symmetry by applying or removing a dc bias along one of the principal axes of mutually orthogonal alternating fields. By exploiting this transition, the vorticity vector can be oriented in a wide range of directions that comprise all three spatial dimensions. Detuning one or more field components to create phase modulation causes the vorticity vector to trace out complex orbits of a wide variety, creating very robust multiaxial stirring. This multiaxial, non-contact stirring is particularly attractive for applications where the fluid volume has complex boundaries, or is congested.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for separating minerals in drilling fluid based primarily on density. The separator creates and maintains a slurry with a controllable density for separating minerals from drill cuttings. The density is controlled through the use of an electrode array. The separator comprises a primary separation chamber containing the dense slurry, and a multiple number of secondary separation chambers used to separate cuttings from the drilling fluid. The invention also contains inlet hardware allowing the mixed mineral suspension to enter the first separation chamber, and hardware allowing the three outlet (separated) streams to exit the device. One of the three outlet streams carries the minerals that have a density greater than the user selectable density set point, while the second carries the minerals that have a density less than the density set point, and the third carries clean drilling fluid.

Abstract: A magnetic colloidal system confined at the interface between two immiscible liquids and energized by an alternating magnetic field dynamically self-assembles into localized asters and arrays of asters. The colloidal system exhibits locomotion and shape change. By controlling a small external magnetic field applied parallel to the interface, structures can capture, transport, and position target particles.

Abstract: The chip stack of semiconductor chips with enhanced cooling apparatus includes a first chip with circuitry on a first side and a second chip electrically and mechanically coupled to the first chip by a grid of connectors. The chip stack further includes a thermal interface material pad between the first chip and the second chip. The thermal interface material pad comprises a plurality of nanotubes containing a magnetic material, aligned parallel to mating surfaces of the first chip and the second chip, wherein a hydrophobic tail of oleic acid is wrapped around each one of the plurality of nanotubes and a hydrophilic acid head of the oleic acid is attached to the magnetic material.

Abstract: A method for alignment of high aspect ratio materials (HARMs) within a liquid matrix by means of magnetic particles. The application of an external magnetic field creates a forced motion of the magnetic particles. This in turn leads to a laminar flow within the matrix which imposes a drag force on the HARMs, aligning the HARMs across the matrix. The used magnetic particles eventually accumulate at one end side of the matrix container and can be removed either by an incision or an extraction process. Unlike the previously proposed methods, there is no need for the magnetic particles to be attached either physically or chemically to the HARMs. Thus, the ultimate aligned HARMs are mostly pure and free of any magnetic particles. Once the matrix is a polymeric solution, the mentioned method is capable of synthesis of aligned HARMs-polymer composites, which exhibit improved mechanical and electrical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which uses magnetic ionic liquids for the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas extraction, wherein the partition of the phases occurs in a magnetic field.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and apparatus for solid-liquid separation with high efficiency, especially in treating spent filter backwash and sedimentation tank sludge produced in the water treatment process. It combines and applies gravity, electromagnetic force, dynamic filtration, and gravity condensation, magnetic and gravitational compression in one integrated device that produces high quality effluent water (less than 10 ppm suspended solid) and highly condensed sludge (less than 94-96% water content).

Abstract: The shower includes: a shower body having a lower end connected with a hose for receiving tap water and an upper end connected with a head portion; an ionization apparatus having a pair of protective covers forming the outward appearance of the ionization apparatus and being mounted inside the shower body, a flow passage pipe mounted inside the protective covers, a plurality of permanent magnets mounted on opposite sides of the flow passage pipe and respectively having an end portion being in contact with the flow passage pipe along a longitudinal direction of the flow passage pipe, and magnetic induction frames each having a horizontal portion being in contact with the other end portion of each of the permanent magnets and vertical portions; and a flow control part having a seating hole formed on the outer circumference of the upper portion of the shower body.

Abstract: A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. The system and method protect other components of the water system from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. The system and method also recycle ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge to further treat the water. A gas infusion system upstream of or inside a plasma reaction chamber may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation.

Abstract: The current invention provides a novel process for the treatment and reclamation of drilling frac flowback and produced wastewater from the drilling industry. The wastewater is delivered to the EMC/F System from a frac tank or other reservoir. The wastewater is pumped into the system and is treated sequentially by passing through a mechanical hydrocavitation unit, an electromagnetic unit, an electrocoagulation unit and/or a hydrocyclone and a flocculation-sedimentation tank. Polishing of the final effluent is accomplished by passing the water through a mixed media tank.

Abstract: This invention relates to microfluidic systems and more particularly to methods and apparatus for accessing the contents of micro droplets (114) in an emulsion stream. A method of accessing the contents of a droplet (114) of an emulsion in a microfluidic system, the method comprising: flowing the emulsion alongside a continuous, non-emulsive stream of second fluid (118) to provide an interface (120) between said emulsion and said stream of second fluid (118); and in embodiments applying one or both of an electric (112a, 112b) and magnetic field across said interface (120) to alter a trajectory of a said droplet (114) of said emulsion to cause said droplet to coalesce with said stream of second fluid (118); and accessing said contents of said droplet (114) in said second stream (118).

Abstract: Electromagnetic water treatment devices for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water are disclosed. The water treatment devices may include a water-immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic output fields effective to remove scale, prevent the growth of scale and/or eliminate microbes in a water supply system. Systems and methods for treating water using the disclosed devices are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed including a method of neutralizing charges of solid contaminants and weakening cell walls and membranes of biological contaminants in a fluid, comprising the steps of: establishing a flow of a fluid through a fluid treatment chamber surrounded by a sidewall of a fluid treatment vessel shaped as a conduit having a fluid input port, and a fluid output port, the sidewall constructed of a shielding material; and energizing a coil of at least one antenna within the fluid treatment chamber with at least one electrical energizing unit to produce pulsed radiation within the fluid treatment chamber to treat the flow of the fluid therein, wherein the sidewall of the fluid treatment vessel establishes a chamber having a capacity to restrict propagation of the pulsed radiation out of the fluid treatment vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for separating minerals in drilling fluid based primarily on density. The separator creates and maintains a slurry with a controllable density for separating minerals from drill cuttings. The density is controlled through the use of an electrode array. The separator comprises a housing have a fluid inlet for the fluid mixture, at least one rotating disk having an electrode array positioned inside the housing to suspend a first material of the fluid mixture, and a mechanism configured to rotate the disk. A second and third material is separated from the fluid via use of the suspended first material.

Abstract: A fuel magnetization treatment method includes mounting electromagnetic coils on a supply system through which fuel is supplied to a combustion device of an engine (7), connecting two joints of the electromagnetic coils with an electromagnetic generating device, and providing alternating current to the electromagnetic coils through the electromagnetic generating device so that an alternating current magnetic field is generated by the electromagnetic coils and is used to magnetize the fuel in the engine, where the frequency zone of the alternating current is 4 kHz˜25 kHz. The method can improve the combustion efficiency of various fuels, enhance the power output performance of the engine, inhibit the emission of various pollution gases and prolong the life of engine lubricating oil.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of fluid treatment for a plurality of fluids with a first and a second non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit sleeved within at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit providing a plurality of distinct areas of concentrated magnetic energy. The instant invention prevents the formation and accumulation of contaminants within conduits and on equipment utilized in the transportation, delivery and processing of fluid columns. It may also be utilized to accelerate the separation of oil and water and increase the efficiency of oil/water separation equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for separating minerals in drilling fluid based primarily on density. The separator creates and maintains a slurry with a controllable density for separating minerals from drill cuttings. The density is controlled through the use of an electrode array. The separator comprises a primary separation chamber containing the dense slurry, and a multiple number of secondary separation chambers used to separate cuttings from the drilling fluid. The invention also contains inlet hardware allowing the mixed mineral suspension to enter the first separation chamber, and hardware allowing the three outlet (separated) streams to exit the device. One of the three outlet streams carries the minerals that have a density greater than the user selectable density set point, while the second carries the minerals that have a density less than the density set point, and the third carries clean drilling fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging particles in non-conductive liquids, so they agglomerate and can be removed by filtering, is comprised of a housing which contains a non-conductive insert having a multiplicity of channels. The incoming stream is divided into two halves, each of which is flowed through a set of charging channels which contain electrodes, preferably metal brush-like electrodes. One set of electrodes is charged to a high positive voltage; the other set is charged to a high negative voltage. The liquid streams are then merged and flowed trough a set of mixing channels, along the path of which are one or more reversals in flow direction. The mixing channel path length is substantially longer than the charging channel path length.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for isolating a fraction in a biological sample. The fraction is bound to solid phase substrate to define a fraction-bound solid phase substrate. The device includes an input zone for receiving the biological sample therein and a second zone for receiving an isolation fluid therein. A force is provided that is generally perpendicular to gravity. The force is movable between a first position adjacent the input zone and a second position adjacent the isolation zone. The force captures the fraction-bound solid phase substrate and the fraction-bound solid phase substrate moves from the input zone to the isolation zone in response to the force moving from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for separating minerals in drilling fluid based primarily on density. The separator creates and maintains a slurry with a controllable density for separating minerals from drill cuttings. The density is controlled through the use of an electrode array. The separator comprises a primary separation chamber containing the dense slurry, and a multiple number of secondary separation chambers used to separate cuttings from the drilling fluid. The invention also contains inlet hardware allowing the mixed mineral suspension to enter the first separation chamber, and hardware allowing the three outlet (separated) streams to exit the device. One of the three outlet streams carries the minerals that have a density greater than the user selectable density set point, while the second carries the minerals that have a density less than the density set point, and the third carries clean drilling fluid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide at least one region of pulsed fluid treatment within a fluid treatment chamber. The instant invention prevents the formation and accumulation of contaminants within conduits and on equipment utilized in the transportation, delivery and processing of fluid columns. It may also be utilized to accelerate the separation of oil and water and increase the efficiency of oil/water separation equipment.

Abstract: Iron impurities may be removed from volumes of molten aluminum or magnesium metals or alloys by applying a static magnetic field gradient to each of the molten metal volumes, or melts. The magnetic field gradient is applied to each of the melts so that separate-phase iron impurities suspended therein will move in the direction of the applied magnetic field and become concentrated in a predetermined region of the of the melts, thereby forming an iron-rich region. The remaining iron-depleted region of each of the melts can be physically separated from the as-formed iron-rich region and cast into shaped articles of manufacture or into semi-finished articles for further processing. Such articles will have a lower iron-content than the original molten metal volumes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bead incubating and washing on a droplet actuator. Methods for incubating magnetically responsive beads that are labeled with primary antibody, a sample (i.e., analyte), and secondary reporter antibodies on a magnet, on and off a magnet, and completely off a magnet are provided. Also provided are methods for washing magnetically responsive beads using shape-assisted merging of droplets. Also provided are methods for shape-mediated splitting, transporting, and dispensing of a sample droplet that contains magnetically responsive beads. The apparatuses and methods of the invention provide for rapid time to result and optimum detection of an analyte in an immunoassay.

Abstract: A water treatment system, comprising a plurality of pipes, each of the plurality of pipes formed of a rare earth metal alloy and configured for water passage therethrough in a water flow direction wherein excitation of electrons in the rare earth metal alloy of at least one pipe in the plurality of pipes forms an electric field along the at least one pipe, the electric field having a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction in the at least one pipe, and a plurality of permanent magnets configured to create a magnetic field along the at least one pipe, the magnetic field having a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction of the at least one pipe, wherein the electric field and the magnetic field are configured to break at least some hydrogen bonds between water molecules of water passing through the at least one pipe.

Abstract: A nanotube separation method includes depositing a tag on a nanotube in a nanotube mixture. The nanotube has a defect and the tag deposits at the defect where a deposition rate is greater than on another nanotube in the mixture lacking the defect. The method includes removing the tagged nanotube from the mixture by using the tag. As one option, the tag may contain a ferromagnetic material and the removing may include applying a magnetic field. As another option, the tag may contain an ionic material and the removing may include applying an electric field. As a further option, the tag may contain an atom having an atomic mass greater than the atomic mass of carbon and the removing may include applying a centrifugal force to the nanotube mixture. Any two or more of the indicated removal techniques may be combined.

Abstract: A system providing selective spin modification and reaction in an electrolytic cell. An electrolytic cell is coupled to a magnet that provides a level-splitting magnetic field in a region of electrolyte adjacent to a working electrode, thus establishing a spin resonance for an unpaired electron associated with a chemical species in the region of electrolyte adjacent to the working electrode. The working electrode carries an excitation current produced by a switching source or amplifier. The excitation current produces an alternating magnetic field adjacent to the working electrode that alters the spin state population density for the unpaired electron associated with a chemical species within the electrolyte, thereby enhancing or inhibiting the reaction of the chemical species during subsequent electrolysis.

Abstract: An apparatus and related methods for optimizing component separation within a fluid using a direct current electric field. The unique sequence and arrangement of concentrically interleaved electrodes increases reactive surface area, decreases time fluid remains within the reactor, and decreases the size of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field treatment method for water includes applying, to water, an alternating magnetic field generated by applying an alternating current to a coil, and applying, to the water, an alternating electric field generated by applying an alternating voltage in synchronization with the alternating magnetic field to an electrode, wherein the alternating current has a rectangular alternating current wave, and the alternating voltage at rise time of an alternating wave of the alternating magnetic field has a high level, whereas the alternating voltage at fall time of the alternating wave of the alternating magnetic field has a low level, or the alternating voltage at the rise time of the alternating magnetic field has a low level, whereas the alternating voltage at the fall time of the alternating magnetic field has a high level.

Abstract: A sucker-rod pumping system includes diametrically charged rare earth magnets having significant monopolar character mounted on the rod string and, optionally, within a magnet barrel below the pump barrel. The magnets are jacketed to preclude contact with crude petroleum. The magnets subject the petroleum to a significant magnetic flux to substantially preclude precipitation of paraffins and asphaltenes with a minimum of retrofit to existing equipment and without substantially altering the operation of the rod string.

Abstract: A water treatment system, comprising a plurality of pipes, each of the plurality of pipes formed of a rare earth metal alloy and configured for water passage therethrough in a water flow direction wherein excitation of electrons in the rare earth metal alloy of at least one pipe in the plurality of pipes forms an electric field along the at least one pipe, the electric field having a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction in the at least one pipe, and a plurality of permanent magnets configured to create a magnetic field along the at least one pipe, the magnetic field having a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction of the at least one pipe, wherein the electric field and the magnetic field are configured to break at least some hydrogen bonds between water molecules of water passing through the at least one pipe.

Abstract: What is presented is an innovative design of a chemical reactor for catalytic breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, the body of which acts as a specialized electromagnet capable of immobilizing and retaining very large quantities of non-magnetized ferro-dia- or para-magnetic material-containing nano, micro-, or milli-particles within it's reactor volume despite high-velocity flow of any liquid through said reactor. This is accomplished without any pre-treatment to the nanoparticles, without the use of adhesive of any sort, electroplating, electrolytic action, nano-structured nanocages, membrane or other impregnation, or any other mechanical or chemical means.

Abstract: A nanotube separation method includes depositing a tag on a nanotube in a nanotube mixture. The nanotube has a defect and the tag deposits at the defect where a deposition rate is greater than on another nanotube in the mixture lacking the defect. The method includes removing the tagged nanotube from the mixture by using the tag. As one option, the tag may contain a ferromagnetic material and the removing may include applying a magnetic field. As another option, the tag may contain an ionic material and the removing may include applying an electric field. As a further option, the tag may contain an atom having an atomic mass greater than the atomic mass of carbon and the removing may include applying a centrifugal force to the nanotube mixture. Any two or more of the indicated removal techniques may be combined.

Abstract: The shower includes: a shower body having a lower end connected with a hose for receiving tap water and an upper end connected with a head portion; an ionization apparatus having a pair of protective covers forming the outward appearance of the ionization apparatus and being mounted inside the shower body, a flow passage pipe mounted inside the protective covers, a plurality of permanent magnets mounted on opposite sides of the flow passage pipe and respectively having an end portion being in contact with the flow passage pipe along a longitudinal direction of the flow passage pipe, and magnetic induction frames each having a horizontal portion being in contact with the other end portion of each of the permanent magnets and vertical portions; and a flow control part having a seating hole formed on the outer circumference of the upper portion of the shower body.

Abstract: A vessel in which an electroconductive liquid including impurities is stored has an electromagnetic force generation device which produces an electromagnetic force that circulates the electroconductive liquid in the electroconductive liquid, and a discharge device which discharges a non-metallic impurity and a deemed non-metallic impurity and collected in a low-pressure portion based on a pressure difference in the electroconductive liquid produced by the electromagnetic force. The non-metallic impurity and the deemed non-metallic impurity are collected in the low-pressure portion, e.g., a liquid level to be separated by the electromagnetic force.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ubiquitin-isopeptide probe (hereinafter also referred to as UIPP), a method for its preparation, and its use. The invention also provides a method for isolating a deubiquitinating enzyme and a method for activity-based protein profiling (ABPP).

Abstract: An apparatus for the magnetic treatment of a fluid which produces at least one magnetic field for a period of time, Tc at or above a critical magnetic field strength, Hc, the period Tc and the field strength Hc determined relative to one another and dependant upon the properties of the fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a fluid by passing fluid through a treatment structure, the fluid containing undesirable living things, the treatment structure containing electrically conductive nanomaterial with silver, flowing an electric current in the fluid in the treatment structure via the electrically conductive nanomaterial with silver or silver material to kill undesirable living things in the treatment structure, and killing undesirable things in the treatment structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to microfluidic systems and more particularly to methods and apparatus for accessing the contents of micro droplets (114) in an emulsion stream. A method of accessing the contents of a droplet (114) of an emulsion in a microfluidic system, the method comprising: flowing the emulsion alongside a continuous, non-emulsive stream of second fluid (118) to provide an interface (120) between said emulsion and said stream of second fluid (118); and in embodiments applying one or both of an electric (112a, 112b) and magnetic field across said interface (120) to alter a trajectory of a said droplet (114) of said emulsion to cause said droplet to coalesce with said stream of second fluid (118); and accessing said contents of said droplet (114) in said second stream (118).