Abstract: The invention provides a method of and apparatus for the removal of bacteria, microbes and other cell growth from a body of water by the application of an electromagnetic signal to a section of pipe communicable with the body of water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of fluid columns uses an air-cooled electromagnetic field generator to prevent the deposition and accumulation of contaminants within conduits and on equipment utilized in the transportation, delivery and processing of the fluid columns. The instant invention may be utilized to accelerate the separation of oil and water and increase the efficiency of such separation apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide fluid treatment at a plurality of distinct points using a length of energized magnetically conductive conduit in fluid communication with non-magnetic coupling devices. The instant invention prevents the formation and accumulation of contaminants within conduits and on equipment utilized in the transportation, delivery and processing of fluid columns. It may also be utilized to accelerate the separation of oil and water and increase the efficiency of oil/water separation equipment.

Abstract: An aqueous composition including silica particles with a particle size distribution and particle structure that improve the water retention and exchange characteristics of the aqueous composition is provided. The aqueous silica composition includes silica network particles and water. The silica network particles comprise main particles and bridging particles that form chains between adjacent main particles. The main particles have a particle size greater than the particle size of the bridging particles. Because of the presence of the silica network particles, the aqueous composition is capable of wetting a hydrophobic substrate more than pure liquid water. The silica network particles are generated in water by a method in which an aqueous sodium silicate solution is subjected to vigorous agitation in air, followed by periods of circulation through magnetic fields of alternating direction and further periodic agitation exposed to the air. An apparatus for carrying out the method is provided.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting changes in a variety of conditions is provided, including temperature, chemical conditions including pH and ion levels, biological antigens, radiation levels, electrical field and pressure applied to the sensor. The sensor body is formed from a material which incorporates an evenly dispersed matrix of light-scattering elements. A light source emits light into the body to form an effective optical cavity in which the light is scattered by the matrix. One or more receivers detects the intensity of scattered or integrated light inside and/or outside of the optical cavity. The matrix and/or the sensor body are composed of materials which reduce or increase the density of light-scattering elements, depending on the conditions applied to the matrix. An increase in the density of the light-scattering elements results in a corresponding increase in the integrated intensity of light received by the receiver, when the receiver is positioned within the optical cavity.

Abstract: Method for detecting changes of magnetic response with at least one magnetic particle (20) provided with an external layer (22) in a carrier fluid. The method comprises utilization of a method of measurement comprising measuring of the characteristic rotation period of said magnetic particle regarding the effect of said external layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the enhancement of chemical reactions by applying a high frequency electric field to a material. The frequency and amplitude of the electric field are selected in accordance with the properties of the reacting components in the bulk of chemical reactor. In general, the high frequency range is determined by the dielectric properties of reactant(s), that is, at any given temperature, when, for example, the specific conductivity starts to grow from its low frequency value. Typically, frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 200 MHz or greater are suitable for the enhancement of the reactions. An electric field of any shape having Fourier components that when applied to a chemical process exhibits growth in the real part of conductivity relative to the low frequency value is of particular importance.

Abstract: Apparatus and method in which an electric field and a magnetic field intersect in a flow path of an electrolytic fluid, producing a flow of ions and charged particles perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the electric field. Electrolytic fluid so treated is collected for use or further processing.

Abstract: A liquid decontamination system has a liquid treatment chamber having a liquid input and output and a gas input and output. A plurality of electrodes are positioned to place a voltage across the liquid treatment chamber and the liquid therein. A plurality of magnets are also positioned adjacent the electrodes for placing a magnetic field across the chamber and liquid therein. As the contaminated liquid is fed through the liquid treatment chamber, a predetermined gas, such as nitrogen, ozone, oxygen, or hydrogen peroxide, are fed into the contaminated liquid while simultaneously having the electric and magnetic fields applied to the liquid. The liquid leaving the treatment chamber is fed to a flush tank which removes contaminates and agglomerated solids therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating a liquid by controlling molecular clusters in liquid in which a very narrow electric or magnetic energy field produced by at least two electrodes or magnetic poles spaced apart by less than 1 mm is applied to a liquid with the length of the spaced apart electrodes or magnetic poles set transversely to the flow direction of the liquid passing through the pipe. The overall thickness of the electrodes or magnetic poles is less than 10 millimeters.

Abstract: A method and system for diamagnetic manipulation of an object in a surrounding medium in a low gravity environment is provided. The system can be used in various applications such as containerless materials processing, protein crystal growth, and particulate filtering. If the application requires directional manipulation of the object, at least one magnet or electromagnet is required. The object is repulsed by the magnet if the object is more strongly diamagnetic than the surrounding medium. If the object is less diamagnetic than the surrounding medium, however, then the object is effectively attracted to the magnet. For an application that requires suspension of the object, two oppositely polarized magnets are used to generate an appropriate magnetic field gradient to suspend the object in a location where opposing field vectors generated by the two magnets cancel each other out, producing a net field strength of zero.

Abstract: A magnetic processing treatment facility is disclosed for subjecting a fluid flow to magnetic energy. The facility is integrated into agricultural spray apparatus and is effective in increasing the water solubility of chemical agents such as herbicides, pesticides, fertilizer, nutrient liquids and other liquids for agricultural use that are dispersed as a spray solution over an application area. The magnetically treated chemical solution also exhibits enhanced activity in terms of crop growth and pesticide and weed control. The treatment facility utilizes a magnetic core device having a resident permanent magnet for generating a magnetic field that is applied to a fluid volume passing through the device.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed which activate aqueous liquids, particularly water, and liquid polymers, resulting in enhanced properties in chemical and biological processes in which the activated liquids are used. The device includes a liquid reservoir; an activation body formed of a polymeric matrix containing a number of finely divided materials, with the body disposed in a strong (2,500-25,000 Oersted) magnetic field and responsive to visible electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of 7.2-7.8 Hz and a wavelength of 400-800 nm, and with one end disposed proximate to the surface of the liquid; and an electrical circuit adjacent the other end of the body, activating diodes to emit flashes of light having that wavelength and frequency, so that the materials and the polymeric body are energized and emit low frequency oscillations, which activate the liquid contained in the reservoir. Polymers include polyurethanes and epoxies.

Abstract: An electrostatic fluid filtration system of the present invention is designed to remove contaminants from liquids thereby refreshing their functionality and extending their useful life. This system reduces to commercial practice a myriad of partially attained and less efficient techniques of filtration by focusing upon economic, environmental, and health factors as well as simplicity of manufacture, use and maintenance. Several generic embodiments are identified for cooking oils, fuels, lubricants and solvents, all of which have been successfully demonstrated in commercial operating environments. Proven magnetic and electrostatic phenomenologies are integrated in a controlled system that is electronically and physically adaptable to the viscosity and dielectric properties of various fluids as well as contaminant characteristics.

Abstract: A system and method for generating ozone for use in open or closed loop process applications using a fluid, such as water, as a primary process medium, including: a water storage tank, supplied by a water supply line, for temporarily storing water for treatment and subsequent use in a process; an electromagnetic flux unit connected to the water supply line for exposing water supplied to the tank to an electromagnetic field thereby magnetically polarizing contaminants and dissolved solids present in the water; an apparatus for producing highly pure oxygen from ambient air for use as a feed gas in generating ozone; a corona discharge ozone generator for producing high purity ozone from a highly pure oxygen feed gas; an impeller apparatus, including a rapidly rotating shear impeller, for injecting ozone, created by the ozone generator, into water wherein the ozone is absorbed thus yielding a substantially high level of dissolved ozone gas in a given volume of water; an apparatus for measuring the concentration o

Abstract: Magnetic porous inorganic siliceous materials having a particle size of about 1 to about 200 microns useful as solid supports in various chromatography, immunoassays, synthesis and other separation and purification procedures is disclosed.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system is illustrated which can be configured to be portable and which minimizes the addition of solids to be disposed of through the use of ozone for contaminant reduction to basic elements after the pH value of the waste water to be treated is properly adjusted. This ozone in one stage is combined with ultrasound to cause coagulation and precipitation. In another stage, ozone and ultraviolet light are used in a reduction process. Ion alignment using a magnetic field and an electrochemical flocculation process to which the waste water is subjected causes further coagulation and precipitation. As designed, the system can operate continuously with redundancy at appropriate points so that removal of solids from the filtration units can occur simultaneous with the overall decontamination process.

Abstract: An improved system and novel components and methods for treating waste waters contaminated with a variety of commercial, municipal, and/or industrial contaminants. A mixing vessel according to the invention comprises upper and lower mixing chambers connected by an intermediate tubular section and a fluid exit tube running coaxially down the center of the intermediate tubular portion. The fluid stream to be treated flows in a spiral pattern vertically through the vessel, providing turbulent flow. The flow stream may be subjected to electric or magnetic fields. In one embodiment, streams of the fluid to be treated and of an ionized coagulant are combined prior to entry into the vessel; in another embodiment, the incoming flow stream is combined with the coagulants in the mixing vessel. The incoming flow may be split between annular passageways to improve mixing. Magnetite particles may be generated in situ and added to the flow stream to further encourage coagulation in the presence of a magnetic field.