Abstract: Techniques for electrodepositing selenium (Se)-containing films are provided. In one aspect, a method of preparing a Se electroplating solution is provided. The method includes the following steps. The solution is formed from a mixture of selenium oxide; an acid selected from the group consisting of alkane sulfonic acid, alkene sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, heterocyclic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid and perchloric acid; and a solvent. A pH of the solution is then adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0. The pH of the solution can be adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0 by adding a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to the solution. A Se electroplating solution, an electroplating method and a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a multi-layer anodic coating on a metal is described. The method comprises the steps of (i) placing the metal in a first electrolytic solution and applying a current to form a first anodic layer having a barrier region; (ii) reducing the applied current to cause a reduction in thickness of the barrier region; and (iii) placing the metal in a second electrolytic solution and applying a current to form a second anodic layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a moisture resistant composition comprising: a) from 20 to 80 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of a polyetherimide copolymer made from a monomer mixture comprising 3, 3? bisphenol-A dianhydride (BPADA), and 4, 4?-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS); b) from 5 to 75 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of polyetheretherketone (PEEK); and c) from 0 to 30 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition of a filler. The invention relates to a reflector substrate comprising a moisture resistant layer metalized with a reflective layer, wherein the moisture resistant layer comprising the moisture resistant composition. The invention relates to a method for producing a metalized coating without a primer comprising applying a reflective layer directly to a moisture resistant layer in the absence of a primer, wherein the moisture resistant layer comprises the moisture resistant composition.

Abstract: A weatherproof high-reflection plate includes a main reflection layer, a preconditioning layer, a reflecting enhancement layer and a transparent protective layer. The main reflection layer consists of aluminum, aluminum alloy or a combination thereof; the preconditioning layer is an oxide layer formed on the main reflection layer; the reflecting enhancement layer covers the preconditioning layer; the transparent protective layer is fluorocarbon paint coated on the reflecting enhancement layer. As such, the weatherproof high-reflection plate features waterproof and anti-corrosion surface and superior reflectivity in wavelength coverage of visible light.

Abstract: An electrically conductive protective coating or film is provided over the surface of a reflective coating of a solar mirror by flowing or directing a cation containing liquid and an anion containing liquid onto the conductive surface. The cation and the anion containing liquids are spaced from, and preferably out of contact with one another on the surface of the reflective coating as an electric current is moved through the anion containing liquid, the conductive surface between the liquids and the cation containing liquid to coat the conductive surface with the electrically conductive coating.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a casing of electronic device including the following steps is provided. A casing body is provided, and the material of the casing body being metal. An oxide ceramic layer is formed on a surface of the casing body, wherein the step of forming the oxide ceramic layer on the surface of the casing body is a Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) process. A casing of electronic device including a casing body and an oxide ceramic layer is also disclosed. The material of the casing body is metal. The oxide ceramic layer is located on a surface of the casing body.

Abstract: A mirror or mirror assembly fabricated by molding, pressing, assembling, or depositing one or more bulk metal glass (BMG), bulk metal glass composite (BMGMC), or amorphous metal (AM) parts and where the optical surface and backing of the mirror can be fabricated without machining or polishing by utilizing the unique molding capabilities of this class of materials.

Abstract: An electrically conductive protective coating or film is provided over the surface of a reflective coating of a solar mirror by flowing or directing a cation containing liquid and an anion containing liquid onto the conductive surface. The cation and the anion containing liquids are spaced from, and preferably out of contact with one another on the surface of the reflective coating as an electric current is moved through the anion containing liquid, the conductive surface between the liquids and the cation containing liquid to coat the conductive surface with the electrically conductive coating.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to retroreflective sheeting and the tools and methods used to make retroreflective sheeting. Microreplication tools and sheeting include controlled surface structure or haze. The surface structure or haze can be introduced, for example, by chemical etching of the tool surface and/or electroplating.

Abstract: A shell of mobile communication terminal is provided. The shell includes a shell body made by a transparent or semitransparent material and having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface has patterns formed thereon. A semitransparent-semireflecting layer is formed on the outer surface of the shell body. The patterns can be observed from outside of the shell body when there is light transmitting from the inner surface to the outer surface, and the semitransparent-semireflecting layer presents a mirror effect when there is no light transmitting from the inner surface to the outer surface.

Abstract: A flexible substrate having electrical and optical functions. The substrate includes a planar non-conductive film. The substrate also includes a seed layer on a first region of the film for fabrication of conductive traces to couple to an electro-optical component disposed adjacent the first region. The substrate further includes a smooth optically reflective layer disposed on a second region of the film.

Abstract: A metal and oxygen material such as a transparent electrically conductive oxide material is electro deposited onto a substrate in a solution deposition process. Process parameters are controlled so as to result in the deposition of a high quality layer of material which is suitable for use in a back reflector structure of a high efficiency photovoltaic device. The deposition may be carried out in conjunction with a masking member which operates to restrict the deposition of the metal and oxygen material to specific portions of the substrate. In particular instances the deposition may be implemented in a continuous, roll-to-roll process. Further disclosed are semiconductor devices and components of semiconductor devices made by the present process, as well as apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A reflection plate for an optical encoder includes: a base material (1) with a reflecting surface; and a film (3) that is formed on a part of the reflecting surface and includes a non-electrolytic plating film or an electrolytic oxide film.

Abstract: Provided is a light reflecting plate capable of reducing glare of reflected light while maintaining high light reflectance by regular reflection. The light reflecting plate includes a base, a light reflecting layer that is formed on the base and made of silver or silver alloy, or aluminum or aluminum alloy, in which arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.10 to 0.30 ?m and arithmetic average waviness (Wa) is 0.30 to 2.50 ?m on a surface of the light reflecting layer.

Abstract: A method that provides for a phase conjugate mirror 10 having a gallium-arsenide substrate 11 with a generally cubic crystalline lattice and a number of gallium-arsenide crystal projections 14 extending from said substrate 11, the projections each having three generally planar surfaces 15, 16, 17, where the surfaces each being generally obliquely oriented with respect to a plane of said substrate 11, the plane substantially corresponding to a (111) crystal face, the projections 14 being oriented along the plane 13 to provide a predetermined corner-cube array pattern 10, the device including a number of implant sites 25 spaced apart from one another along the substrate 11 to define a pattern 40, and forming a number of corner-cubes articles having a shape substantially corresponding to the corner-cube array 10 pattern 40, wherein the articles each have a number of cube-corner projections 14 spaced apart from each other by a minimum distance of 1 micron.

Abstract: A deformable mirror formed out of two layers of a nanolaminate foil attached to a stiff substrate is introduced. Deformation is provided by an electrostatic force between two of the layers. The internal stiffness of the structure allows for high-spatial-frequency shapes. The nanolaminate foil of the present invention allows for a high-quality mirror surface. The device achieves high precision in the vertical direction by using foils with accurately controlled thicknesses, but does not require high precision in the lateral dimensions, allowing such mirrors to be fabricated using crude lithography techniques. Such techniques allow structures up to about the meter scale to be fabricated.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a mirror under a layer of hydrophilic colloid (8) onto a transparent conducting layer (4) by coating the layer of hydrophilic colloid (8) onto the conductive substrate (4), placing the coated substrate in a plating solution (100), and passing current through the solution (100).

Abstract: A composite alloy has a three-dimensional periodic hierarchical structure having hard and soft metallic phases periodically arranged with a period having a length ranging from a nanometer scale to a millimeter scale. It is preferable that the three-dimensional periodic hierarchical structure has an alloy composition sloped microscopically within the period. The three-dimensional periodic hierarchical structure may be formed by periodically arranging rod-like hard and soft metallic phases having a width and a thickness ranging from a nanometer scale to a millimeter scale so that their side surfaces are adjacent to one another.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention are directed to various microdevices including sensors, actuators, valves, scanning mirrors, accelerometers, switches, and the like. In some embodiments the devices are formed via electrochemical fabrication (EFAB™).

Abstract: A protective film for polarizing plate having a substrate film of a resin material and, laminated on at least one surface thereof directly or via another layer, an antireflection layer, characterized in that the substrate film has a photoelastic coefficient of less than 9×10?12 Pa?1 and a saturated water-absorbing percentage of less than 0.05%, and the resin material constituting the substrate film exhibits a warpage percentage of 1% or less when the film having an average thickness of 50 ?m and a dimension of 100 mm×100 mm is allowed to stand at 60° C. and a humidity of 95% for 500 hours is below 1%; a method for preparing the protective film for polarizing plate; a polarizing plate with antireflection function comprising the protective film and a polarizing plate laminated thereon; and an optical article having the polarizing plate with antireflection function.

Abstract: Optical mirror elements for high bandwidth free space optical communication are produced by an electroforming replication technique. Onto the precision surface of a mandrel that is a negative of the required optical surface a layer of metal is deposited forming an exact copy of the mandrel surface and is then separated to form the required optical element. During the production process the mandrel may be coated with a variety of materials that are then separated together with the electroformed optical element during the release step to form a monolithic structure that includes a reflective coating. The mandrel remains unchanged by the process and can then be re-used. The high cost of conventional polishing techniques is therefore limited to the production of the mandrel. The replication process results in the production of low cost optical elements suitable for high bandwidth free space optical data transmission.

Abstract: A method of making a high reflectivity micro mirror. A first step involves providing a monolithic bulk crystal silicon having an anisotropic body with a crystalline plane. A second step involves applying chemical agents to selectively remove a portion of the body overlying the crystalline plane to expose a portion of the crystalline plane. Crystalline planes that are present in monolithic bulk crystal silicon have an inherent smoothness which is on an atomic level. The underlying teaching of the present invention is that, instead of attempting to polish or otherwise smooth the surface of the silicon, one should merely expose all or a selected portion of the crystalline plane and use the exposed portion of the crystalline plane as a mirror surface.

Abstract: Reflector for technical lighting purposes, having a reflecting surface of aluminum and a protective, transparent, pore-free barrier layer of aluminum oxide produced by anodizing having a dielectric constant .epsilon. of 6 to 10.5 at 20.degree. C., where the barrier layer is of thickness d that either satisfies the conditiona) for constructive interference:d.multidot.n=k.multidot..gamma./2.+-.20 nmorb) for achieving a color-toned reflector surface:?k.multidot..gamma./2+20 nm!<d.multidot.n<?(k+1).multidot..gamma./2-20 nm!orc) for using as starting material to produce reflectors with low index/high index multi-layer coatings that increase reflectivity.d.multidot.n=l.multidot..gamma./4.+-.20 nmwhere n is the refractive index of the barrier layer, .lambda. is the average wave length of the light striking the surface of the reflector, k is a natural number and l is a natural number that is uneven. The thickness of the barrier layer lies between 60 and 490 nm and does not vary by more than .+-.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for forming a specular protective film in which the intensity of reflected light is made even with a variation in the angle of incidence of the incident light. In the anodic oxidation treatment, the current value applied to a plurality of specular parts is sampled at a predetermined interval (S301), and each sampled value is integrated over time (S302) and the average value is obtained. A comparison is made between an obtained average value and a preset value, and if the average value is greater, the application of current to all the specular parts is stopped (S303). The preset value is the amount of electricity conducted to form an anodic oxide film having a film thickness corresponding to a desired reflectance which is determined from the relation between the preset film thickness of anodic oxide film and the reflectance.

Abstract: A shaped strip of highly reflective aluminum protected by an anodic oxide coating and a light-permeable fluoropolymer coating which is non-adhesively interstitially mechanically bonded to the microscopic irregularities of the anodic oxide surface. There is no adhesive used to obtain chain entanglement. The highly reflective strip may be substituted for polished stainless steel and/or bi-metal and used under comparably aggressive conditions for a prolonged period without deleteriously affecting the initial D/I (distinctness of reflected image) of the shaped strip. The strip of arbitrary length is shaped in rolling dies so that at least a portion of the strip has a radius of less than 10 mm without damaging or separating the fluoropolymer coating. The specific steps of the claimed process require starting with a clean strip which is brightened to a nearmirror-like finish, then treated to carry a thin porous aluminum oxide coating in a phosphoric acid bath under direct current (DC).

Abstract: A surface layer of a material containing carbon and/or a carbide is produced on the outer surface of a solid carbon-based substrate (1) by selective application of material, said surface layer adhering strongly to the substrate, having a high specific surface area and having open pores (5) of a depth of at least 1 nm, and a metal material having a strong affinity for carbon, comprising at least one metal chosen from cerium, cobalt, chromium, iron, hafnium, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, lanthanum, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, tantalum, thorium, titanium, uranium and tungsten, is deposited on said surface layer, substantially filling said pores.The metal deposit (8) may be rectified and polished without peeling off, in order to produce a mirror of low inertia.