Abstract: This specification generally relates to a biphasic injectable electrode which comprises a plurality of solid particles and a transporter phase, wherein both the solid particles and the transporter phase comprise poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate. The biphasic injectable electrode, in use in a surgical resection cavity in the brain includes inserting the biphasic injectable electrode into a surgical resection cavity in the brain with a tumor resection margin. A probe is inserted into the electrode and four counter electrodes are implanted in the surrounding brain tissue. A charge delivery device delivers charge to the probe via a wire both of which have also been implanted.

Abstract: A method of recording intracellular action potentials in electrogenic cells through pores in membranes of cells formed by optoporation includes positioning a sample that includes the cells on a multi-electrode array; incubating or perfusing the sample; focusing a laser on the surface of the array electrodes, the surface contacting the sample; applying one or more laser pulses to one or more array electrodes to perform a localized breakdown of the membrane of the cells of the sample; and recording the intracellular action potentials. The surface of the electrodes is porous and has cavities and protrusions at the nanoscale level, and the electric field produced by the laser is localized and amplified to perform the localized breakdown of the membrane of the cells of the sample.

Abstract: A high-performance triple-crosslinked polymer and a preparation method thereof are provided. The polymer is obtained by curing and cross-linking a monomer having two epoxy groups, a cross-linking monomer and a functional monomer. The polymer contains a cross-linking network formed by covalent bonds and two types of multi-level hydrogen bonds with different strengths. The interaction strength between the covalent bonds and the two types of hydrogen bonds decreases in a gradient. The dilemma of the strength-ductility tradeoff in a high-performance polymer is overcome by forming a triple-crosslinked network with covalent bonds and multi-level hydrogen bonds with different strengths in the polymer. The dynamic and hierarchical hydrogen bonds are broken and recombined timely and continuously to concurrently maintain the complete structure of the polymer network and enable the polymer network to quickly respond to the transmission and dissipation of the external environment.

Abstract: A heterostructured catalyst includes a 2-dimensional (2D) array of titanium including nanocavities that are all directly attached to a substrate. Each of the titanium including nanocavities have a pore with a nanopore size and a wall with a nanowall thickness. The titanium including nanocavities can be titania nanocavities with a metal layer or a metal compound layer on the titania nanocavities including inside the pores, or the titanium including nanocavities can include SrTiO3 or consist of SrTiO3, each with a surface layer of reduced SrTiO3.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a nanoporous composition including a number of clusters of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid, a nanoporous layer formed of the nanoporous composition, a glucose-oxidation electrode including the nanoporous layer, and a glucose-sensing device and system including the glucose-oxidation electrode. This disclosure also relates to a method of making the nanoporous composition, the nanoporous layer, the glucose-oxidation electrode and the glucose-sensing device and system. Further, this disclosure also relates to devices, systems and methods for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood glucose monitoring (BGM).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a nanoporous composition including a number of clusters of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid, a nanoporous layer formed of the nanoporous composition, a glucose-oxidation electrode including the nanoporous layer, and a glucose-sensing device and system including the glucose-oxidation electrode. This disclosure also relates to a method of making the nanoporous composition, the nanoporous layer, the glucose-oxidation electrode and the glucose-sensing device and system. Further, this disclosure also relates to devices, systems and methods for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood glucose monitoring (BGM).

Abstract: A modified graphite electrode comprising a coating of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. The modified graphite electrode may be employed in detecting of uric acid. A sensing device comprising the modified graphite electrode and a method of making the modified graphite electrode are described herein.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a nanoporous composition including a number of clusters of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid, a nanoporous layer formed of the nanoporous composition, a glucose-oxidation electrode including the nanoporous layer, and a glucose-sensing device and system including the glucose-oxidation electrode. This disclosure also relates to a method of making the nanoporous composition, the nanoporous layer, the glucose-oxidation electrode and the glucose-sensing device and system. Further, this disclosure also relates to devices, systems and methods for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood glucose monitoring (BGM).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multiplex microarray having serially attached non-functionalized biomolecules attached to a polymer coating covering each electrode of an array of electrodes for assays and a method of making the multiplex microarray. The method comprises serially blocking the electrodes of the microarray with a blocking protein, electropolymerizing pyrrole or a functionalized pyrrole on the electrodes where the biomolecule is not present during polymerization, exposing the microarray to a biomolecular solution containing a non-functionalized biomolecule for attachment to the polymer coating, and then repeating the steps to form the multiplex microarray.

Abstract: A surface treatment for metal surfaces can be used to create one or more desired effects, such as functional, tactile, or cosmetic effects. In one embodiment, the treatment involves selectively masking a portion of the surface using a photolithographic process. The mask can protect the masked portion of the surface during subsequent treatment processes such as texturizing and anodization. The mask can result in the creation of a surface having contrasting effects. A pattern can be formed by the contrasting effects in the shape of a distinct graphic, such as a logo or text.

Abstract: Nanopatterned surfaces are prepared by a method that includes forming a block copolymer film on a substrate, annealing and surface reconstructing the block copolymer film to create an array of cylindrical voids, depositing a metal on the surface-reconstructed block copolymer film, and heating the metal-coated block copolymer film to redistribute at least some of the metal into the cylindrical voids. When very thin metal layers and low heating temperatures are used, metal nanodots can be formed. When thicker metal layers and higher heating temperatures are used, the resulting metal structure includes nanoring-shaped voids. The nanopatterned surfaces can be transferred to the underlying substrates via etching, or used to prepare nanodot- or nanoring-decorated substrate surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-phase self-stratifying coating systems, and in particular, to multi-phase self-stratifying coating systems having a substantially homogeneous composition of polymeric binder components that upon application and cure generates a multi-phase stratified coating wherein each phase is rich in a different polymeric binder component and wherein individual phases are separated by a diffuse interface, such that the stratified coating exhibits a gradient behavior wherein a given interface exhibits the attributes of the polymeric binder component that is rich at that interface, and wherein at least one phase is rich in a polymeric binder having a telechelic resin with reactive internal groups, reactive end groups, and an alkoxide oligomer, and at least one other phase is rich in a polymeric binder having a fluorinated polymer derived from fluorinated vinyl-based monomers.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a titanium or titanium alloy material for a separator of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having high contact conductivity with carbon and high durability. [Solution] The titanium or titanium alloy material includes an oxide film formed on a titanium or titanium alloy substrate by stabilization treatment performed after passivation treatment, and one or more kinds of conductive materials selected from carbide, nitride, carbonitride, and boride of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, and chromium, the conductive materials being dispersed in the oxide film and having a major axis diameter from 1 nm to 100 nm. A contact resistance value with a carbon paper is 20 m?·cm2 or less at a surface pressure of 10 kgf/cm2 before and after an accelerated deterioration test in which the titanium or titanium alloy material is immersed in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution having an adjusted pH of 4 at 80° C. for four days.

Abstract: The cathodized gold nanoparticle graphite pencil electrode is a sensitive enzymeless electrochemical glucose sensor based on the cathodization of AuNP-GPE. Cyclic voltammetry shows that advantageously, the cathodized AuNP-GPE is able to oxidize glucose partially at low potential (around ?0.27 V). Fructose and sucrose cannot be oxidized at <0.1 V, thus the glucose oxidation peak at around ?0.27 V is suitable enough for selective detection of glucose in the presence of fructose and sucrose. However, the glucose oxidation peak current at around ?0.27 V is much lower which should be enhanced to obtain low detection limit. The AuNP-GPE cathodization increases the oxidation peak current of glucose at around ?0.27 V. The dynamic range of the sensor is in the range between 0.05 to 5.0 mM of glucose with good linearity (R2=0.999). Almost no interference effect was observed for sensing of glucose in the presence of fructose, sucrose and NaCl.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition for use as an aqueous first colored coating composition in a multilayer coating-forming method, the coating composition containing an aqueous film-forming resin (A), a crosslinking agent (B), and acrylic urethane resin composite particles (C). The acrylic resin of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (C) is obtained by using, as constituent monomers, 30 to 80 mass % of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c-1-1) having one polymerizable unsaturated group per molecule and having a C4-22 alkyl group, 1 to 20 mass % of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c-2) having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups per molecule, and 0 to 69 mass % of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c-1-2) having one polymerizable unsaturated group per molecule and being other than the polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c-1-1).

Abstract: Techniques for electrodepositing selenium (Se)-containing films are provided. In one aspect, a method of preparing a Se electroplating solution is provided. The method includes the following steps. The solution is formed from a mixture of selenium oxide; an acid selected from the group consisting of alkane sulfonic acid, alkene sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, heterocyclic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid and perchloric acid; and a solvent. A pH of the solution is then adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0. The pH of the solution can be adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0 by adding a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to the solution. A Se electroplating solution, an electroplating method and a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device are also provided.

Abstract: A process for forming a solid electrolytic capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor formed by the process. The process includes: providing an anode wherein the anode comprises a porous body and an anode wire extending from the porous body; apply a thin polymer layer onto the dielectric, and forming a dielectric on the porous body to form an anodized anode; applying a first slurry to the anodized anode to form a blocking layer wherein the first slurry comprises a first conducting polymer with an median particle size of at least 0.05 ?m forming a layer of crosslinker on the blocking layer; and applying a layer of a second conducting polymer on the layer of crosslinker.

Abstract: A method manufactures a fuel delivery pipe including a crude metal made of forged iron, a nickel-phosphorus plating layer formed on an inner surface of the crude metal, and a nonmetal paint film formed on an outer surface of the crude metal. The method includes coating the outer surface of the crude metal with paint to form the paint film, machining the crude metal with the paint film formed thereon to form a machined surface inside the crude metal, and electroless plating the machined crude metal in nickel-phosphorus plating solution to form the nickel-phosphorus plating layer on the machined surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments concern a method for manufacturing a disk drive head suspension component. Such methods can comprise providing a head suspension component comprising a layer of insulating material on a spring metal layer. Such methods can further comprise forming a strain gauge element and a trace seed layer by depositing a first metal on the insulating material layer, such as by sputtering. The strain gauge element and the trace seed layer can be formed simultaneously by the depositing of the first metal as part of the same process step. The first metal can be of a strain gauge class of metal having relatively high resistivity, such as constantan. Such methods can further comprise plating a second metal on the trace seed layer to form one or more traces.

Abstract: Disclosed is process for producing a protective layer for protecting a component against high temperatures and aggressive media. The process comprises forming a surface layer comprising aluminum and chromium on a surface of the component to be provided with the protective layer by chromizing and alitizing. The chromizing and/or the alitizing in different regions of the component surface to be protected is carried out simultaneously but differently to result in a protective layer that has different regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor including a detection unit having a detection electrode and a polymer layer that is disposed on the detection electrode and includes a mold having a three-dimensional structure complementary to a steric structure of a microorganism to be detected. The sensor detects the microorganism based on a state of capturing the microorganism in the mold. The polymer layer is formed by a manufacturing method including: a polymerization step of polymerizing a monomer in the presence of the microorganism to be detected, to form the polymer layer having captured the microorganism on the detection electrode; a destruction step of partially destroying the microorganism captured in the polymer layer; and a peroxidation step of peroxidizing the polymer layer to release the microorganism from the polymer layer.

Abstract: A housing having a coating is disclosed. The housing comprises a base substrate made of metallic material; a micro-arc oxide layer formed on the base substrate; and a protection outer film formed on the micro-arc oxide layer and comprising a coating layer and a metallic layer, wherein the metallic layer is formed on the micro-arc oxide layer and covers a portion of the micro-arc oxide layer; and the coating layer is formed on a remaining portion of the micro-arc oxide layer so that the micro-arc oxide layer is covered by the metallic layer and the coating layer.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic structure that may have a titanium substrate and nanoporous titanium oxide layer grown on the titanium substrate by anodization. The titanium oxide layer may have a plurality of nano-tube structures that create a microscopically rough surface on the titanium substrate. A hydrophobic coating may be deposited over the titanium oxide layer to create a superhydrophobic surface on the titanium substrate. The titanium oxide layer may provide a photocatalytic reaction with oxygen in surrounding air to oxidize organic contaminants on the superhydrophobic surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor excellent in reliability, particularly in ESR property, wherein in a solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte layer, the solid electrolyte layer has a conductive polymer layer formed by a chemical polymerization method or an electrolytic polymerization method, using a polymerization liquid containing at least a monomer and a dopant-introducing agent. The dopant-introducing agent contains a dopant-introducing agent containing at least alkylammonium ions as a cationic component. The dopant-introducing agent in the polymerization liquid may further contain a dopant-introducing agent containing at least metal ions as a cationic component.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for forming a composite coating on a substrate. The method comprises: (A) applying a first, waterborne coating composition to a surface of the substrate, the composition comprising: (a) a polymeric component containing acid functional groups and an additional, different functional group; (b) a curing agent having functional groups reactive with the additional functional groups on the polymeric component; and (c) microgel particles different from the curing agent, prepared from a diamine and an acid functional polyisocyanate, wherein the polyisocyanate contains an average of 0.75 acid functional groups per molecule and the wherein the polyisocyanate has at least three isocyanate functional groups, to form a substantially uncured first coating thereon; and (B) applying a second coating composition to the uncured first coating, to form a substantially uncured secondary coating thereon. Also provided are coated substrates prepared using the above method.

Abstract: I provide a non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, a painted or plated non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, the aqueous coating solution to provide the in-situ conversion protective coating, and a process of preparing the article. The article is a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, magnesium alloy, beryllium and beryllium alloy. The solution has a pH of 3.0 to 12.0 and preferably 4.0 to 10.0 and a protein and protein compound concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight and the protein and protein compound have a molecular mass of 16,700 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: I provide a non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, a painted or plated non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, the aqueous coating solution to provide the in-situ conversion protective coating, and a process of preparing the article. The article is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloy. The solution has a pH of 3.0 to 12.0 and preferably 4.0 to 10.0 and a protein and protein compound concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight and the protein and protein compound have a molecular mass of 16,700 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a three dimensional structure having a hydrophobic inner surface. The manufacturing method includes anodizing a three dimensional metal member and forming fine holes on an external surface of the metal member, forming a replica by coating a non-wetting polymer material on the outer surface of the metal member and forming the non-wetting polymer material to be a replication structure corresponding to the fine holes of the metal member, forming an exterior by surrounding the replication structure with an exterior forming material, and etching the metal member and eliminating the metal member from the replication structure and the exterior forming material.

Abstract: Provided are: a conducting polymer composite structure, which does not require any separator between electrodes, can be reduced in size, can be produced at reduced cost and with improved workability, and has excellent impact resistance; a process for producing the conducting polymer composite structure; and an actuator element using the conducting polymer composite structure. The conducting polymer composite structure includes at least one conducting polymer layer, and is a structure in which a surface layer of the conducting polymer layer is an insulating layer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing an organic copolymer film on electrically conductive or semi-conductive surfaces in two steps. The first step includes electrolysis of an electrolytic solution containing an adhesion primer, in contact with a surface. The second step corresponds to the reaction, at the surface obtained previously, of a solution containing the following species: a protic solvent, and a “radically polymerizable” monomer. The polymerizable monomer is solubilized in micellar form. The surfaces obtained with the use of this method, and their applications apply to preparation of microelectronic components, biomedical devices or screening kits, as well as kits for preparing an organic copolymer film on an electrically conductive or semi-conductive surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an anode of a cable-type secondary battery having a solid electrolyte layer, including preparing an aqueous solution of an anode active material, making an anode by immersing a core as a current collector having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and extending longitudinally in the aqueous solution, then applying an electric current to form a porous shell of the anode active material on the surface of the core, and forming a solid electrolyte layer on the surface of the anode by passing the anode through a solid electrolyte solution. The anode has a high contact area to increase the mobility of lithium ions, thereby improving battery performance. Also, the anode is capable of relieving stress and pressure in the battery, such as volume expansion during charging and discharging, thereby preventing battery deformation and ensuring battery stability.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a method of manufacturing a fuel delivery pipe. The fuel delivery pipe includes a crude metal made of forged iron, a nickel-phosphorus plating layer formed on an inner surface of the crude metal, and a nonmetal paint film formed on an outer surface of the crude metal. The method includes the steps of: coating the outer surface of the crude metal with paint to form the paint film; machining the crude metal with the paint film formed thereon to form a machined surface inside the crude metal; and electroless plating the machined crude metal in nickel-phosphorus plating solution to form the nickel-phosphorus plating layer on the machined surface.

Abstract: Techniques for electrodepositing selenium (Se)-containing films are provided. In one aspect, a method of preparing a Se electroplating solution is provided. The method includes the following steps. The solution is formed from a mixture of selenium oxide; an acid selected from the group consisting of alkane sulfonic acid, alkene sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, heterocyclic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid and perchloric acid; and a solvent. A pH of the solution is then adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0. The pH of the solution can be adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0 by adding a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to the solution. A Se electroplating solution, an electroplating method and a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device are also provided.

Abstract: A process for forming a solid electrolytic capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor formed by the process. The process includes: providing an anode wherein the anode comprises a porous body and an anode wire extending from the porous body; apply a thin polymer layer onto the dielectric, and forming a dielectric on the porous body to form an anodized anode; applying a first slurry to the anodized anode to form a blocking layer wherein the first slurry comprises a first conducting polymer with an median particle size of at least 0.05 ?m forming a layer of crosslinker on the blocking layer; and applying a layer of a second conducting polymer on the layer of crosslinker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, niobium and/or zirconium and their alloys with an oxide ceramic layer formed from the metal which has a thin barrier layer as a boundary layer towards the metal whose surface has been coated with polymers, characterized in that said polymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of dimers or halogenated dimers of general formula I wherein R1 represents one or more hydrogen or halogen residues; each R2 represents hydrogen or halogen; and R3 commonly represent a corresponding xylylene residue for completing a dimeric structure; by vacuum coating, followed by polymerizing the dimers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor having a capacitor element produced by the steps of: forming a dielectric coating layer on the surface of an anode body, forming a conductive polymer cathode layer on the dielectric coating layer, and forming a cathode lead-out layer on the conductive polymer cathode layer, wherein the step of forming the conductive polymer cathode layer includes an electrolytic polymerization step of forming the conductive polymer cathode layer on the surface of the anode body on which the dielectric coating layer is formed by electrolytic polymerization using an electrolytic polymerization solution containing at least a monomer to be polymerized into the conductive polymer and an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A method of improving the material properties of a composite by electrodepositing particular polymers, organic compounds or inorganic compounds onto electrically conductive fibrous substrates, whether individual fibers or as a fabric, to form composites of improved structural properties and having particular physical properties such as being ice phobic, fire resistant, or electrically conductive.

Abstract: This invention teaches a method of coating a vehicle wheel to increase wear resistance which, in its preferred embodiment, includes the steps of providing a vehicle wheel and applying a wear resistant coating between/intermediate a primer and a topcoat. The wear resistant coating is applied to at least the tire bead flange of the vehicle wheel but may be applied to any area of the wheel. It is advantageously comprised of a MIL-P-53022B Type II lead and chromate free, corrosion inhibiting epoxy primer with an addition of 3% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and is formulated in such a manner so as to allow “wet on wet” application over a cured MIL-P-53084 primer. This application method improves adhesion through surface to surface covalent reaction between the polymerization of polyurethane top coat and the polymerization of intermediate epoxy polyamide wear resistant coating.

Abstract: A c-axis-oriented HAP thin film synthesized by seeded growth on a palladium hydrogen membrane substrate. An exemplary synthetic process includes electrochemical seeding on the substrate, and secondary and tertiary hydrothermal treatments under conditions that favor growth along c-axes and a-axes in sequence. By adjusting corresponding synthetic conditions, an HAP this film can be grown to a controllable thickness with a dense coverage on the underlying substrate. The thin films have relatively high proton conductivity under hydrogen atmosphere and high temperature conditions. The c-axis oriented films may be integrated into fuel cells for application in the intermediate temperature range of 200-600° C. The electrochemical-hydrothermal deposition technique may be applied to create other oriented crystal materials having optimized properties, useful for separations and catalysis as well as electronic and electrochemical applications, electrochemical membrane reactors, and in chemical sensors.

Abstract: I provide a non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, a painted or plated non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, the aqueous coating solution to provide the in-situ conversion protective coating, and a process of preparing the article. The article is a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, magnesium alloy, beryllium and beryllium alloy. The solution has a pH of 3.0 to 12.0 and preferably 4.0 to 10.0 and a protein and protein compound concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight and the protein and protein compound have a molecular mass of 16,700 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: I provide a non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, a painted or plated non-toxic protein and protein compound conversion coated metal article, the aqueous coating solution to provide the in-situ conversion protective coating, and a process of preparing the article. The article is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloy. The solution has a pH of 3.0 to 12.0 and preferably 4.0 to 10.0 and a protein and protein compound concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight and the protein and protein compound have a molecular mass of 16,700 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: Bioelectrodes having enhanced biocompatible and biomimetic features are provided. Methods of making and using the bioelectrodes are further provided. A biologically integrated bioelectrode device and method for detecting electronic signals using a bioelectrode comprising a first electrically conductive substrate and a biological component. The bioelectrode also comprises a conductive polymer electrically coupling the first electrically conductive substrate and the biological component to define a bioelectrode. The bioelectrode can transmit or receive an electrical signal between the electrically conductive substrate and the biological component and conductive polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating method for a workpiece, including the following method steps: a) applying a coating liquid to the workpiece, wherein the coating liquid comprises an ionic liquid containing ions of at least one element, b) electrochemically depositing a layer of the at least one element from the coating liquid on the workpiece, c) removing the workpiece from the coating liquid, d) removing excess coating liquid from the workpiece. In order to suggest an industrially suitable coating process, particularly for workpieces having at least a partial metal surface, using stable, durable baths, it is provided that the temperature of the workpiece is set such that the temperature of the coating liquid deviates by no more than 10° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel calcium phosphate coated implantable medical devices, and electrochemical deposition processes for making same. A process of coating an implantable medical device with a calcium phosphate coating comprising: (a) subjecting a substrate to a surface pretreatment whereby adhesion of the calcium phosphate coating to the substrate is enhanced; (b) immersing the pretreated substrate in an electrolyte comprising calcium and phosphate species; and (c) coating calcium phosphate onto the substrate by electrochemical deposition.

Abstract: A ceramic coated heat exchanger component and method for making the ceramic coated heat exchanger component by creating porous metal oxide coatings on an aluminum surface of the heat exchanger component by plasma electrochemical deposition of a metal oxide on the aluminum surface and layering an odor neutralization agent on the porous metal oxide ceramic coatings to form an odor remediation ceramic coating on the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method of treating metallic workpieces with an anodizing solution, compositions of the anodizing solution and the coatings prepared with this anodizing solution for anodizing metallic surfaces, especially surfaces of magnesium, magnesium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, are disclosed. The compositions are basic aqueous solutions comprising a water-soluble inorganic hydroxide, phosphorus and oxygen containing anions, at least one surfactant and an alkaline buffer based on at least one alkaline hydrolyzed silane, on at least one alcohol showing at least one alkaline radical group or on a mixture of them.

Abstract: An electrically conductive substrate is electrocoated with an aqueous electrodeposition coating composition comprising a cathodically electrodepositable binder, the binder comprising an amine-functional phosphorylated resin and at least one additional coating layer, such as a second primer layer, a topcoat layer, or both.

Abstract: The present inventions relate to selenium containing electrodeposition solutions used to manufacture solar cell absorber layers. In one aspect is described an electrodeposition solution to electrodeposit a Group IB-Group VIA thin film that includes a a solvent; a Group IB material source; a Group VIA material source; and at least one complexing that forms a complex ion of the Group IB material. Also described are methods of electroplating using electrodeposition solutions.

Abstract: A c-axis-oriented HAP thin film synthesized by seeded growth on a palladium hydrogen membrane substrate. An exemplary synthetic process includes electrochemical seeding on the substrate, and secondary and tertiary hydrothermal treatments under conditions that favor growth along c-axes and a-axes in sequence. By adjusting corresponding synthetic conditions, an HAP this film can be grown to a controllable thickness with a dense coverage on the underlying substrate. The thin films have relatively high proton conductivity under hydrogen atmosphere and high temperature conditions. The c-axis oriented films may be integrated into fuel cells for application in the intermediate temperature range of 200-600° C. The electrochemical-hydrothermal deposition technique may be applied to create other oriented crystal materials having optimized properties, useful for separations and catalysis as well as electronic and electrochemical applications, electrochemical membrane reactors, and in chemical sensors.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell. The solar cell includes a substrate; a polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) thin-film layer which includes a p+ layer situated above the substrate, wherein the poly-Si thin-film layer is hydrogenated; a contact under-layer situated between the foreign substrate and the poly-Si thin-film layer; a metal layer situated below the contact layer, wherein part of the metal layer reaches the p+ layer through the contact under-layer; an n-type doped amorphous-Si (a-Si) thin-film layer situated above the poly-Si thin-film layer forming a heterojunction; an optional intrinsic layer situated between the poly-Si thin-film layer and the n-type doped a-Si thin-film layer; a transparent conductive layer situated above the n-type doped a-Si thin-film layer; and a front-side electrode situated above the transparent conductive layer.