Abstract: Formulations containing reactive oxygen species (ROS), processes for making these formulations, and methods of using these formulations are described. The formulations can include gels or hydrogels that contain at least one reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formulations can include a composition containing a reduced species (RS) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formulations can also contain a rheology modifier and can include gels or hydrogels. Methods of preparing the formulations can include preparing a composition. Compositions can be prepared by providing water, purifying the water to produce ultra-pure water, combining sodium chloride to the ultra-pure water to create salinated water, and electrolyzing the salinated water at a temperature between about 4.5 to about 5.8° C.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a polymer brush structure exhibiting birefringence, said polymer brush structure comprising a plurality of substantially parallel oriented polymers and characterized by a longitudinal z-direction having a first refractive index, nz, and a lateral x,y-direction having a second refractive index, nx,y, wherein the difference, ?n, between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.6, as measured by ellipsometry and fit to a Cauchy analytical model.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds bearing carboxylic acid groups are easily and economically replaced in high yield by oxidation of a carbinol-functional organosilicon compound with an oxidizer in the presence of a moderator at a pH?3. Carboxyl-functional organopolysiloxanes highly useful as textile softeners may be obtained by this method.

Abstract: This invention relates to a series of organic/inorganic hybrid polymers that are easy to fabricate into dimensionally stable films with good ion-conductivity over a wide range of temperatures for use in a variety of applications. The polymers are prepared by the reaction of amines, preferably diamines and mixtures thereof with monoamines with epoxy-functionalized alkoxysilanes. The products of the reaction are polymerized by hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane groups to produce an organic-containing silica network. Suitable functionality introduced into the amine and alkoxysilane groups produce solid polymeric membranes which conduct ions for use in fuel cells, high-performance solid state batteries, chemical sensors, electrochemical capacitors, electro-chromic windows or displays, analog memory devices and the like.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte forming composition includes a trialkoxysilane containing an epoxy group, polyethyleneimine, and at least one of heteropolyacid and trifluoromethanesulfoneimide.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds bearing carboxylic acid groups are easily and economically replaced in high yield by oxidation of a carbinol-functional organosilicon compound with an oxidizer in the presence of a moderator at a pH?3. Carboxyl-functional organopolysiloxanes highly useful as textile softeners may be obtained by this method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a silicon substrate having a monolayer formed by an electrochemically-induced reaction between silicon hydride moieties on the silicon surface and optionally substituted alkynes covalently bound to the surface of the silicon substrate and to a method for electrochemically producing such a functionalized silicon substrate. The method of forming a covalently bound monolayer on a silicon surface comprises the steps of contacting the silicon surface with a C2-C24 alkyne and electrografting optionally substituted alkynes to the silicon surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a silicon substrate having a monolayer formed by an electrochemically-induced reaction between silicon hydride moieties on the silicon surface and optionally substituted alkynes covalently bound to the surface of the silicon substrate and to a method for electrochemically producing such a functionalized silicon substrate. The method of forming a covalently bound monolayer on a silicon surface comprises the steps of contacting the silicon surface with a C2-C24 alkyne and electrografting optionally substituted alkynes to the silicon surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel bisphosphine compound having a chiral center on the phosphorus atom, which is suitable as a ligand for an asymmetric catalyst for use in asymmetric hydrogenation, this bisphosphine compound being represented by the following formula (1): (where t—C8H17 denotes 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl), and a process for the production of this bisphosphine compound. Also provided are a transition metal complex having this bisphosphine compound as a ligand, and a process for the asymmetric hydrogenation of an unsubstituted carboxylic acid or its ester.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a silicon substrate having a monolayer formed by an electrochemically-induced reaction between silicon hydride moieties on the silicon surface and optionally substituted alkynes covalently bound to the surface of the silicon substrate and to a method for electrochemically producing such a functionalized silicon substrate. The method of forming a covalently bound monolayer on a silicon surface comprises the steps of contacting the silicon surface with a C2-C24 alkyne and electrografting optionally substituted alkynes to the silicon surface.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a hydroxymethylphosphonic acid compound to produce a formylphosphonic acid compound is described. The oxidation reaction is carried out in the presence of an oxidant and a catalyst. For example, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid (HMPA) is oxidized by oxygen or hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst to give formylphosphonic acid (FPA). Formylphosphonic acid can then be reacted with glycine to produce a condensation product which, upon hydrogenation, yields glyphosate. Glyphosate can be incorporated into various formulations for use as a herbicide. In addition to glycine, formylphosphonic acid can also be reacted with ammonia, ethanolamine, or other primary amines to form a precursor compound, which can be converted to glyphosate.

Abstract: A fluorosilicon network polymer prepared by the reaction of a tetraholosilane of the formula 1: SiX4 with an organohologen compound of the formula 2: RZ , an insulating coating prepared therefrom, semiconductor devices coated therewith, and processes for producing the same. In said formulas, R represents at least monofluorinated alkyl or aryl; and X and Z represent each independently boromine, iodine or chlorine.

Abstract: A highly conductive polymer is obtained by electrochemically oxidizing a polysilane.

Abstract: Catalyst compounds comprising at least one transition metal having an oxidation number of 0 or 1 and at least one sulfonated phosphine are electrochemically synthesized, by electrolyzing an aqueous solution catholyte (contained in the cathode compartment of any suitable electrolytic cell) comprising at least one transition metal compound and at least one sulfonated phosphine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing polysilane characterized in that starting halosilane is subjected to electrochemical reaction using Mg or Mg alloy as anode, lithium salt as supporting electrolyte and aprotic solvent as solvent, thereby producing polysilane. The present invention affords polysilane in a high yield, whose molecular weight is uniform and high enough to be cast into an excellent thin film, with an ease of handling, safety and a low cost ensured.

Abstract: A method for producing disilane characterized in that halosilane is subjected to electrochemical reaction using Al, Al alloy, Mg, Mg alloy, Cu, Cu alloy, Zn or Zn alloy as anode, lithium salt as supporting electrolyte, Al salt, Fe salt, Mg salt, Zn salt, Sn salt, Co salt, Pd salt, V salt, Cu salt, Ca salt, Na salt or K salt as current carrying aid, and aprotic solvent as solvent, thereby producing disilane.

Abstract: A process is described for the electrochemical preparation of organosilicon compounds having at least one SiC-bound organic radical, a solution which contains at least one halosilane being subjected to an electrochemical reaction, an anode which contains a noble metal or an alloy consisting essentially of one or more noble metals having a halogen scavenger flowing around said anode.