Abstract: A process and system for reducing the sulfur content from a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxidized sulfur-containing hydrocarbons is provided by electrochemical decomposition. The electrochemical reactions occur under electrical potential and in the presence of an electrolyte solution that is effective promote decomposition of a portion of the oxidized sulfur compounds, to recover a hydrocarbon product having a reduced sulfur content while minimizing loss of hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The selective electrochemical reduction of halogenated 4-aminopicolinic acids is improved by activating the cathode at a final potential from about +1.0 to about +1.8 volts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the electrochemical direct amination of hydrocarbons by means of a diamond electrode and also a process for preparing aniline.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing substituted 2-aminobiphenyls and to a process for preparing (Het)arylamides of such 2-aminobiphenyls.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical method for producing diaryl iodonium compounds wherein application of an electric current to an electrochemical cell containing a reaction mixture composed of a solvent, an iodoaryl compound and an electrolyte forms an oxidizing agent in situ. In this first step, the oxidizing agent is subsequently converted into a stable oxidized iodoaryl intermediate, typically an iodosyl compound. The electric potential is removed and in a second step a target aryl compound is introduced to the reaction mixture to react with the oxidized iodoaryl intermediate to form a diaryl iodonium compound.

Abstract: Process for preparing organic isocyanates, which comprises the steps (a) making available a first partial amount of chlorine, with the chlorine of this first partial amount having a content of free and bound bromine and iodine of <400 ppm; (b) making available a second partial amount of chlorine; (c) reacting the first and second partial amounts of chlorine with carbon monoxide to form phosgene; (d) reacting the phosgene from step (c) with one or more primary amines to form the corresponding isocyanates and hydrogen chloride; (e) separating off and, if necessary, purifying the isocyanates formed in step (d); (f) separating off and, if necessary, purifying the hydrogen chloride formed in step (d); (g) catalytically oxidizing at least part of the hydrogen chloride separated off in step (e) by means of oxygen to form chlorine; (h) separating off the chlorine formed in step (g) and using at least a partial amount of the chlorine which has been separated off as second partial amount of chlorine in step (b).

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of 4-(des-dimethylamino)-tetracyclines, which compounds have a therapeutical application. The starting tetracyclines are treated with a methylating agent and the resulting trimethylammonium salts are reduced by electrolysis in an aqueous solution at acidic pH, in the presence of an adequate electrolyte. A direct electrical current with a potential of 0.5-1.5 volts is applied between two convenient electrodes until the reaction is complete. The 4-(des-dimethylamino)-tetracyclines are isolated by extraction with an organic solvent.

Abstract: A process and a system produces isocyanate and converts anhydrous hydrogen chloride, which is a by-product of isocyanate production, to chlorine gas in an electrochemical cell. The chlorine is recycled to the isocyanate process. Any unreacted anhydrous hydrogen chloride may be recycled to the electrochemical cell. By recycling the anhydrous hydrogen chloride and the chlorine, the process and system are able to reduce the cost of producing isocyanate. In addition, this process and system process eliminate or at least substantially minimize the problems associated with disposal of anhydrous hydrogen chloride by turning it into a useful starting material in the isocyanate process.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing the compounds ##STR1## wherein X is halo, consists of, at a minimum, electrochemical oxidation of the allyl acetonide reactant with halide salt in an aqueous system, the desired compounds being useful as intermediates for the synthesis of inhibitors of renin or HIV protease or other proteases.

Abstract: An electrolyte contains a tetravalent salt of titanium and a trivalent salt of cerium in a methanesulfonic acid solution. A reducing agent consisting of trivalent titanium and an oxidizing agent consisting of tetravalent cerium are provided in the same solution. An electrochemical cell is disclosed wherein the catholyte and anolyte utilize this electrolyte. The reduction of tetravalent titanium into trivalent titanium is accomplished by electrolysis in the presence of extraneous trivalent cerium ions. The oxidation of trivalent cerium into tetravalent cerium is accomplished by electrolysis in the presence of extraneous tetravalent titanium ions. Simultaneous reduction of tetravalent titanium into trivalent titanium and oxidation of trivalent cerium to tetravalent cerium by electrolysis is also disclosed. Reduction of organic compounds using trivalent titanium in the presence of trivalent cerium in methanesulfonic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of substituted diaminodicarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in a high yield by a modified Kolbe synthesis.