Nitrate Containing (e.g., Nitric Acid, Sodium Nitrate, Etc.) Patents (Class 205/685)
  • Patent number: 11771566
    Abstract: A surgical implant and a surgical kit. The surgical implant has a body portion comprising a first hole formed in an exterior surface of the body portion, a second hole adjacent the first hole, and at least one through-hole within the body portion and extending entirely thought a depth of the body portion extending entirely thought a depth of the body portion. The implant has a central opening abutting the body portion and extending through the body portion. The first hole has a first sidewall and a first cavity in the body portion, the second hole has a second sidewall and a second cavity in the body portion, and the first cavity and the second cavity have an interconnected opening there between. The surgical kit includes the surgical implant and an intervertebral insertion device.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 18, 2021
    Date of Patent: October 3, 2023
    Assignee: Zavation Medical Products, LLC
    Inventors: Katie Lynn Motley, John Franklin Cummins, Joseph Matthew Jones, John Lawrence Walker, Colbert Yeates Williams
  • Publication number: 20150027903
    Abstract: The invention relates to a weld cleaning fluid, and method of cleaning weld or discolouration especially on stainless steel. Stainless steel welds, such as those done by TIG welding, require cleaning to remove the resulting surface discolouration and also to passivate the steel. This is often done using an electro-cleaning apparatus with the assistance of electrolyte cleaning fluids. A new cleaning fluid has been developed that has a generally neutral pH, instead of the highly acidic nature of previously used fluids, which avoids environmental and safety issues. The cleaning fluid composition preferably has potassium or sodium orthophosphate salts as the main active ingredient, or similar such salts, and has a pH of around 7. It may also include a sequestering or chelating agent such as a sodium and/or potassium salt of EDTA, and colouring and fragrance.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 14, 2012
    Publication date: January 29, 2015
    Applicant: ENSITECH IP PTY LTD
    Inventor: Simon Lewer
  • Patent number: 8828258
    Abstract: A method for surface treatment of a stainless steel separator for a fuel cell comprises preparing a stainless steel sheet containing nickel, chrome and iron, and having a passive film on a surface of the stainless steel sheet, and dipping the stainless steel sheet into a mixed etching solution of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a temperature of 50-70° C. for 30 seconds to 30 minutes to selectively lower an amount of Fe in the passive film formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2007
    Date of Patent: September 9, 2014
    Assignee: Hyundai Hysco
    Inventors: Yoo Taek Jeon, Yeon Soo Jeong
  • Publication number: 20130184833
    Abstract: Methods and apparatuses of stents with likely reduced rates of tissue perforation are provided. Some embodiments include reducing the profile of a portion of the stent using a wire profile reduction electropolishing bath and/or other wire profile reduction means.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 3, 2012
    Publication date: July 18, 2013
    Applicant: Cook Medical Technologies LLC
    Inventor: Cook Medical Technologies LLC
  • Publication number: 20120082906
    Abstract: The present invention relates to A process for producing a transport- and storage-stable sheet-like oxygen-consuming electrode comprising providing an electrically conductive support, a gas diffusion layer, and a layer comprising a silver-based catalyst; coating the support with a silver oxide-containing intermediate; and at least partly electrochemically reducing the silver oxide-containing intermediate in an aqueous electrolyte at a pH of less than 8.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 3, 2011
    Publication date: April 5, 2012
    Applicant: Bayer MaterialScience AG
    Inventors: Andreas Bulan, Rainer Weber, Matthias Weis
  • Patent number: 7850862
    Abstract: Textured surface having micro recesses such that the outer surface overhangs the micro recesses. Embodiments of the textured surface include sharp edges for promoting bone deposition and growth within the micro recesses, protrusions of varying depth from the surface that include overhangs, and micro recesses that are at least partially defined by complex ellipsoids.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 1, 2006
    Date of Patent: December 14, 2010
    Assignee: Tecomet Inc.
    Inventors: Mark Amrich, Jonathan Rolfe, Joseph Buturlia, Robert Lynch
  • Publication number: 20090139875
    Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for electrochemical machining of a metal product, which can reduce a defect of an electro-chemical machining product, increase a lifespan of an electrolyte and an electrode, and improve efficiency of the electrochemical machining. The electrolyte includes an inorganic salt and at least one of a complexing agent and a reducing agent in a solvent.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 3, 2008
    Publication date: June 4, 2009
    Inventors: Jong Yun KIM, Seoung Jae Lee, Bae Kyun Kim, Young Tae Kim, Mi Jin Choi
  • Publication number: 20080164153
    Abstract: A polishing pad includes a guide plate having a plurality of holes therein and being affixed to a compressible under-layer; and a plurality of conducting polishing elements each affixed to the compressible under-layer and passing through a sealed contact with a proton exchange membrane and corresponding hole in the guide plate so as to be maintained in a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the compressible under-layer but being translatable in a vertical direction with respect to the guide plate. The polishing pad may also include a slurry distribution material fastened to the guide plate by an adhesive. Pad wear sensors may also be provided in the polishing pad.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 5, 2005
    Publication date: July 10, 2008
    Inventor: Rajeev Bajaj
  • Patent number: 6923900
    Abstract: A profiled tube (50b) comprising a high carbon content alloy (greater than 0.3%), superalloy or other high creep strength material, has a fluted bore with internal fins (52b) and intervening valleys or troughs (56b). Such a tube is made by centrifugal casting and subsequent electrochemical machining by drawing of an electrode (104) along the tube while at the same time passing electrolyte along the tube and around the electrode and also applying an electrical current between the tube and electrode, so that material of the tube passes into solution in the electrolyte. The electrode (104) has the same profile as the end-profile required in the tube (80) but has an inclined working face (124). An electrode rod (92) drives the electrode from one end mounting means (82) to another (84), each of which support the tube (80) and supply/exhaust electrolytic solution. The electrolyte is preferably sodium nitrate, although an acid based system is feasible.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 4, 2001
    Date of Patent: August 2, 2005
    Assignee: Doncasters PLC
    Inventors: John Jones, Michael J. Yardley, Terry K Barker
  • Patent number: 6866769
    Abstract: A drive head for a bolt, fastener, coupling, nut or other driveable head made from a less malleable metal such as a powder metal nickel alloy. The drive head has an upper drive portion having at least six convex corners spaced around the outer periphery thereof, each corner terminating in an edge. The drive head also has a lower flange portion adjacent to the drive portion and having an edge extending radially outwardly to at least the edge of each corner. The drive portion and the flange portion of the drive head is formed by subjecting a blank having a generally circular head to electrochemical machining (ECM). A tool is also provided for the ECM method to form the drive portion and flange portion of the drive head.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 6, 2002
    Date of Patent: March 15, 2005
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventors: William C. Anderson, Edward I. Stamm, Vicky S. Budinger, Terry L. Lievestro
  • Patent number: 6802954
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of creating porous anode foil for use in multiple anode stack configuration electrolytic capacitors, producing a pore structure that is microscopic in pore diameter and spacing, allowing for increased energy density with a minimal increase in ESR. Initially, an anode metal foil is etched, according to a conventional etch process, to produce an enlargement of surface area. The etched foil is then placed into the electrochemical drilling solution of the present invention. Alternatively, the etched foil may be masked, so that only small areas of the etched foil are exposed, prior to being placed in the electrochemical drilling solution. A DC power supply is used to electrochemically etch the masked or unmasked foil in the electrochemical drilling solution of the present invention such that pores on the order of a few microns diameter are produced through the foil.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 18, 2002
    Date of Patent: October 12, 2004
    Assignee: Pacesetter, Inc.
    Inventors: Ralph Jason Hemphill, Thomas V. Graham, Thomas F. Strange
  • Patent number: 6793799
    Abstract: A method of separating and recovering useful rare FP contained in spent nuclear fuels (platinum group element (Ru, Rh, Pd), Ag, Tc, Se, Te) selectively and at high recovery percentage is provided. Nitric acid solution to be processed containing useful rare FP in spent nuclear fuels is electrolytically reduced by using Pd2+ or Fe2+ as a catalyst and rare FP are collectively deposited on an electrode and then deposits on the electrode are collectively dissolved by electrolytic oxidation. Then, the deposit-dissolved solution is electrolytically reduced at low current density, medium current density and high current density, successively, whereby Ag.Pd group, Se.Te group and Ru.Rh.Tc group are separately deposited and recovered, group by group. A cooperation system for nuclear power generation and fuel cell power generation can be provided by utilizing the recovered rare FP as electrode materials and production and purification catalysts for hydrogen fuel in fuel cell.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 30, 2002
    Date of Patent: September 21, 2004
    Assignee: Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute
    Inventors: Masaki Ozawa, Yuichi Sano, Yoshihiko Shinoda
  • Patent number: 6780305
    Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a support for planographic printing plates which comprises a step of roughening the surface of an aluminum plate and in which the surface-roughening step includes (1) a pre-electrolytic surface-roughening step of electrolytically roughening the surface of an aluminum plate in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, (2) an alkali-etching step of etching the roughened surface of the aluminum plate with an alkali solution, (3) a desmutting step of contacting the etched aluminum plate with an aqueous sulfuric solution having predetermined sulfuric acid and aluminum ion concentrations at a predetermined temperature for 1 to 180 seconds, and (4) an electrolytic surface-roughening step of processing the desmutted aluminum plate in an aqueous nitric acid solution with an alternating current being applied thereto. The invention enables stable and inexpensive production of planographic printing plate supports even from regenerated aluminum.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 2002
    Date of Patent: August 24, 2004
    Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Atsuo Nishino, Yoshitaka Masuda, Hirokazu Sawada, Akio Uesugi
  • Patent number: 6719892
    Abstract: A process for selective removal of a nickel alloy brazing composition from a nickel-base alloy component includes the steps of providing a brazed assembly including nickel-base alloy components joined by nickel alloy brazing composition; immersing the assembly in an electrolyte; and applying a potential across the electrolyte at a magnitude wherein the nickel-base alloy components are electrochemically passive and the nickel alloy brazing composition dissolves whereby the brazing composition is removed from the components.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 4, 2001
    Date of Patent: April 13, 2004
    Assignee: United Technologies Corporation
    Inventors: Mark Jaworowski, Michael A Kryzman
  • Publication number: 20040016651
    Abstract: A method is provided for the manufacture of an implant, in particular of a metallic implant, comprising the steps of roughening the surface of the implant by blasting with blasting particles and of treating the surface with a solvent which selectively dissolves the blasting particles.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 20, 2003
    Publication date: January 29, 2004
    Inventor: Markus Windler
  • Patent number: 6682645
    Abstract: In a process for producing an aluminum support of a lithographic printing plate, the desired aluminum support is produced by imparting fine asperities to an aluminum plate and then roughening it electrochemically in an acidic aqueous solution. The roughened aluminum plate may be electropolished or chemically etched.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 27, 2004
    Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Atsuo Nishino, Yoshitaka Masuda, Hirokazu Sawada, Akio Uesugi
  • Publication number: 20030234184
    Abstract: Polishing compositions and methods for removing conductive materials from a substrate surface are provided. In one aspect, a composition includes an acid based electrolyte system, one or more chelating agents, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more inorganic or organic acid salts, one or more pH adjusting agents to provide a pH between about 2 and about 10, a polishing enhancing material selected from the group of abrasive particles, one or more oxidizers, and combinations thereof, and a solvent. The composition may be used in an conductive material removal process including disposing a substrate having a conductive material layer formed thereon in a process apparatus comprising an electrode, providing the composition between the electrode and substrate, applying a bias between the electrode and the substrate, and removing conductive material from the conductive material layer.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 6, 2003
    Publication date: December 25, 2003
    Applicant: Applied Materials, Inc.
    Inventors: Feng Q. Liu, Stan D. Tsai, Yongqi Hu, Siew S. Neo, Yan Wang, Alain Duboust, Liang-Yuh Chen
  • Patent number: 6627064
    Abstract: A hard material layer deposited on a hard metal work piece is removed by electrolytic passivation in which a maximum current density equal to at least 0.01 A/cm2 is generated on the work piece at the beginning of the layer removal process. The hard material layer rapidly flakes off without causing substantial damage to the hard metal material located underneath.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 23, 2000
    Date of Patent: September 30, 2003
    Assignee: Unaxis Balzers Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventor: Michael Hans
  • Patent number: 6596150
    Abstract: Disclosed is a production method of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, capable of stable and low-cost production of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, the support being scarcely subject to generation of treatment unevenness called streaks or grainy unevenness ascribable to the different in the aluminum dissolving rate due to the difference in the orientation of the crystal grain. The aluminum support is produced by surface graining and then polishing an aluminum plate or by polishing an aluminum plate while etching it in an aqueous acid or alkali solution. The aluminum plate may be subjected to polishing and then to anodization or may be subjected to polishing, to surface graining, again to or not to polishing and then to anodization. A production method for producing a high-quality support for a lithographic printing plate, free of local unevenness is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 27, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 22, 2003
    Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Atsuo Nishino, Yoshitaka Masuda, Hirokazu Sawada, Akio Uesugi, Masahiro Endo
  • Patent number: 6416650
    Abstract: An apparatus and method of electrochemical polishing a workpiece with ring-form electrode is provided. A mechanism with a tool electrode, a DC power supply and electrolysis-supply tank of the present invention can be installed on the traditional production equipment. The tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of the DC power supply, while the workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the DC power supply and kept a fixed distance from the tool electrode. The electrode or the workpiece advances at a predetermined feeding speed while the workpiece is electrochemically polished. The present invention uses the centrifugal force of rotational tool electrode to discharge electrolytic byproducts, making electrochemical polishing more effective.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2000
    Date of Patent: July 9, 2002
    Assignee: National Science Council
    Inventor: Cheng-Hong Ho
  • Patent number: 6379528
    Abstract: The back side recessed cooling surface of a shroud defining in part the hot gas path of a turbine is electrochemically machined to provide surface roughness elements and spaces therebetween to increase the heat transfer coefficient. To accomplish this, an electrode with insulating dielectric portions and non-insulating portions is disposed in opposition to the cooling surface. By passing an electrolyte between the cooling surface and electrode and applying an electrical current between the electrode and a shroud, roughness elements and spaces therebetween are formed in the cooling surface in opposition to the insulating and non-insulating portions of the electrode, hence increasing the surface area and heat transfer coefficient of the shroud.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 12, 2000
    Date of Patent: April 30, 2002
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventors: Ching-Pang Lee, Robert Alan Johnson, Bin Wei, Hsin-Pang Wang
  • Publication number: 20020038767
    Abstract: Disclosed herewithin is an apparatus for fabricating a stent which involves processing a tubular member whereby no connection points to join the edges of a flat pattern are necessary. The process includes the steps of: a) preparing the surface of a tubular member, b) coating the outside surface of the tubular member with a photo-sensitive resist material, c) placing the tubular member in an apparatus designed to simultaneously rotate the tubular member while passing a specially configured photographic frame negative between a light source and the tubular member, d) exposing the tubular member to a photoresist developer, e) rinsing the excess developer and uncured resist from the exposed tubular member, f) sealing the inner lumen of the tubular member, and g) treating the tubular member with a chemical or electro-chemical process to remove uncovered metal. By modifying the photographic negative, this process can be employed to fabricate a virtually unlimited number of stent designs and configurations.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 1, 2001
    Publication date: April 4, 2002
    Inventor: Thomas Trozera
  • Patent number: 6315885
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of electropolishing aided by ultrasonic means having the capability of rapidly discharging dregs. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of electrochemical polishing process aided by an auxiliary ultrasonic cleaning device which emits ultrasonic vibrating energy to effectively discharge dregs, shorten the polishing cycle time for each workpiece, and improve the surface roughness of the workpiece. The present invention further provides an electropolishing apparatus that can be easily retrofitted to almost every existing machine tool as an auxiliary unit. Alternately, the ultrasonic apparatus can be installed separately as an independent ultrasonic generating unit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 27, 1999
    Date of Patent: November 13, 2001
    Assignee: National Science Council
    Inventor: Hong Hocheng
  • Publication number: 20010027925
    Abstract: Electrolytic apparatus of support for lithographic printing plate is disclosed that electrolyticaly treats aluminum web in acid electrolyte wherein the guide roller for aluminum web transportation comprises a skeleton section formed with strong material of intenisty, a liquid contact section on the surface of the skeleton section, and nonwoven fabric which is provided on the contact surface with the aluminum web.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 19, 2001
    Publication date: October 11, 2001
    Inventors: Atsushi Matsuura, Akio Uesugi
  • Patent number: 6214200
    Abstract: In a method for electrochemical machining, the working distance is set by contacting the workpiece with the electrode, increasing the distance between the workpiece and the electrode by a first distance, detecting whether the contact between the electrode and the workpiece is broken, and further increasing the distance between the workpiece and the electrode by a second distance. Owing to this method, very small working distances can be set with a limited risk of short-circuiting and flash-over.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 2, 1999
    Date of Patent: April 10, 2001
    Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation
    Inventors: Hermanus S. J. Altena, Maarten Brussee, Anton M. Boorsma, Foppe Kramer
  • Patent number: 6139715
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for deburring or radiusing articles made of TZM alloys by electrochemical machining uses a pulsating current and a binary salt electrolyte solution simultaneously applied across a gap between a tool electrode and a TZM workpiece. The pulse duration is typically in the range between about 0.5 milliseconds to about 100 milliseconds and the pulse interval is between 5 milliseconds and 150 milliseconds. The pulse voltage amplitude is typically in the range between about 8 volts to about 30 volts. The binary salt electrolyte solution is an aqueous salt solution with a total concentration typically in the range between about 14% to about 20% by weight of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. The ratio of sodium chloride to sodium nitrate is typically in the range of between about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. The standoff distance, or gap, between the tool electrode and the TZM workpiece is typically in the range between 0.015 mm to about 3.0 mm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 2, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 31, 2000
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventor: Bin Wei
  • Patent number: 6110351
    Abstract: A method of machining metal-matrix composite materials using electrochemical machining is provided. The method comprises the steps of: providing a metal matrix composite material in an electrochemical machine, and electrochemically machining the metal-matrix composite material in a nitrate or chloride containing electrolyte at a current density of equal to or greater than approximately 1 A/cm.sup.2. Preferably the metal-matrix composite is comprised of an aluminum alloy or pure Al matrix with ceramic particles, such as silicon carbide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 15, 1998
    Date of Patent: August 29, 2000
    Assignee: University of Hawaii
    Inventors: Lloyd Hiromi Hihara, Philip Panquites, IV
  • Patent number: 6103028
    Abstract: A new method of creating thin free-standing pin hole-free hydrogen-selective palladium-bearing membranes that comprises thinning cold-rolled membranes by chemical etching or electrochemically electrolyzing of at least one membrane surface, and novel membranes produced thereby and including membranes with selected portions only thereof so thinned.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1999
    Date of Patent: August 15, 2000
    Assignee: Walter Juda Associates, Inc.
    Inventors: Walter Juda, Charles W. Krueger, R. Todd Bombard
  • Patent number: 5965006
    Abstract: The invention shows a surface (2) for a metal implant (1) which has a coarse structure of elevations (3) and depressions (4), with the surface (2) being permeated by a network (5) of protruding ribs which form nodes (7) and interstices or meshes (8) having an interstice width of 2 mm to 0.4 mm, while the depressions represent sections of spherical cavities (11). The nodes (7) of the ribs can protrude the furthest like mountain peaks, whereas the ribs (6) which connect two nodes (7) each form a lower lying saddle (10) if the spherical cavities penetrate one another slightly. Through coating with an electrochemically resistant protective lacquer, into which holes can be shot at a predetermined spacing without damaging the metal, with a laser for example, a coarsely structured intermediary surface can be economically provided by means of electrochemical erosion which receives a fine structure through sand blasting.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 20, 1997
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1999
    Assignee: Sulzer Orthopaedie AG
    Inventors: Roland Baege, John Maclaren Cassells, Toby StJohn King, Timothy Andrew Large, Anne Tregoning Miller
  • Patent number: 5893967
    Abstract: An impedance-assisted electrochemical method is employed for selectively removing certain material from a structure without significantly electrochemically removing certain other material of the same chemical type as the removed material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 30, 1997
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1999
    Assignee: Candescent Technologies Corporation
    Inventors: N. Johan Knall, Christopher J. Spindt, Gabriela S. Chakarova, Duane A. Haven, John M. Macaulay, Roger W. Barton, Maria S. Nikolova, Peter C. Searson
  • Patent number: 5863412
    Abstract: A method for etching an object having a portion to be etched on the surface thereof, comprising a step of immersing said object in an electrolyte solution such that said object serves as a negative electrode; a step of arranging a counter electrode having a pattern corresponding to a desired etching pattern to be formed at said portion to be etched of said object in said electrolyte solution so as to maintain a predetermined interval between said counter electrode and said object, and a step of applying a direct current or a pulse current between said object and said counter electrode to etch said portion to be etched of said object into a pattern corresponding to said pattern of said counter electrode.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 17, 1996
    Date of Patent: January 26, 1999
    Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Hirofumi Ichinose, Ippei Sawayama, Akio Hasebe, Tsutomu Murakami, Masaya Hisamatsu, Satoshi Shinkura, Yukie Ueno
  • Patent number: 5833835
    Abstract: Method of electrochemically machining an electrically conductive workpiece (2) in an electrolyte by applying bipolar electric pulses between the workpiece (2) and an electrically conductive electrode (6), one or more current pulses of normal polarity alternating with voltage pulses of opposite polarity. The amplitude (Un) of the voltage pulses is adjusted between two predetermined values (Un1, Un2) derived from the occurrence of a given surface quality of the workpiece (2) and the occurrence of wear of the electrode (6). The derivation is effected by means of at least one test which precedes the machining of the workpiece (2). During the test the amplitude (Un) of the voltage pulses is increased gradually from an initial value to a final value. The two predetermined values (Un1, Un2) are determined upon the occurrence of a sign reversal in the difference between successive values of a parameter which is representative of a property of a gap (5) between the electrode (6) and the workpiece (2).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 12, 1996
    Date of Patent: November 10, 1998
    Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation
    Inventors: Nasich Z. Gimaev, Aleksandr N. Zajcev, Aleksandr L. Belogorskij, Igor L. Agafonov, Naila A. Amirchanova, Viktor N. Kucenko, Rafail R. Muchutdinov
  • Patent number: 5824206
    Abstract: Photoelectrochemical etching of p-InP in various nitric acid solutions demonstrates that the semiconductor undergoes etching with favorable etch rates in the negative potential region. The etch rate increases with decreasing potentials to -1.0 V and exhibits a slight decrease with lower potentials. Etch rates exhibit a linear relation with relative light intensity. The values of etch rate for p-InP polarized at -1.0 V vary from 0.07 to 1.24 .mu.m/min. for HNO.sub.3 solutions with concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 M. Etch rates determined in the 4 M acid range were reproducible within 4%. With acid concentrations greater than 5 M, the etch rates were observed to be inconsistent. XPS studies indicated that these inconsistencies are probably due to the formation of organic nitrogen compounds on the surface of p-InP.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 20, 1998
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
    Inventor: Kenneth P. Quinlan
  • Patent number: 5733433
    Abstract: A heat generating type ink-jet print head including an ink supply passage for receiving an ink from an ink container, a micro chamber for storing the ink and nozzles, all being directly formed on a substrate, and a method for fabricating the ink-jet print head using an electrolytic polishing process, and a method for fabricating the ink-jet print head. The ink-jet print head is fabricated using an electrolytic polishing process, thereby achieving an accurate and inexpensive fabrication.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 1995
    Date of Patent: March 31, 1998
    Inventors: Ho Jun Lee, Hi Deok Lee, Jae Duk Lee, Jun Bo Yoon, Ki Ho Han, Jae Kwan Kim, Chul Hi Han, Choong Ki Kim, Doo Won Seo
  • Patent number: 5650059
    Abstract: A carbide substrate including a binder prepared to receive a cutting material such as a diamond coating thereon. The substrate is immersed in an electrolyte solution with the substrate acting as the anode thereby providing for an electro-polished substrate surface. The electro-polished substrate surface is then etched to substantially remove the binder phase of the carbide substrate, the etching being to a depth of up to about 15 microns. The resulting surface is susceptible for receiving a coating of the diamond cutting material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 1995
    Date of Patent: July 22, 1997
    Assignee: Credo Tool Company
    Inventors: Carl Shumaker, Zane D. Lockhart, Jr., Oscar H. Miller
  • Patent number: 5518589
    Abstract: A method of producing a support for a planographic printing plate which comprises roughening a surface of an aluminum plate electrochemically, etching the surface by 0.01 to 20 g/m.sup.2 with alkali, and roughening the surface electrochemically in an electrolytic solution containing hydrochloric acid and/or a water-soluble hydrochloride salt which forms hydrochloride ion or nitric acid and/or a water-soluble nitrate salt which forms nitrate ion as the principle component.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 21, 1996
    Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Atsushi Matsuura, Akio Uesugi
  • Patent number: 5516401
    Abstract: An electrolyte is circulated between the surface to be machined, raised to an anode potential, and a tool electrode (9') raised to a cathode potential. The electrolyte contains lithium nitrate as a unique active product with a concentration of between 20 g/l and 2350 g/l and preferably between 50 g/l and 250 g/l. The process can be applied to the machining of the surface of any metallic component and in particular to the machining of the internal surface of tubular components (5) such as penetrations in the vessel bottom or closure head of a nuclear reactor; in this case the electrochemical machining cell consists of a cylindrical tool electrode (9') placed inside the component to be machined.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 7, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 14, 1996
    Assignee: Framatome
    Inventors: Pierre Guillermier, Alain Blocquel
  • Patent number: 5507924
    Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of measuring, adjusting and uniformalizing a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, a method of cleaning an electric wire, a method of manufacturing a metal-covered electric wire, an apparatus for measuring a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, and an apparatus for electropolishing a metal-covered electric wire.Electric resistance values of first and second materials are previously stored respectively so that a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire is calculated on the basis of the as-stored values and an actually measured electric resistance value of the metal-covered electric wire. Measurement and uniformalization of a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire and cleaning of an electric wire are carried out by dissolving surface layer parts of the electric wires by electropolishing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 1994
    Date of Patent: April 16, 1996
    Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Akira Mikumo, Kenichi Takahashi, Masanobu Koganeya
  • Patent number: 5503718
    Abstract: A method of etching an aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, comprising the steps of electrolytically etching an aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors that has a high cubic texture in an electrolyte containing a chloride to form pits, and enlarging the pits formed in the above step by etching, in which step of forming pits the current density is increased from 0 to a maximum value quickly and then is decreased gradually.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 22, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 2, 1996
    Assignee: Nihon Chikudenki Kogyo Kabushiki
    Inventor: Kaoru Kakizakai
  • Patent number: 5500101
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of etching aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors that is improved in etching efficiency, wherein when the aluminum foil is etched by applying alternating current in an electrolytic solution containing chloride ions and the like, the alternating current contains, during the positive half period and the negative half period, two half waves having different waveforms, amplitudes, and applied times, and a rest period between the half waves with the amplitude being 0 or with microcurrent being applied on the positive side or the negative side at at most 1/15 of the maximum amplitude during a half period.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 9, 1994
    Date of Patent: March 19, 1996
    Assignee: Nihon Chikudenki Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Yoshio Yoneyama