Abstract: An electroforming method capable of suppressing peeling of an electroforming material from an electroforming master during electroforming, and controlling a shape of an electroforming material, and a method for producing an electroforming material are provided. The present invention is to provide the electroforming method including forming an electroforming material on a surface of an electroforming master in an electroforming liquid by using the electroforming master as a cathode, in which the electroforming master includes a conductive substrate having a pattern on a surface, the pattern having a protruding portion of which a surface is non-conductive, and an underlying layer that has a sheet resistance of 500 ?/sq or greater, and that is formed on at least a part of the surface of the substrate in an in-plane direction, and the method for producing an electroforming material.

Abstract: The electrohydrodynamic print head includes a nozzle layer with a plurality of nozzles. A feed layer is arranged above nozzle layer. It contains feed ducts for feeding ink to the nozzles as well as electrically conducting feed lines for feeding voltages to electrodes at nozzles. The feed layer includes one or more dielectric sublayers, which is/are structured to form the feed ducts and feed lines. Some of the sublayers contain vertical via sections and others contain horizontal interconnect sections. The feed layer is structured for customizing the print head easily.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catheter tip by electroplating a conductive material over an insert comprising a negative to a domelike shape thereby forming a shape of the catheter tip comprising a dome with the domelike shape, selectively positioning a plurality of irrigation holes between outer and inner surfaces of the catheter tip, removing the insert thereby leaving the catheter tip and the plurality of irrigation holes, and electropolishing the catheter tip. In other examples, the insert is not removed and instead the step of electroplating causes the insert to be encapsulated with the conductive material thereby forming the catheter tip.

Abstract: A housing for an electronic device including a marking comprising multiple pixels is disclosed herein. The housing comprises one or more oxide layer, such as a metal oxide layer, and the marking comprises pixels formed into or within the oxide layer. In some instances, the pixels cooperate to form an image along an exterior surface of the electronic device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nano-structured aluminum oxide film. The first step involves degreasing an aluminum plate using a degreasing solution. The next step involves electropolishing the aluminum plate after degreasing with an electropolishing solution that is free of perchloric acid and chromic acid. The next step involves pre-anodizing the aluminum plate after electropolishing with an anodization acid solution for a first predetermined time period. The next step involves anodizing the aluminum plate after electropolishing with the anodization acid solution for a second predetermined time period to form an anodized membrane on the aluminum plate. The next step involves separating the anodized membrane from the aluminum plate with a solution free of chrome. The last step involves cleaning the anodized membrane.

Abstract: An aerosol generator for generating an aerosol from a fluid, comprising: a vibratable membrane having a first side for being in contact with the fluid and an opposite second side, the membrane having a plurality of through holes penetrating the membrane in an extension direction from the first side to the second side, whereby the fluid passes the through holes from the first side to the second side when the membrane is vibrated for generating the aerosol at the second side, each through hole having along its extension direction a smallest diameter, a larger diameter that is larger than the smallest diameter and defined by that diameter that is closest to triple, preferably twice said smallest diameter, each through hole having a nozzle portion defined by that continuous portion of the through hole in the extension direction comprising the smallest diameter of the through hole and bordered by the larger diameter of the through hole, wherein the ratio of the total length of each through hole in the extension di

Abstract: In some embodiments, a screen printing plate 10 includes a metal mesh part 13 and a metal mask part 14 provided on one side of the metal mesh part 13 integrally with the metal mesh part 13. In addition, the metal mask part 14 has an opening part 14a, and when the dimension from the outer edge 14a2 of the opening part 14a to the metal mesh part 13 represents a fill depth, this fill depth is the largest in the part corresponding to the center area of the opening part 14a. The screen printing plate does not cause the actual printing thickness to vary easily, even when the target printing thickness is reduced.

Abstract: A metallic foil for lightning strike protection in a composite aerospace structure having a length, a width, and a thickness of not more than 30 microns. There are a plurality of pores of a predefined geometric shape extending through the thickness of the metallic foil and being distributed across a surface area defined by the length and the width of the metallic foil. The plurality of pores in the aggregate define an open area of not more than 40% of the surface area and the metallic foil has a weight of not more than 115 g/m2. The metallic foil has a weight to conductivity ratio of not more than 0.40 gram-ohms per square.

Abstract: Printbar modules and methods of forming printbars are described. In an example, a printbar module includes a printed circuit board (PCB), adhesive material, a printhead die sliver, and a slot extending through the PCB and the adhesive material to the printhead die sliver.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes oxidizing a substrate to form local oxide regions that extend above a top surface of the substrate. A membrane layer is formed over the local oxide regions and the top surface of the substrate. A portion of the substrate under the membrane layer is removed. The local oxide regions under the membrane layer is removed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing an aperture plate includes depositing a releasable seed layer above a substrate, applying a first patterned photolithography mask above the releasable seed layer, the first patterned photolithography mask having a negative pattern to a desired aperture pattern, electroplating a first material above the exposed portions of the releasable seed layer and defined by the first mask, applying a second photolithography mask above the first material, the second photolithography mask having a negative pattern to a first cavity, electroplating a second material above the exposed portions of the first material and defined by the second mask, removing both masks, and etching the releasable seed layer to release the first material and the second material. The first and second material form an aperture plate for use in aerosolizing a liquid. Other aperture plates and methods of producing aperture plates are described according to other embodiments.

Abstract: A metal electrode assembly for fuel cell applications includes a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, and an ion-conducting membrane disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer. The cathode catalyst layer or the anode layer each independently including a catalyst composition and a first polymer wherein at least one of the cathode catalyst layer or the anode layer include a first polymer and polyphenylene sulfide-containing structures. A method for making a fuel cell catalyst layer is also provided.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodizing and anodized films. The methods described can be used to form opaque and white anodized films on a substrate. In some embodiments, the methods involve forming anodized films having branched pore structures. The branched pore structure provides a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, the methods involve infusing metal complex ions within pores of an anodized. Once within the pores, the metal complex ions undergo a chemical change forming metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles provide a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, aspects of the methods for creating irregular or branched pores and methods for infusing metal complex ions within pores are combined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micro-lattice and, more particularly, to an ultra-light micro-lattice and a method for forming the same. The micro-lattice is a cellular material formed of interconnected hollow tubes. The cellular material has a relative density in a range of 0.001% to 0.3%, and a density of 0.9 mg/cc has been demonstrated. The cellular material also has the ability to recover from a deformation exceeding 50% strain.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous electroformed shell for forming a grain pattern and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes the step of causing an epoxy mandrel to be conductive by formation of a conductive thin film thereon; transferring a non-conductive masking pattern on the conductive thin film by using a masking film; generating and growing a fine pore at the position of the non-conductive masking pattern through electroforming; and demolding an electrodeposited layer having the fine pore from the epoxy mandrel, Through the disclosed method, precise control, both as a whole or in part, on a diameter, a formation position, and a density of a fine pore can be simply, economically, and efficiently can be carried out according to various curved shapes of the electroformed shell.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodizing and anodized films. The methods described can be used to form opaque and white anodized films on a substrate. In some embodiments, the methods involve forming anodized films having branched pore structures. The branched pore structure provides a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, the methods involve infusing metal complex ions within pores of an anodized. Once within the pores, the metal complex ions undergo a chemical change forming metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles provide a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, aspects of the methods for creating irregular or branched pores and methods for infusing metal complex ions within pores are combined.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a metal foam of at least one metal M having a porous micrometric structure, the method including a step of contact glow discharge electrolysis in an electrolytic plasma reduction conducted in an electrolytic solution in which are immersed an anode and a cathode connected to a continuous electrical power supply, the electrolytic solution including at least one first electrolyte in a solvent, the first electrolyte being the at least one metal M in cationic form, the electrolytic solution further including a gelatine, as well as a metal foam obtained by this method, and a device comprising such a foam.

Abstract: The invention provides a metallic foam material with better mechanical properties than known foamed materials, and a method of making such a material. Although known foamed metals are light in weight, and sandwich structures formed of such materials can be formed into structural components, the tendency for the structure to crush and fracture under compressive loading, with consequent crack propagation, limits their use in applications in which the integrity of the component is important. The invention addresses this problem by providing a fibre-reinforced foam that combines the tensile strength of a high strength fibre such as carbon fibres with the impact resistance (through crushing and deformation) of metallic foam. The metal foam imparts a greater strength to the carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) part of the structure than it would have by itself. Under tensile loads, the fibre reinforcement gives the metallic foam enhanced strength and low creep.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous metallic body at least includes a step of forming an electrically conductive coating layer on a surface of a skeleton of a three-dimensional network resin having a continuous pore by coating the surface with a coating material containing a carbon powder having a volume-average particle size of 10 ?m or less and at least one fine powder having a volume-average particle size of 10 ?m or less and selected from the group consisting of metal fine powders and metal oxide fine powders; a step of forming at least one metal plating layer; and a step of performing a heat treatment to remove the three-dimensional network resin and to cause reduction and thermal diffusion in the at least one metal or metal oxide fine powder and the at least one metal plating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous electroformed shell for forming a grain pattern and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes the step of implanting a fiber into a patterned surface of a negative-type silicone cast; applying, laminating, and curing an epoxy resin on the patterned surface of the negative-type silicone cast, and transferring the fiber from the negative-type silicone cast to an epoxy mandrel during demolding of the epoxy mandrel; forming a conductive thin film on the patterned surface of the epoxy mandrel, and causing the patterned surface to be conductive; removing the fiber having the conductive thin film from a surface of the epoxy mandrel; forming an electrodeposited layer by electrodepositing an electroforming metal on the conductive thin film while generating and growing a fine pore at a position of a hole due to the removal of the fiber; and demolding the electrodeposited layer having the fine pore from the epoxy mandrel.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture comprise a body. A porous material is plated on the body, the porous material comprising nickel having a plurality of pores disposed in a generally ordered array extending into the nickel. Methods of forming a porous material on a body comprise disposing an anode and a cathode in an electrolyte comprising nickel ions. An electrical signal is pulsed to at least one of the anode and the cathode. A porous material comprising nickel having a plurality of pores generally disposed in an ordered array extending into the nickel is deposited on the cathode.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous aluminum foil of the present invention is characterized in that a porous aluminum film is formed on a surface of a substrate by electrolysis using a plating solution containing at least (1) a dialkyl sulfone, (2) an aluminum halide, and (3) a nitrogen-containing compound, and having a water content of 100 to 2000 ppm, and then the film is separated from the substrate. The nitrogen-containing compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide, a hydrogen halide salt of a primary amine, a hydrogen halide salt of a secondary amine, a hydrogen halide salt of a tertiary amine, and a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the general formula: R1R2R3R4N.X (R1 to R4 independently represent an alkyl group and are the same as or different from one another, and X represents a counteranion for the quaternary ammonium cation).

Abstract: Composite materials with high damping and high stiffness at relatively low density. These materials include three-dimensional structures of interconnected ligaments, which have multiple concentric layers alternating between stiff constraining layers and soft damping layers, so that bulk deformation of the structure results in high local shear strain and correspondingly high bulk damping.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal filter comprises a lamination step, an exposure step, a development step, a plating step, a dissolution step, and a stripping step. The method is useful because it is possible to produce a metal filter in which there are not damages such as wrinkles, folds, scars, and curls and deformation of fine through-holes.

Abstract: A plasma device is disclosed. The plasma device includes: at least one electrode including a nanoporous dielectric layer disposed on at least a portion thereof, the nanoporous dielectric layer including a plurality of pores, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of pores include a catalyst embedded therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing multilayer anodized aluminium oxide nano-porous membrane and the membrane produced thereof. Further the invention relates to the nano-porous multi-layer membrane for filtration application. The three layered membrane of the present invention avoids sticking of solute components on the surface obviating the problem of coagulation. This membrane imparts anti coagulation capability wherein in-spite of sticking of the solute component on the surface of the membrane appropriate passage is still available for liquid/small solutes to pass beneath the said stuck solute component to enhance effective surface area for filtration obviating the problem associated with coagulation.

Abstract: A system and method for preparation of nano-porous membrane using anodized aluminium oxide and the membrane/film/thin lamina produced thereof. The system comprises a template forming device that comprises of two rolls provided with one or plurality of projections wherein the Al sheet is passed through the said rolls that are rotatable in opposite direction with respect to each other wherein in operation as the Al sheet is passed through the said rolls, the said projections of the rolls punch depressions to the predetermined depth in the said sheet wherein the depth of the depression is governed by the height of the projections. A method for preparation of anodized aluminum oxide nano-porous membrane comprising electro polishing of Al substrate; first step anodization; chemical etching of alumina; second stage anodization; etching Al for separation of alumina and barrier layer removal or voltage pulse detachment for barrier layer removal and detachment of membrane from Al substrate.

Abstract: A screen includes a framework of a first material having one or more openings therethrough defining a fluidic filter, and a substance of a second material positioned within the one or more openings in the framework and configured to be removable from the framework during an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A fabrication method for a flexible circuit board is provided. The fabrication method includes the following steps. Firstly, a release film having an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to each other is provided. Next, two flexible substrates are respectively disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface. Next, a plurality of nano-scale micro-pores are formed on each flexible substrate to form two non-smooth flexible substrates. The nano-scale micro-pores evenly distributed over an outer surface of each non-smooth flexible substrate. Each non-smooth flexible substrate being adapted to be performed a plating process directly on the outer surface thereof.

Abstract: Diaphragms for electrostatic actuators for inkjet printers and methods for manufacturing are provided. The method includes electroplating a first layer on a mandrel, and applying a photoresist to the first layer. The method also includes electroplating a second layer on the first layer adjacent the photoresist, such that the first and second layers form a substantially homogenous structure, and separating the photoresist from the first and second layers to expose one or more flexure recesses where the photoresist was positioned, with the diaphragm having a reduced stiffness proximal the flexure recess.

Abstract: A photo-resist (21) is applied in a pattern of vertical columns having the dimensions of holes or pores of the aperture plate to be produced. This mask pattern provides the apertures which define the aerosol particle size, having up to 2500 holes per square mm. There is electro-deposition of metal (22) into the spaces around the columns (21). There is further application of a second photo-resist mask (25) of much larger (wider and taller) columns, encompassing the area of a number of first columns (2)1. The hole diameter in the second plating layer is chosen according to a desired flow rate.

Abstract: A reinforced porous metal foil is provided which comprises a porous portion comprising a two-dimensional network structure composed of a metal fiber; and a reinforced portion which is substantially non-porous or less porous than the porous portion, the reinforced portion being composed of the same metal the metal fiber and being continuous and integral with the porous portion. With such features, it possible to obtain a porous metal foil having superior properties at a low cost in a highly productive manner that is also suitable for continuous production.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an anodized film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) providing a multilayer structure that includes a base, a sacrificial layer which is provided on the base and which contains aluminum, and an aluminum layer which is provided on a surface of the sacrificial layer; (b) partially anodizing the aluminum layer to form a porous alumina layer which has a plurality of minute recessed portions; and (c) after step (b), separating the porous alumina layer from the multilayer structure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a self-supporting anodized film which includes a porous alumina layer can be manufactured more conveniently as compared with the conventional methods.

Abstract: Provided is a method for readily removing urethane resin without causing oxidation of aluminum, from an aluminum structure in which an aluminum film is formed on the surface of a urethane resin porous body having a three-dimensional network structure: a method for producing an aluminum porous body, including forming an aluminum film having a purity of 99.9% by mass or more on a surface of a urethane resin porous body having a three-dimensional network structure to provide an aluminum structure including the urethane resin porous body and the aluminum film, and subjecting the aluminum structure to a heat treatment at 370° C. or more and less than 660° C. in the air to remove urethane resin and to provide an aluminum porous body.

Abstract: A stent including hollow struts is formed on a cylindrical substrate. The struts of the stent are formed by electroforming metal layers of the strut in openings formed in a patterned photoresist material. A first metal layer forming the inner strut material is formed in openings in a first photoresist material. A sacrificial material to form the cavity to make the struts hollow is formed in openings in a second photoresist material. A second metal layer forming the side walls and outer wall of the struts is formed in openings in a third photoresist material and around the sacrificial material. The photoresist materials are removed. The substrate and cavity sacrificial material are removed, leaving hollow struts formed into a stent pattern. The hollow struts may be filled with a therapeutic substance for elution. Openings through the struts to the cavity may be formed during the forming process.

Abstract: The present application relates to Nanoparticle bioengineering techniques were used to produce a non-toxic polypyrrole composition having two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures that can optionally be co-polymerized with carboxylic acid moieties to possess hydrophilicity. Likewise, such polypyrrole/carboxylic acid structures may be further modified with neural growth factors to create treatment surfaces that can promote growth an differentiation of cells such as neurons.

Abstract: In a through hole closing process, a metal plate is attached to one surface of a conductive base member having a plurality of through holes by the use of a magnet, in a copper plating process, a copper plating layer is formed on the conductive base member and the metal plate exposed within the through holes, from the side of the conductive base member where the metal plate is not attached, thereby to fill up the through holes, in a film forming process, a Pd alloy film is formed by plating on the surface of the conductive base member after removal of the metal plate, and in a removal process, the copper plating layer is removed by selective etching, thereby to produce a hydrogen production filter that is used in a reformer of a fuel cell so as to be capable of stably producing high purity hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A porous resin article having a three-dimensional network structure is used. A resin molded body at least the surface of which has been subjected to conductive treatment is plated with aluminum in a molten salt bath to form an aluminum structure, thus forming a porous aluminum that includes an aluminum layer having a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 ?m, has an aluminum purity of 98.0% or more and a carbon content of 1.0% or more and 2% or less, and contains inevitable impurities as the balance. Even with a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, this allows the surface of the porous resin molded body to be plated with aluminum, thus forming a high-purity aluminum structure having a uniform thick film.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of an aluminum structure, including a conductive treatment process of forming an electrically conductive layer on a surface of a resin molded body, the electrically conductive layer being made of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, and aluminum, and a plating process of plating the resin molded body subjected to the conductive treatment process with aluminum in a molten salt bath. The manufacturing method of an aluminum structure allows aluminum plating on the surface of even a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure. In particular, there is also provided a manufacturing method of an aluminum structure that can form porous aluminum having a large area.

Abstract: A method of making colloidal sphere templates and the sphere-templated porous materials made from the templates. The templated porous materials or thin films comprise micron and submicron-scaled spheres in ordered, disordered, or partially ordered arrays. The invention is useful in the synthesis of submicron porous, metallic tin-based and other high capacity anode materials with controlled pore structures for application in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The expected benefits of the resulting nanostructured metal films include a large increase in lithium storage capacity, rate capability, and improved stability with electrochemical cycling.

Abstract: A method of making colloidal sphere templates and the sphere-templated porous materials made from the templates. The templated porous materials or thin films comprise micron and submicron-scaled spheres in ordered, disordered, or partially ordered arrays. The invention is useful in the synthesis of submicron porous, metallic tin-based and other high capacity anode materials with controlled pore structures for application in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The expected benefits of the resulting nanostructured metal films include a large increase in lithium storage capacity, rate capability, and improved stability with electrochemical cycling.

Abstract: A stent including hollow struts is formed on a cylindrical substrate. The struts of the stent are formed by electroforming metal layers of the strut in openings formed in a patterned photoresist material. A first metal layer forming the inner strut material is formed in openings in a first photoresist material. A sacrificial material to form the cavity to make the struts hollow is formed in openings in a second photoresist material. A second metal layer forming the side walls and outer wall of the struts is formed in openings in a third photoresist material and around the sacrificial material. The photoresist materials are removed. The substrate and cavity sacrificial material are removed, leaving hollow struts formed into a stent pattern. The hollow struts may be filled with a therapeutic substance for elution. Openings through the struts to the cavity may be formed during the forming process.

Abstract: A structural element used for attenuating aviation turbine noise is provided with pores (1, 2) embodied in the form of cylindrical channels which are open on the first ends inside the turbine housing and closed on the opposite ends thereof, wherein the diameter (D) of each channel ranges approximately from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, each channel is remote at least along one part of the length thereof from the closest neighbors at a minimum distance ranging approximately from 0.02 to 0.3 mm and the ratio between the channel length and diameter thereof is of the order of 102.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous electroformed shell for forming a grain pattern and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes the step of implanting a fiber into a patterned surface of a negative-type silicone cast; applying, laminating, and curing an epoxy resin on the patterned surface of the negative-type silicone cast, and transferring the fiber from the negative-type silicone cast to an epoxy mandrel during demolding of the epoxy mandrel; forming a conductive thin film on the patterned surface of the epoxy mandrel, and causing the patterned surface to be conductive; removing the fiber having the conductive thin film from a surface of the epoxy mandrel; forming an electrodeposited layer by electrodepositing an electroforming metal on the conductive thin film while generating and growing a fine pore at a position of a hole due to the removal of the fiber; and demolding the electrodeposited layer having the fine pore from the epoxy mandrel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal membrane filter (1) and to a method and apparatus for the production thereof. The metal membrane filter (1) has rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2), which are arranged statistically distributed on the metal membrane filter surface (3) in a density of from a single filter pore (2) per cm2 up to 107 filter pores (2) per cm2. The average diameter of the filter pores (2) is uniform for all filter pores (2) and is from a few tens of nm up to several micrometers. The metal membrane filter (1) comprises a metal electro-deposited with rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2) or a correspondingly electro-deposited metal alloy.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an orifice plate with high density arrays of nozzles entails disposing a photoresist layer on a glass with a metalized layer forming a photomask blank and patterning the photomask blank with one or more openings. Second openings are formed by etching through the initial openings into the photoresist layer. The photoresist layer is removed and a second photoresist layer is added to the formed patterned structure forming a mandrel. One or more rings are patterned onto the mandrel. Each ring has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the second openings and an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the second openings. The mandrel with formed rings is plated with a metal forming an orifice plate. The orifice plate is separated from the patterned mandrel, forming an orifice plate with a high density array of nozzles.

Abstract: A metal screen material (32) having a flat side, in particular electroformed screen material, preferably seamless cylindrical screen material, comprises a network of dikes (34) which are connected to one another by intersections (36), which dikes (34) delimit openings (30). The height of the crossing points (36) is not equal to the height of the dikes (34). The metal screen material (32) or a combination thereof with a perforating screen (17) can he used as a perforating stencil for the perforation of film material (2), for example made from plastic material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an injector plate is provided where a wafer is provided and a release layer is disposed on the wafer. Then a photo resist is formed over the release layer. After photolithography processing, a plurality of plugs are formed from the photo resist. A titanium layer is sputtered on the release layer and on the plurality of plugs. The plugs are removed so that the titanium layer has a plurality of openings. An injector plate fabricated from this method has the characteristics of biocompatibility with a plurality of fine-pitch openings with uniform diameters.

Abstract: Anion exchange materials impregnated with oxygen-containing metal compounds within the exchange matrix as a sorbent, and a method for preparation. The materials remove arsenic and other ligands or contaminants from water and other fluid streams.

Abstract: Various structures or components can include plated surfaces or other parts. For example, an article can include a base and a plated part with a limit artifact that results from plating adjacent a non-plateable surface; the limit artifact can be disposed away from the base. Exemplary limit artifacts include lack of protrusions, smooth upper surfaces, and curved surfaces, where a curved surface can transition between a smooth upper surface and an irregular side surface. Exemplary plated structures can be tube-shaped or cup-shaped, with an opening at a top end and, around the opening, a lip with a limit artifact. Wall-like structures can similarly have limit artifacts at their top end. If plating on a mold's side surface, the non-plateable surface can be the lower surface of an overhanging polymer disk or structure positioned on the mold. Plated tubes and wall-like structures can be employed in microfluidic structures.