Abstract: A case having an ultrasonic seal around a record, wherein the case is capable of displaying one or multiple records in a linear arrangement. The disc display case includes a disc case having a first base plate mounted to a disc plate, wherein the disc case includes an ultrasonic seal and can house a vinyl record. In some embodiments, an album case, formed by a second base plate mounted to an album plate, is connected to the disc case to form a side-to-side arrangement. The album case can house an album cover. In some embodiments, the album case is designed to receive a double album cover instead of a single album cover to accommodate a thicker, double album cover. In some embodiments, the disc case and the album case are pivotally connected to one another.

Abstract: A slide handling system is disclosed. The system has a carrier comprising a retention hole, a compartment configured to accept the carrier, and a spacer disposed so as to engage the retention hole when the carrier is fully seated in the compartment.

Abstract: A commodity imaging apparatus in which a camera does not protrude into a space above a commodity placement table is provided. A commodity imaging apparatus (10) includes a commodity placement table (1), a support pillar (2), and an imaging unit (3). The commodity placement table (1) includes a roughly square placement surface (1e). The support pillar (2) is disposed at one corner (1a) of the placement surface (1e). The imaging unit (3) is disposed in the support pillar (2) so as to take an image of a commodity (G1) placed on the placement surface (1e) from obliquely above the commodity (G1). A camera (31) of the imaging unit (3) does not protrude into a space above the commodity placement table (1).

Abstract: A foldable case having an ultrasonic seal around a record, wherein the case is capable of displaying one or multiple records in a linear arrangement. The foldable disc display case includes a disc case having a first base plate mounted to a disc plate, wherein the disc case includes an ultrasonic seal and can house a vinyl record. An album case, formed by a second base plate mounted to an album plate, is pivotally connected to the disc case via a hinge to form a side-to-side arrangement. The album case can house an album cover. In some embodiments, the album case is designed to receive a double album cover instead of a single album cover to accommodate a thicker, double album cover. A hinge spacer is mounted between the hinge and the base plates to allow the disc case and the album case to be coplanar with one another.

Abstract: A jewellery case includes a base to which a jewellery mount is pivotally mounted, and a lid slidably coupled to the base. The jewellery mount is designed to temporarily hold a piece of jewellery such as an engagement or wedding ring.

Abstract: A multi device system includes a rack with a rack slot. A device chassis is positioned in the rack slot. The device chassis includes first device slot with a first device entrance, and a second device slot with a second device entrance. A first device stop member extends from the device chassis and into the first device slot. The distance between the first device stop member and the first device entrance is adjustable, and the first device stop member is configured to move a first device in the first device slot through the first device entrance. A second device stop member extends from the device chassis and into the second device slot. The distance between the second device stop member and the second device entrance is adjustable, and the second device stop member is configured to move a second device in the second device slot through the second device entrance.

Abstract: A stair-step, expandable file folder is disclosed, in which each pocket in the folder has the same depth, rather than the back pockets being deeper than the front pockets. The folder is formed from a unitary insert divider web. The divider is suspended above the floor of the folder by tabs which are affixed to the folder walls and by attachment to the inside from and back panels of the folder.

Abstract: An improved moving step article construction and method of making is disclosed. The moving step article comprises an exterior cover having a hinge fold positioned between a front cover and a rear cover. The front cover has an obverse side and a reverse side. The rear cover has an obverse side and a reverse side. An interior leaf has an obverse side, a reverse side, an inner edge and an outer edge. The interior leaf defines a leaf width. A binder couples the inner edge of the interior leaf with the reverse side of the front cover for defining a leaf offset dimension between the hinge fold and the inner edge of the interior leaf. The leaf offset causes the interior leaf to be displaced relative to the rear cover during pivoting the front cover between a closed position and an open position.

Abstract: A display case assembly provided for simultaneously displaying a phonograph record cover and a phonograph record. The display case assembly comprises a base member having a planar bottom panel and a wall member extending upwardly from the bottom panel at an edge thereof, a mounting post projecting from the bottom panel for mounting the phonograph record thereon, a generally planar and transparent cover panel mounted on the wall member of the base member, and an edge trim member clamping together the cover panel and the base member at the edge of the bottom panel along a perimeter of the bottom panel. The shallow tray is dimensioned to receive the phonograph record cover to display therein between the wall member and the mounting post. The cover panel is made of a transparent material and dimensioned to overlay and cover an open top of the base member.

Abstract: A secure carrier assembly for media devices and media content. The assembly includes a carrier having a front panel, a rear panel, and an intermediate panel. At least one panel of the carrier comprises a durable polymeric material, such as a lens sheet assembly including a lens sheet, and an image layer. The carrier with lens sheet assembly provides enhanced security features, increased durability, and eye-catching features compared to traditional carrier or packaging assemblies.

Abstract: A disk storage system for disks having a central opening includes a set of hingedly connectable disk trays, a pair of axle members for attachment to one of the trays on an axle axis thereof, and a storage container having hinge pedestals for engagement by the axle members. Hinged connections between adjacent trays is by tabs that are pivotable on respective hinge axes of the different trays, the tabs being engagable with respective tab cavities of adjacent trays.

Abstract: A secure carrier assembly for media devices. The assembly includes a carrier having a front panel, a rear panel, and an intermediate panel. At least one panel of the carrier comprises a durable polymeric material, such as a lens sheet assembly including a lens sheet, and an image layer. The carrier with lens sheet assembly provides enhanced security features, increased durability, and eye-catching features compared to traditional carrier or packaging assemblies.

Abstract: A case for storing a storage medium device, such as a compact disc or digital video disc, wherein the storage medium itself is used to transition the case from an unlocked position to a locked position, and vice versa. The case includes a front cover having a pocket, wherein when the storage medium is loaded in the pocket, the storage medium may be accessed via a latch window provided in the front cover, and moved to transition the case between the locked and unlocked positions. The latch window also provides the user with visual access to the interior of the pocket to determine whether a storage medium is loaded therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telecommunications termination panel with a housing including a front opening and a rear opening. Pivotably mounted within the housing is a tray within the front opening, pivoting about a vertical axis located adjacent a first side of the housing. A cable path is defined along a bottom of the housing along the first side between the cable entry of the tray and the rear opening. A movable plate is positioned adjacent the first side and is movable between a first position defining an upper limit of the cable path when the tray is closed and a second position allowing access to the cable path when the tray is open. The movement of the plate between the first and second positions is actuated by the movement of the tray between the closed and open positions. The present invention further relates to a telecommunications termination panel with a housing including a front opening.

Abstract: An improved digital media enclosure having two primary components, a sleeve into which the digital media is placed, and an envelope into which the sleeve is placed. At least one surface of the sleeve is printed with a plurality of identification markings on at least one of the sleeve's outer surfaces. The identification markings are each positioned at a first radial distance from a center of the sleeve in regularly angled intervals around the center. The envelope includes a pocket into which the sleeve fits. There is an opening in the envelope pocket located at substantially the first radial distance from the planar center of the sleeve pocket. The opening is also positioned at a same angle as the identification markings, such that any of the identification markings will show through the opening when the sleeve is placed in the sleeve pocket in any of its possible orientations.

Abstract: A disc storage container for holding multiple discs comprising, a front container cover, a back container cover, and a spine, and attachment means on the spine, the front container cover and back container cover being moveable between a container open position enabling access to the contents of the container and a container closed position for storage purposes. A multi-tray assembly for retaining a plurality of discs within the container, the multi-tray assembly comprising two connectors and two trays for retaining and holding discs, each connector comprising a container-engaging member for engaging to the attachment means on the spine of the container and two holding means for rotatably holding a respective tray, so that each tray can be rotated about the holding means of the connectors to allow access to the discs retained by the trays when the container is in a container open position.

Abstract: An album system and components thereof. The system is an improved book-like system for use as a photo album, scrapbook or the like. Embodiments include leaves and covers which can be reversibly attached by a hook and loop attachment system and leaves that significantly reduce the accidental spilling of the contents stored for display in such albums. In some embodiments, each rectangular leaf is made from two sheets of polypropylene sealed together on all four edges, there is slit in a single sheet, near (but not at) one edge, and the opposite a region near the opposite edge is surfaced with one component of a hook and loop attachment system.

Abstract: A multiple information disc housing for storing optical discs and including a first housing part (3), a second housing part (5) and an intermediate third housing part (7) arranged between the first and second housing parts. The first housing part is a lid part and the second housing part is a bottom part. The lid part being provided with hinge elements formed as lid part hinge arms (31A, B). The bottom part is provided with hinge elements formed as bottom part corner recesses (37A, B). The intermediate housing part is provided with intermediate housing part hinge elements of two different kinds, (i) intermediate housing part hinge arms (39A, B) and (ii) intermediate housing part corner recesses (41 A, B). Each hinge arm extends into a corresponding corner recess and is rotatably coupled to a respective recessed hinge wall to form a corner hinge.

Abstract: A boxed disc package has a box with a base and a foldable rigid creased board having multiple parallel creases. Mounting board-receiving panels and spines are formed and separated by the creases. Plural tray-holding boards are mounted on the board-receiving panels. Plural disc-holding trays are mounted on the plural tray-holding boards. One of the board-receiving panels of the foldable right creased board is secured in the box base. The remaining board-receiving panels with the attached tray-holding boards, trays and discs are folded around the spines for overlying each other and folding into the box base.

Abstract: A container may include a sheet having a first side and a second side. The sheet may be foldable such that a first portion of the first side faces a second portion of the first side. The container may also include a first pocket member connected to the first portion, a second pocket member connected to the second portion, and a third pocket member connected to the second pocket member. The first pocket member and the first portion may cooperate to define a first pocket configured to receive a first portion of printed material. The second pocket member and the second portion may cooperate to define a second pocket configured to receive a second portion of the printed material. The third pocket member and the second pocket member may cooperate to define a third pocket configured to receive at least one media disc.

Abstract: A package includes a stack of hinged trays for holding media discs, having a flexible hinge member affixed to the hinge edges of the trays, mounted in a protective container having a base, a spine and a cover. The bottom tray in the stack is mounted in the base for pivotal movement about the tray edge opposite the hinge edge, whereby, as trays are pivoted about the flexible hinge member from the stack onto a second stack, the hinge edge of the bottom tray pivots away from the base when the second stack contains at least one more tray than the original stack. Pivotal mounting is achieved by providing a slot on the bottom tray which engages slot receiving means mounted on the base.

Abstract: CD Holder, Protector and Information System. The system incorporates a plurality of sheets of material that are sized and shaped to form, when folded, a holder for CDs that also protects the CDs and in addition provides a plurality of surfaces on which to place printed information regarding the CD as to content, performers and other particulars. In addition the sheets may be used for artistic renderings, drawings or pictures relating to the performance that is on the CDs.

Abstract: A hanging file system for compact disks and other small planar objects is provided. The system includes hanging file folders that are shrunken compared to standard letter sized or legal sized hanging file folders. The hanging file folder has open sides and two permanently fixed hangers. The hangers are separated by a fixed length which is less than 11 inches. An envelope can be used in conjunction with the hanging file folders to protect each compact disk stored in the hanging file folder. Thus, several CDs in their envelopes can be accommodated in each hanging file folder without risk of scratching. An identifying tab and label can be provided for each folder. A printed insert piece can be included in each folder along with compact disks. An adapter can be used to turn a standard letter or legal filing drawer into a drawer for holding at least two rows of hanging files for CDs. Alternatively, a portable container is provided sized for carrying the shrunken hanging file folders and their CDs.

Abstract: A media storage container has at least one media storage tray connected to a flexible cover with a mechanical connection. One embodiment of the media storage container includes two media storage trays connected together with a mechanical connection that traps an inner cover member between the media storage trays to connect the cover to the trays. Embodiments are provided wherein the inner cover member is connected to one outer cover member and two outer cover members.

Abstract: Novel optical disc storage units comprising transparent polypropylene are provided. Such storage units exhibit sufficient impact resistance to protect the target disc and sufficient clarity that any informational literature may be placed entirely within the storage unit and easily viewed and read through the walls thereof without impediment. Furthermore, the target storage unit must also include a spine section of sufficient width to permit a section of the informational literature to be placed internally thereon and viewed and easily read (such as, for example, the title and accompanying language describing the target disc placed therein) substantially without impediment as well. Specific novel storage units, in addition to these necessarily transparent walls and spine portions, are also possible to maximize the benefits of the transparent properties thereof.

Abstract: A package for holding multiple media discs includes a stack of disc-holding trays, and a flexible hinge member affixed to hinge edges of each tray, which secures the trays in relation to each other. The stack of trays may be mounted onto a panel of a folded jacket, or inserted into a sleeve. Further described are fastening means for holding the package closed, and methods for manufacturing packages for holding multiple media discs.

Abstract: A CD box, wherein a connecting plate between two body parts forms a pair of engaging hooks, one end of each engaging hook is connected to the connecting plate to form a connecting end, and the other end forms an open tailing end, so that round holes on thin CD sleeves can be slipped over the engaging hook from the open tailing end. The open tailing ends extend down over the upper surface of the connecting plate, so that the thin CD sleeves with round holes are not subjected to sliding out of the open tailing ends.

Abstract: A inverted U-shaped retainer clip is provided for securing sleeves to a binder for storing and protecting disc type objects. One embodiment of the retainer clip includes a body portion as well as downwardly extending legs on each end. Each leg terminates in a coupling device having outwardly extending fingers having a notch on the outer surface of each finger. A pair of receptacles is used in conjunction with each clip and is designed to receive the coupling devices and engage the notch on each finger to secure the clip within the receptacles. The receptacles are installed in the binder through the back side of apertures formed in a reinforcement strip provided on the inside of the spine. After the sleeves are threaded on the body portion of the clip the ends are inserted into the receptacles to permanently retain the sleeves and clip in the binder.

Abstract: A CD case in the form of a hinged clamshell is provided with a transparent display window central to one surface of the case, with the case being provided with CD holders within the case mounted in such a way that the central portion of the CD is exposed through the transparent central window. The CD case permits the display of indicia on the CD contained therein through the window, or in an alternative embodiment a centrally apertured pocket is placed between the CD case window and the interior of the case, with the pocket being adapted to house indicia-carrying inserts for displaying the indicia through the central CD case window. In one embodiment, scratching of the window is minimized through the utilization of a piping detail around the periphery the window which spaces the exterior surface of the case from the exterior surface of the window, thus providing protection for the window.

Abstract: A CD storage case has two holders and two racks mounted between the holders. The racks between the holders could be folded inside the holders. When no CD cases put on the CD storage case, the racks could be folded to decrease whole volume.

Abstract: A boxed disc package has a box with a base and a foldable rigid creased board having multiple parallel creases. Mounting board-receiving panels and spines are formed and separated by the creases. Plural tray-holding boards are mounted on the board-receiving panels. Plural disc-holding trays are mounted on the plural tray-holding boards. One of the board-receiving panels of the foldable right creased board is secured in the box base. The remaining board-receiving panels with the attached tray-holding boards, trays and discs are folded around the spines for overlying each other and folding into the box base.

Abstract: A self-illuminated storage and carrying case for storage and transportation of generally laminar stored objects is described. The case includes at least one, but usually several, storage sheets, each sheet having pockets which are generally inclusive of the outline of the stored objects and adapted to retain the objects securely and in position. The pockets are adapted to allow any matter printed on the stored object to be read. Each sheet is secured by one edge into a cover having a front and back portion, and is retained between the front and back covers. On the non-secured edges of at least some of the sheets, illuminating elements having a generally cable-like form factor are affixed. The illuminating elements may be electroluminescent filaments, fiber optic strands, or other illuminating elements of similar form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a housing device for compact disks. The housing device includes stackable and bookbindable CD trays, each of which has clip pegs with a hole defined at a center portion of each CD tray. A compact disc can be released by pushing a non-data portion thereof through a release opening defined adjoining the hole in each CD tray. An adhesive tape can be affixed to one side ends of the CD trays and a lock band can be attached to the other side ends of the CD trays, to bookbind the CD trays together.

Abstract: A book bag for easy carrying and accessing includes a detachable wallet styled book assembly. The wallet has multiple pages with transparent sleeves so that information can be presented much as a conventional book. This book bag permits a particular subject area to be collated and presented as a book within a book bag. The book does not require removal from the book bag. The detachable wallet can be quickly and conveniently replaced with another so that updating new study material for students or others can be easily performed.

Abstract: A CD case in the form of a hinged clamshell is provided with a transparent display window central to one surface of the case, with the case being provided with CD holders within the case mounted in such a way that the central portion of the CD is exposed through the transparent central window. The CD case permits the display of indicia on the CD contained therein through the window, or in an alternative embodiment a centrally apertured pocket is placed between the CD case window and the interior of the case, with the pocket being adapted to house indicia-carrying inserts for displaying the indicia through the central CD case window. In one embodiment, scratching of the window is minimized through the utilization of a piping detail around the periphery the window which spaces the exterior surface of the case from the exterior surface of the window, thus providing protection for the window.

Abstract: A portable disc holder comprises a frame member 1 adapted to circumferentially surround a disc at the disc's edges and being at least partially in contact therewith to restrain planar movement of the disc when held in the frame member, the frame member 1 including flange means 7, 8 for preventing or inhibiting planar movement of the disc, and remote from the flange means 7, 8 on a generally opposite portion of the frame member 1 a resiliently moveable means 7, 8 adapted to restrain planar movement of an adjacent edge portion of the disc when the disc is mounted in the frame member 1, the resiliently moveable flange means 7, 8 permitting entry of the disc into the frame member 1 following resilient deformation of the flange.

Abstract: A portable storage container (10) having a base shell (12) and cover shell (14) is disclosed. The shells (12) and (14) are planar and generally circular in shape with the exception of a spine (16) spanning between and integrally joining the base and cover shells (12) and (14). Disc shaped recesses (16) and (18) in combination with tine type gripping components (20) and (22) grip a compact disc within each base and cover shell (12) and (14). A groove (48) located equidistant between the centers of the shells (12) and (14) on the spine (16) forms a live hinge. The cover shell (14) may be bent towards the base shell (12), encasing the compact discs held in the disc shaped recess (16) and (18) of the shells (12) and (14). A locking mechanism maintains the storage container 10 in the closed position until opened by the user. Two tabs (36) with apertures (38) allow the storage container (10) to be removably mounted in a ring binder.

Abstract: A system for storage, display, retrieval and transportation of flat media includes a base having an upper flat top surface. A pair of diverging rigid wings mount into a pair of slots selected form a laterally extending array of slots across the top surface of the base. At least one clamp for clamping common side edges of flat media storage ages is releasably mountable onto the top surface of the base between the pair of wings so as to provide for expandable storage of clamped packets of storage pages. A clamped packet of storage pages is also releasably mountable into a more readily portable transportation device such as a wallet.

Abstract: A storage package for a recording medium configured to resemble a book includes a paper board panel, releasably attached to first and second plastic, recording medium-holding components, each including a planar surface having means on one face for holding a recording. Upstanding wall portions on one of the components nest within the corresponding wall portions of the other component when the components are assembled together. The paper board panel is uncreased, unscored and unfolded and includes first and second panel areas for adhesive attachment of the plastic components. During assembly, the paper board panel is tautly stretched about and adhesively bonded to the assembled plastic components along the faces of the planar surfaces opposite the recording medium holding faces and along a transverse spline edge of the assembled, the creases defining the spline of the book being formed in the paper board panel during adhesive bonding.

Abstract: An insert for a magazine or book has a recording medium compartment defining a top edge, a bottom edge and two lateral side edges. Two of the edges are closed at all times, one of the edges is initially open for passage therethrough of a recording medium into the compartment (and then closed), and another of the edges is initially closed but openable for passage therethrough of the recording medium out of the compartment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CD case. The CD case has a CD holder plate for carrying a compact disc, and a sleeve jacket. The CD holder plate has a body and a title bar which is integrally formed with a proximal end of the body. A distal end of the body of the CD holder plate possesses an upward curved edge portion so that the CD holder plate can be easily slid into the sleeve jacket. The CD holder plate is formed with a circular liner ridge. A bole is defined at a center of the CD holder plate inward of the circular liner ridge. Three spring brakes arc formed on an inner edge of the CD holder plate which inner edge defines the hole, in a manner such that they are spaced apart one from another in a circumferential direction. Clip pegs are respectively formed on free ends of the spring brakes to grasp the compact disc. Three guide pieces are formed on the inner edge of the CD holder plate which inner edge defines the hole, in a manner such that they are respectively opposed to the three spring brakes.

Abstract: A storage device for plate-shaped data carriers, said storage device being box-shaped and comprising a first and a second cover part, pivotally connected, wherein fixing means are provided for fixing the data carrier within the storage device, the storage device being injection molded from plastic, in particular polypropylene or the like, and being closable, and protective means being integrally injection molded in the storage device during manufacture.

Abstract: A combination compact disc holder and informational booklet comprising a cover and a plurality of pages, the cover and pages being made of substantially rectangular paper sheets, the cover being of heavier stock and including at least one pocket having such size and shape as to retain a compact disc therein, and the pages being of lighter stock and carrying printed information concerning the content of the compact disc stored in the at least one pocket, the pages being folded and sewn along a fold line and the cover being glued to an outer surface of an outermost page.

Abstract: A dual pocket or envelope for CDs or DVDs is formed of two standard letter size sheets of 8½″×11″ or A-4 size paper, which are bonded together around the edges of the sheets and centrally to divide the sheet assembly into two pockets which are substantially square to hold the discs. One of the sheets is die cut to form the upper edge of the pockets, with a closure flap also being formed above each pocket. Each closure flap may be held in the closed position by mechanical interlinking with the pocket, or by exposed pressure sensitive adhesive, which is enabled and exposed by the removal of a release coated slip of paper from one of the two sheets. An index tab may be die cut from said sheets above the open edge of each pocket.

Abstract: A combination compact disc holder and informational booklet comprising a cover and a plurality of pages, the cover and pages being made of substantially rectangular paper sheets, the cover being of heavier stock and including at least one pocket having such size and shape as to retain a compact disc therein, and the pages being of lighter stock and carrying printed information concerning the content of the compact disc stored in the at least one pocket, the pages being folded and sewn along a fold line and the cover being glued to an outer surface of an outermost page. The holder/booklet may include at least one compact disc pocket formed of heat-sealable materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a CD-ROM holder that is suitable for binding by being saddle stitched, sewn, or the like.

Abstract: A media storage unit is made by z-folding either a joined or a continuous web of material planes forming a plurality of N overlaid material planes. The material planes have tabs extending from both non-folded sides symmetrical about a center line of each material plane. Slits are made starting on each non folded side and extending a length towards the center of each material plane. The two slits on each material plane are made at the mid-point of the material planes between the tabs allowing the tabs be separated. Opposing tabs on each side of the overlaid material planes and closest to a folded side are joined with a corresponding tab on a adjacent overlaid plane, the opposing tabs are deflected and joined in opposite directions. The joined tabs become the retaining side members of a plurality of pockets formed by the overlaid material planes. The folded sides become the bottoms of sequential pockets with openings in opposite directions.

Abstract: The compact disk carrying case has two clam-shell members as an outer enclosure with mating interfacing edges and a closure system, such as a zipper. A plurality of compact disk carrying plates are disposed in the case and opposing plates are hinged together by plate hinge segments along a spine. Hinge segments form progressively increasing larger spanning hinges from interior plates to the outer plates. The maximum spanning hinge is disposed proximate the clam-shell member hinge, any intermediate spanning hinge or hinges (if present) are disposed intermediate, and the minimum spanning hinge is disposed in an interior region such that respective opposing plates are proximately facing each other when the CD carrying case is closed. The spanning hinges may be permanently mounted or removably mounted. The plates may carry a plurality of CD pouches.

Abstract: A disc box comprises a first box body and a second box body connected with one side of the first box body by a resilient connecting strip. A peripheral frame is upwardly and downwardly disposed along the other three sides of each the first box body and the second box body. A front face of the peripheral frame is formed with an inward recess. A pairs of holes corresponding to each other are formed on respective sides of the first box body and the second box body, respectively. The center portions of two sides of the first box body are formed with a male clip and a female clip, while the center portions of two sides of the second box body are also formed a female clip and a male clip.

Abstract: A disc storage case is disclosed for storing discs in a convenient, user-friendly arrangement. The disc storage case allows users to store discs in protective sleeves which are mounted to one or more panels of the storage case rather than mounted at the center of the case. The sleeves are mounted to the panels by a holder mechanism through at least one hole in the sleeve along the sleeve edge. The disc storage case is easier to operate since the holder mechanism does not interfere with the hinge between the side panels. Additionally, the disc storage case stores the discs in a flatter design to maximize the amount of discs that may be stored in a case. The flatter design of the disc storage case of the present invention also reduces the likelihood of spilling the discs and is easier to operate in small spaces since the case does not need to be fully opened to locate and retrieve or insert discs.