Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disposed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an addled silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C. wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a regenerated hydrotreatment catalyst regenerated from a hydrotreatment catalyst for treating a petroleum fraction, the hydrotreatment catalyst being prepared by supporting molybdenum and at least one species selected from metals of Groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table on an inorganic carrier containing an aluminum oxide, wherein a residual carbon content is in the range of 0.15 mass % to 3.0 mass %, a peak intensity of a molybdenum composite metal oxide with respect to an intensity of a base peak is in the range of 0.60 to 1.10 in an X-Ray diffraction spectrum, and a peak intensity of a Mo—S bond derived from a residual sulfur peak with respect to an intensity of a base peak is in the range of 0.10 to 0.60 in a radial distribution curve obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum of an X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disclosed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an acidified silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C., wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: A particulate desulfurization material includes one or more nickel compounds, a zinc oxide support material, and one or more alkali metal compounds wherein the nickel content of the material is in the range 0.3 to 10% by weight and the alkali metal content of the material is in the range 0.2 to 10% by weight. A method of making the desulfurization material includes the steps: (i) contacting a nickel compound with a particulate zinc support material and an alkali metal compound to form an alkali-doped composition, (ii) shaping the alkali-doped composition, and (iii) drying, calcining, and optionally reducing the resulting material. The desulfurization material may be used to desulfurize hydrocarbon gas streams with reduced levels of hydrocarbon hydrogenolysis.

Abstract: A process to efficiently remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream in a refinery operation includes the production and recycle of hydrogen from the sulfur compounds. The sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon cut are converted to hydrogen sulphide which is split to hydrogen and sulfur in a non-thermal plasma reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved hydrotreating process for removing sulfur from naphtha and distillate feedstreams. This improved process utilizes a hydrotreating zone, an acid gas removal zone, and a pressure swing adsorption zone having a total cycle time of less than about 30 seconds for increasing the concentration of hydrogen utilized in the process.

Abstract: The distillate catalytic hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels wherein the optimum hydrogen treat gas rate to maximize desulfurization is determined and introduced into the reaction zone to maintain a controlled amount of hydrogen at the surface of the catalyst during hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts for the production of gasolines with a low sulphur and mercaptans content. Said process comprises at least two hydrodesulphurization steps, HDS1 and HDS2, operated in parallel on two distinct cuts of the gasoline constituting the feed. The flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS2 is such that the ratio between the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of feed to be treated is less than 80% of the ratio of the flow rates used to desulphurize in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS1.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The one or more catalyst may include an uncalcined catalyst. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: The present invention includes systems and methods of treating a hydrocarbon fuel to reduce organic sulfur components so as to be amenable to small-scale and/or field-based applications. Embodiments of the invention involve the performance of a vapor-phase hydrodesulfurization operation using steam reformate. The steam reformate is a hydrogen source for the hydrodesulfurization and is provided by an integrated steam reformer.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed comprises at least two steps with intermediate stripping of the effluent from the first step with pressurized hydrogen substantially free of impurities which are undesirable for the catalyst for the second step, in particular to eliminate part of the H2S formed, each step being carried out with a hydrogen recycle loop that is exclusive to that step.

Abstract: Increased selectivity of middle distillate and/or increased catalyst activity are obtained in a hydrocracking process by the use of a catalyst containing a beta zeolite and a Y zeolite having a unit cell size of 24.33 to 24.38 angstrom. The catalyst may also contain an additional Y zeolite having a unit cell size of from 24.25 to 24.32 angstrom.

Abstract: A process for adsorptive desulfurization of gasoline or diesel oil or aromatics lower than C12 containing organic sulfide impurities, wherein these feedstocks contact an amorphous alloy adsorbent comprising nickel as a major active component in a fluidized bed reactor or a magnetic-stabilized fluidized bed reactor or a slurry bed reactor. There is only a single diffuse peak at 2?=45° in the 2? range from 20° to 80° in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the adsorbent. The adsorbent consists of 50-95 wt % of nickel, 1-30 wt % of aluminum, 0-35 wt % of iron, and 0-10 wt % of one or more metals selected from copper, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt.

Abstract: The sulfur content of a liquid hydrocarbon stream is reduced under mild conditions by contracting a sulfur-containing liquid hydrocarbon stream with transition metal particles containing the transition metal in a zero oxidation state under conditions sufficient to provide a hydrocarbon product having a reduced sulfur content and metal sulfide particles. The transition metal particles can be produced in situ by adding a transition metal precursor, e.g., a transition metal carbonyl compound, to the sulfur-containing liquid feed stream and sonicating the feed steam/transition metal precursor combination under conditions sufficient to produce the transition metal particles.

Abstract: A two step sulfur removal for treatment of hydrocarbonaceous fuel intended for use in a fuel cell comprising a mild hydrotreating step followed by an extraction step reduces the sulfur content in fuel to 5 ppm total sulfur or less and a fuel processor suitable for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Selective hydrodesulfurization of an olefinic gasoline fraction, e.g., cracked gasoline, is accomplished by use of a catalyst of a noble metal supported on an acidic support. Such a catalyst reduces the sulfur content to acceptable levels, while minimizing hydrogenation of olefins to retain octane quality of the treated gasoline fraction.

Abstract: A hydrofining process in which a sulfur- and hydrocarbon-containing processing stream is supplied to a multi-stage hydrotreating reactor incorporating separate stages of cobalt molybdenum catalysts. Hydrogen may be supplied concurrently or counter-currently with the hydrocarbon-containing processing stream. The processing stream is passed into contact with an initial catalyst stage comprising a cobalt molybdenum desulfurization catalyst present in a minor amount of the total composite amount of catalysts within the reactor. Thereafter the processing stream is passed through a subsequent catalyst stage comprising a major amount of cobalt molybdenum hydrocracking catalyst. The effluent stream having a reduced sulfur content is then withdrawn from the hydrotreating reactor. The initial and subsequent catalyst stages are separated by an intervening sector within the reactor containing an inert particulate refractory material, specifically silica particles generally spheroidal in shape.

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promoters are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product. Such sorbents can also be utilized for the treatment of other sulfur-containing streams such as diesel fuels.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydrorefining and/or hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocarbon feeds, comprising at least one mixed sulphide comprising sulphur, at least one group VB element, preferably niobium, and at least one group VIB element, preferably molybdenum or tungsten, more preferably molybdenum, optionally combined with a support and/or at least one group VIIA metal and/or at least one group VIII metal and/or an element selected from the group formed by S, P, B, Si.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contact of the stream under hydrodesulfurization (HDS) conditions with a catalyst system comprising a sulfided, transition metal promoted tungsten/molybdenum HDS catalyst, e.g., Ni/Co--Mo/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a solid acid catalyst which is effective for the isomerization/disproportionation/transalkylation of alkyl substituted, condensed ring heterocyclic sulfur compounds present in the feedstream, e.g. zeolite or a heteropolyacid compound. Isomerization, disproportionation and transalkylation reactions convert refractory sulfur compounds such as 4- or 4,6-alkyl dibenzothiophenes into corresponding isomers or disproportionated isomers which can be more readily desulfurized by conventional HDS catalysts to H.sub.2 S and other products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous in-situ process for reducing the viscosity, corrosivity and density of heavy oils comprising the steps of (a) contacting a heavy oil with an aqueous alkaline earth, Group IIA metal hydroxide at a temperature of about 380.degree. to about 450.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the corresponding alkaline earth metal sulfide, recovering the reduced sulfur feed and regenerating the alkaline metal hydroxide for recycle to treat additional feed. Beneficially, the process removes heteroatoms (sulfur and nitrogen).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a liquid hydrocarbon stream useful as a precursor for transportation fuel and which contains an unacceptably high level of heteroatom compounds is provided for the removal of a significant portion of the heteroatom compounds from the hydrocarbon stream. The method and apparatus employ an adsorbent which is brought into countercurrent contact with a hydrocarbon stream in an adsorption zone to form a product hydrocarbon stream and a spent adsorbent stream. The adsorbent is recirculated to a desorption zone and is thereafter brought into cross-current contact with a reactivating medium, such as hydrocarbon gas, at elevated temperatures to form a reactivated adsorbent stream and a hydrogen/heteroatom stream. The regenerated adsorbent is recirculated back to the adsorption zone to form the adsorbent stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous in-situ process for the removal of organically bound sulfur existing as mercaptans, sulfides and thiophenes comprising the steps of (a) contacting a heavy oil with aqueous sodium hydroxide at a temperature of about 380.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form sodium sulfide, and (b) steam stripping the sodium sulfide of step (a) at a temperature sufficient to convert said sodium sulfide to sodium hydroxide and recirculating the sodium hydroxide from step (b) back to step (a) and removing hydrogen sulfide and the metals from the organically bound metal complex of the sodium sulfide to convert it back to sodium hydroxide, in which case the sulfur may be recovered as H.sub.2 S rather than the metal sulfide. Optionally, molecular hydrogen may be added in the first step. The present invention is useful in removing organically bound sulfur that has been recognized to be difficult to remove, such as thiophenes.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock, such as light cycle oil, using a catalyst composition containing a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component and an acidic solid component including a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. The hydrotreating process removes contaminants, such as sulfur and/or nitrogen, from the feedstock.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing carbonaceous material containing inorganic bound sulfur, organic bound sulfur, or conbinations thereof. The process comprises reacting the carbonaceous material at desulfurization conditions with a hydrogen source material in the presence of a reaction accelerator to enhance production and reactivity of atomic hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen source. The reaction is prefereably carried out in the presence of a flowing reaction medium which carries away hydrogen sulfide products and other volatile desulfurization products separating them from the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of hydrocarbons using NaAlCl.sub.4 is provided wherein the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the liquid product slate is approximately the same as the feed material. The process comprises contacting the feed material with a molten salt of NaAlCl.sub.4 having substantially no excess aluminum chloride or sodium chloride, preferably at a temperature of at least 660.degree. F., and at a pressure above atmospheric, preferably from about 50 psia to about 2000 psia, depending upon the product slate desired. According to the present invention, heavy hydrocarbons are converted to a liquid product slate wherein the product slate has an average molecular weight substantially lower than the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A process for producing lower average molecular weight products from heavy liquid hydrocarbons is provided comprising contacting the feed material in the presence of a co-catalyst system comprising a molten salt of sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaAlCl.sub.4) and hydrogen tetrachloroaluminate (HAlCl.sub.4) at a pressure of from about 0.8 to about 140 atm (81 to about 14185 kPa) and a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C.According to the present invention use of the HAlCl.sub.4 as a co-catalyst with NaAlCl.sub.4 results in increased yields of lower average molecular weight products and improved levels of denitrogenation and desulfurization. The elements of the co-catalyst system may be prepared separately and mixed.

Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of hydrocarbons using NaAlCl.sub.4 is provided wherein the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the product slate is approximately the same as the feed material, comprising contacting the feed material with a molten salt of NaAlCl.sub.4 having a ratio of aluminum chloride to sodium chloride of at least 1:1, preferably at a temperature of at least 660.degree. F., and at a pressure above atmospheric, preferably from about 50 psia to about 2000 psia, depending upon the product slate desired. According to the present invention, heavy hydrocarbons are converted to a liquid product slate wherein substantially all of the liquid components exhibit a molecular weight lower than the molecular weight range exhibited by the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A slurry hydroconversion process is provided wherein a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil, in which is dispersed a metal-contaminated, partially deactivated zeolitic cracking catalyst, is converted to lower boiling products in the presence of a molecular hydrogen-containing gas, and a hydrogen donor diluent.

Abstract: A process for sweetening and desulfurizing a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream boiling at a temperature less than about 650.degree. F. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an oxidic catalyst at a temperature of about 300 to 650.degree. F. and at a pressure of about 1 to 5 atmospheres. The oxidic catalyst comprises a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of hydrogen-form molecular sieves and rare-earth-form molecular sieves.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for reducing the metal, sulfur and nitrogen content of petroleum residual oils. The process involves contacting a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock and hydrogen-donor solvent with a catalyst composition comprising a naturally occuring porous metal ore such as manganese nodules.

Abstract: The specification discloses a desulfurization, demetalation and denitrogenation process for coal and coal liquid charge stocks. The process comprises contacting the charge stock in the absence of externally added hydrogen with a hydrogen donor solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of naturally occurring porous metal ores such as manganese nodules, bog iron, bog manganese, nickel laterites, bauxite or spent bauxite.

Abstract: The phenolic oxygen and/or the thiol sulfur present in the polycyclic aromatic compounds in a heavy oil, such as vacuum pipestill bottoms, crude oil, reduced crude, residual oil or tar sands oil, can be removed as H.sub.2 O and/or H.sub.2 S by contacting the heavy oil with a hydrogen donor at an elevated temperature in the presence of a specified catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided for the desulfurization of residual oil by(a) separating the residual oil into a first and a second fraction;(b) reacting the first fraction with hydrogen over a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a first reaction zone at hydrodesulfurization conditions such that a liquid effluent of lower sulfur content than the residual oil is obtained;(c) combining the hydrodesulfurization liquid effluent with the second residual oil fraction; and(d) reacting the resultant mixture over a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst in a second reaction zone at hydrogen transfer conditions.This process provides for desulfurization of residual oils at lower hydrogen consumptions than conventional processes.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting such feedstocks with alkaline earth metal hydrides or alkaline earth metal oxides, particularly barium hydride or barium oxide, in the presence of hydrogen, and at elevated temperatures. The mixtures of reaction products resulting from the above procedure can be separated to give a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized and significantly upgraded as demonstrated by reduced Conradson carbon content, and increased API gravity and which includes alkaline earth metal sulfide salts from which the alkaline earth metal hydrides or oxides may be regenerated.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of hydrocarbon material by contacting, e.g., heating, the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material with at least one hydrocarbon hydrogen donor component capable of transferring hydrogen under conditions such that hydrogen transfer from said component to the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material occurs to form hydrogen sulfide, oxidizing at least a portion of the remaining sulfur impurities contained in the hydrocarbon material and recovering a hydrocarbon material of reduced sulfur content.