Abstract: A method of producing a coal blend by blending plural brands of coal to produce a coal blend includes letting a surface tension of coal when inert material is assumed to be 100 vol % be ?100, and letting a surface tension of coal when reactive material is assumed to be 100 vol % be ?0, determining ?0 of coal; among brands of coal 1, 2, . . . i, . . . , and n to be blended in a coal blend, specifying coal i in which ?100 is outside of ?0; measuring TI of coal i; and determining a blending ratio of coal i such that w calculated by formula (1) is 20.4 mass % or less w=?(xi×TIi)??(1).

Abstract: A method of estimating a surface tension of coal inert material includes determining in advance a first relational expression representing a relationship between a surface tension of coal inert material and a physical property value representing a coal rank; and measuring the physical property value representing the coal rank of a coal for which the surface tension of coal inert material is to be estimated, and calculating the surface tension of the coal inert material by using the measured physical property value representing the coal rank and the first relational expression.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to reactive (moisture curing) plasticizers; adhesives and sealants containing the plasticizers and methods of bonding and sealing substrates with adhesives and sealants containing the plasticizers.

Abstract: A method of estimating a surface tension of coal includes subjecting a surface tension, a physical property value representing a coal rank, and a total inert content of each of different brands of coal to multiple regression analysis to determine in advance a regression equation including the surface tension of coal as an objective variable and the physical property value and the total inert content as explanatory variables; and measuring the physical property value and the total inert content of a coal of which the surface tension is to be estimated, and calculating the surface tension of the coal with the measured physical property value and the measured total inert content, and the regression equation.

Abstract: A method involving either: determining a first amount of asphalt emulsion required to generate a mixture for roadway material so that the roadway material will exhibit a predetermined strength; or adding a first amount of asphalt emulsion to a road base material to generate a mixture for roadway material and determining a strength of the mixture. The method involves determining an amount of maltene compounds to be mixed with a second amount of asphalt emulsion so that a mixture of the second amount of asphalt emulsion and the amount of maltene compounds used to generate roadway material will exhibit the predetermined strength or the strength, the second amount of asphalt emulsion being less than the first amount of asphalt emulsion. The method involves generating a mixture including the second amount of asphalt emulsion, the amount of maltene compounds, and the road base material.

Abstract: A process for increasing the softening point of asphalt using an eductor, preheated asphalt is mixed with an input gas in the eductor to form a gas/asphalt mixture. The gas/asphalt mixture is conducted to a heated and pressurized oxidizer vessel via piping connected to the discharge connection of the eductor, where the piping enables a bubble flow pattern to develop therein to enable reaction of the oxygen with the asphalt. The oxygen entrained asphalt mixture is discharged from an exit port of the piping in the oxidizer vessel. The resulting oxidized asphalt product stream has a softening temperature greater than the preheated asphalt feed. The process minimizes the off-gas produced to reduce the carbon footprint.

Abstract: A new class of cost-effective carbon fiber precursors that comprise both hydrocarbon polymer and Pitch structural features in the same polymer structure to exhibit complementary advantages of both PAN- and Pitch-based carbon fiber precursors. The new class of carbon fiber precursors comprise a polymeric pitch copolymer, wherein the polymeric pitch copolymer includes a polymer chain and several pitch polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules grafted or chemically bonded to the polymer chain. Method and processes for the creation of the new class of carbon fiber precursors are also presented, wherein said methods may comprise a thermally-induced coupling and extrusion step.

Abstract: A method for forming mesophase pitch can include applying a stimulus to a first amount of coal tar to form a first amount of mesophase pitch. The stimulus can include one or more of an electromagnetic field (“EMF”) or a magnetic field. The method can further include evaluating a characteristic of the first amount of mesophase pitch, changing a parameter of the stimulus in response to evaluating the characteristic of the first amount of mesophase pitch, and applying the stimulus exhibiting the changed parameters to a second amount of coal tar to form mesophase pitch.

Abstract: Pitch granules including a core made up of a first composition including at least one pitch, the composition having a penetrability at 25° C. of 0 to 45 1/10 mm, a ring-and-ball softening temperature (TBA) of 55° C. to 175° C., understanding the penetrability as measured according to standard EN 1426 and the TBA as measured according to standard EN 1427, and a layer encapsulating at least one portion of the surface of the core, the layer being made up of a coating composition including at least one anti-caking agent.

Abstract: A process for making mesophase and/or isotropic pitch. An aromatic rich liquid is charged at high temperature and pressure to a first thermal polymerization reactor to produce an effluent stream which is flashed to remove unconverted or partially converted feed as a vapor yielding a liquid phase enriched in isotropic pitch. The enriched isotropic pitch liquid is charged to a second thermal reactor and reactor effluent flashed to produce mesophase pitch and a vapor phase. The vapor phases from both flashing steps are condensed and combined for recycle of a liquid aromatic rich stream to the first reactor. Flashing from the first reactor cools the liquid phase which is enriched in isotropic pitch. This enriched stream is mixed with a superheated fluid, preferably steam, upstream of the second reactor.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to nonylphenol-free alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins and processes for making alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resins. The invention also relates to methods of breaking emulsions of oil and water comprising the dosing of an effective amount of an emulsion breaker composition into a stable emulsion to destabilize the emulsion, wherein the emulsion breaker composition comprises an alkoxylated 4-(alkyloxy)phenol/aldehyde resin.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizing plate with optical compensation layers that achieves an excellent reflection hue and viewing angle characteristic, and has an excellent mechanical strength. The polarizing plate with optical compensation layers includes a polarizer, an optically anisotropic layer, a first optical compensation layer, and a second optical compensation layer in this order. The optically anisotropic layer shows a refractive index characteristic of nx?ny>nz, and has an Re(550) of from 0 nm to 20 nm and an Rth(550) of from 5 nm to 100 nm. The first optical compensation layer shows a refractive index characteristic of nx>ny?nz, and satisfies a relationship of Re(450)<Re(550). The second optical compensation layer shows a refractive index characteristic of nz>nx?ny. A laminate of the first optical compensation layer and the second optical compensation layer has an Re(550) of from 120 nm to 160 nm and an Rth(550) of from ?50 nm to 80 nm.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for separating soluble organic matter in petroleum coke, including: drying the petroleum coke to obtain pretreated petroleum coke; extracting the pretreated petroleum coke sequentially with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, ethanol, acetone-carbon disulfide mixture and tetrahydrofuran to obtain an extract and the treated petroleum coke, wherein the extract includes soluble organic matter. The method provided by the present disclosure employs extractants with different polarities, i.e., petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, ethanol, acetone-carbon disulfide mixture and tetrahydrofuran, to extract petroleum coke sequentially, so as to detect the composition of the soluble organic matter in petroleum coke at the molecular level, realizing the separation of soluble organic matter in petroleum coke at the macro molecular level, as well as the determination of molecular structure of soluble organic matter in petroleum coke by modern detection processes.

Abstract: A process for making mesophase and/or isotropic pitch. An aromatic rich liquid is charged at high temperature and pressure to a first thermal polymerization reactor to produce an isotropic pitch rich liquid which is flashed. Residual liquid is charged to a second thermal reactor to produce mesophase pitch. The reactors can be either tubular reactors or CSTRs.

Abstract: In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a structural component. The structural component includes a body defining at least one hollow region. The body includes a carbon fiber composite including a plurality of substantially aligned continuous carbon fibers. The plurality of substantially aligned carbon fibers defines a major axis and a second axis perpendicular to the major axis. The plurality of substantially aligned continuous carbon fibers includes a plurality of discrete termination points staggered with respect to the second axis. Methods of making such structural components, including by blow molding and compression molding are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method involving the steps of method for determining asphaltene stability in a hydrocarbon-containing sample having solvated asphaltenes therein, the method comprising the steps of: (a) precipitating an amount of asphaltenes from a liquid sample of the hydrocarbon-containing sample having solvated asphaltenes therein with one or more first solvents and capturing the precipitated asphaltenes in one or more low volume filters comprising a porous filter element comprising an area through which a fluid may flow; (b) determining one or more solubility characteristics of the precipitated asphaltenes; and (c) analyzing the one or more solubility characteristics of the precipitated asphaltenes.

Abstract: Asphalt compositions for roofing applications are provided, as well as filled asphalt material comprising the asphalt compositions and methods for making asphalt compositions and filled asphalt material. More particularly, the asphalt compositions comprise non-oxidized base asphalt; and a low molecular weight polyolefin present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 15 wt % based on the total weight of the asphalt composition. The asphalt composition has a softening point from about 87.8 to about 160° C. (about 190 to about 320° F.), a penetration of greater than 12 deci-millimeters @ 25° C., as well as improved stain resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a binder pitch increased in carbonization yield (fixed carbon content) without varying the softening point thereof. A binder pitch has a carbon-to-hydrogen molar ratio of 1.90 or more, a quinoline insoluble content of 12.0% to 30.0% by mass, a free carbon content of 12.0% to 30.0% by mass, a mesophase content of 0.50% by mass or less, a toluene insoluble content of 24.0% by mass or more, and a fixed carbon content of 58.0% by mass or more.

Abstract: A process for producing a caking additive for coke production, the process including a step of extracting a solvent deasphalted pitch that can be used as a caking additive for coke production from a residue containing at least one of an atmospheric residue obtained by atmospheric distillation of a crude oil and a vacuum residue obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation of a crude oil, wherein the extraction is performed using, as a solvent, a light reformate obtained by catalytic reforming a naphtha fraction that is fractionated from a crude oil by atmospheric distillation of the crude oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a processing method for upgrading an organic phase substance by removing heavy element species from the organic phase substance originating from a resource substance in mild environmental conditions, and further provides a method for collecting removed heavy element species and a method for collecting other substances.

Abstract: This invention is based upon the discovery that activated carbon can be used to sequester polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that may be present in asphalt and creosote compositions. The treatment of asphalt and creosote compositions with activated carbon accordingly reduces the level of free polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in such compositions by sequestering them therein or removing them from the composition. After being sequestered the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remain trapped in the asphalt or creosote composition, and are not available to the environment during normal processing into useful industrial products. This sequestration reduces the risk of exposing humans and the environment to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which would otherwise be free to migrate from the asphalt or creosote product during manufacturing and the service life of the product.

Abstract: Provided is a process for increasing the softening temperature of asphalts by use of liquid jet ejector with a diptube connected to the discharge connection of the liquid jet ejector for ejecting an air/asphalt mixture below a liquid level in an oxidizer vessel. The liquid jet ejector is used as both an air compressor and an air/oil mixer. The liquid jet ejector motive fluid is hot asphalt and the entrained vapor is air. The combined liquid jet ejector with a diptube process provides for an improvement in asphalt air blowing efficiency by requiring less cumulative air to produce a given asphalt softening temperature.

Abstract: An asphalt composition includes asphalt and spent adsorbent material from a solvent deasphalting unit. The asphalt can comprise asphaltic material obtained from a solvent deasphalting unit, and spent adsorbent material in the asphalt composition was previously utilized in the solvent deasphalting unit. The asphalt composition can also include process reject materials.

Abstract: This invention is based upon the discovery that activated carbon can be used to sequester polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that may be present in asphalt and creosote compositions. The treatment of asphalt and creosote compositions with activated carbon accordingly reduces the level of free polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in such compositions by sequestering them therein or removing them from the composition. After being sequestered the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remain trapped in the asphalt or creosote composition, and are not available to the environment during normal processing into useful industrial products. This sequestration reduces the risk of exposing humans and the environment to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which would otherwise be free to migrate from the asphalt or creosote product during manufacturing and the service life of the product.

Abstract: A process for treating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock is disclosed. The process involves separating the feedstock into a residue component and a light component, the residue component having a lower API gravity than the light component and treating at least a portion of the light component to produce a synthetic transport diluent suitable for combining with at least a portion of the residue component to produce a product which meets applicable criteria for pipeline transport.

Abstract: Provided is a stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery which composition is useful for achieving excellent high-speed charge and discharge characteristics. The stock oil composition for a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery uses a bottom oil of residue fluid catalytic cracking apparatus as a raw material. The stock oil composition comprises, of a saturated component, an aromatic component, a resin component and an asphaltene component detectable by development of the stock oil composition using thin-layer chromatography, the saturated component ranging from 30 to 50% by weight and the aromatic component ranging from 50 to 70% by weight; and has an average molecular weight of from 400 to 600.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrocarbon tar. The tar has 75 wt % or more of aromatics of 10 carbons to 75 carbons based on the total weight of the tar. The aromatics exhibit 40% to 80% aromaticity. The tar has a boiling point of from 300° F. to 1350° F. There is also a fuel oil composition having the tar therein. There are also processes for making the hydrocarbon tar.

Abstract: The invention provides a stock oil composition for a carbon material for a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 280° C. or higher as the distillation property, a density of at least 0.90 g/cm3 at a temperature of 15° C. and a normal paraffin content of at least 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight as the total weight of the stock oil composition; and having an aromatic component content of 30-85 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight as the total weight of the stock oil composition and an aromatic component molecular weight of 250-1600 when the aromatic components and non-aromatic components are separated by elution chromatography.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of use, of a mixture of chemical compounds for a shark repellent, as well as methods of protection garments in using such material(s). Generally, there are not many shark repellents. This shark repellent contains a mixture of chemical compounds that are highly toxic and trenchant, which will deter the shark from injured or non-injured humans or animals, once the mixture is immersed in water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroprocessed product that can be produced by hydroprocessing tar, such as a tar obtained from hydrocarbon pyrolysis. The invention also relates to methods for producing such a hydroprocessed product, and the use of such a product, e.g., as a fuel oil blending component.

Abstract: A method of producing treated liquid hydrocarbons. The method begins by pressurizing a latex in a pressure vessel. This is followed by flowing the latex from the pressure vessel into a pipeline containing liquid hydrocarbons to produce treated liquid hydrocarbons. In this embodiment the latex comprises a drag reducing polymer.

Abstract: Pitch is obtained, in a reactor configured for the atmospheric process, from a feedstock of oil hydrocarbons consisting of a feedstock_of decanted oil. In the process, the feedstock is subjected to heating stages in reflux and distillation conditions with removal of volatile products generated, wherein the gaseous products are eliminated at each stage and the successively generated residual products comprise a final residue recovered as a predominantly isotropic pitch.

Abstract: A method begins by obtaining a slipstream of a liquid. The slipstream of liquid is then mixed upstream of an injection pump with a latex comprising a drag reducing polymer to produce a drag reducing mixture. The drag reducing mixture is then injected into a liquid hydrocarbon to produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A drag reducing additive for heavy oil, such as crude oil, includes a polymeric alkyl-substituted phenol formaldehyde resin and a solvent having at least one of an ester (e.g. ethyl acetate), an aldehyde (e.g. butyraldehyde), and an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. toluene, xylene, and the like), or mixtures thereof. When used together with a diluent (e.g. condensate, naphtha, or the like), the additive may reduce viscosity of the combined oil, diluent, and additive by at least 20%, increase throughput by at least 6%, reduce power consumption by at least 3%, reduce the diluent proportion by at least 3%, or some combination of these effects, as compared with an otherwise identical heavy oil without the additive.

Abstract: The present invention describes a reaction zone comprising at least two fluidized reactors, a principal reactor for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon cut, the other, additional, reactor for cracking one or more light cuts, the effluents from the two reactors being treated in a common gas-solid separation and quench zone. Performance is enhanced because the thermal degradation reactions in the reaction zone are controlled in an optimum manner.

Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disclosed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an acidified silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C., wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: A system for reducing pressure drop associated with the turbulent flow of asphaltenic crude oil through a conduit. The crude oil has a high asphaltene content and/or a low API gravity. Such reduction in pressure drop is achieved by treating the asphaltenic crude oil with a high molecular weight drag reducing polymer that can have a solubility parameter within about 20 percent of the solubility parameter of the heavy crude oil. The drag reducing polymer can also comprise the residues of monomers having at least one heteroatom.

Abstract: A method of preparing a drag reducing polymer wherein the drag reducing polymer is able to be injected into a pipeline, such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow through the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies. The drag reducing polymer is injected into a pipeline of liquid hydrocarbon hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and an API gravity of less than about 26° to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon wherein the viscosity of the treated liquid hydrocarbon is not less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer. The drag reducing polymer has a solubility parameter within 4 MPa1/2 of the solubility parameter of the liquid hydrocarbon. The drag reducing polymer is also added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.

Abstract: A method of introducing a drag reducing polymer into a pipeline such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow though the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies. The drag reducing polymer is introduced into a liquid hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and an API gravity of less than about 26° to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon. The treated liquid hydrocarbon does not have a viscosity less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer. Additionally, the drag reducing polymer is added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the inventive technology may involve the intentional changing of the stability of an emulsion from a first stability to a more desired, second stability upon the addition of a more aromatic asphaltene subfraction (perhaps even a most aromatic asphaltene subfraction), or a less aromatic asphaltene subfraction (perhaps even a least aromatic asphatene subfraction) to a emulsion hydrocarbon of an oil emulsion, thereby increasing emulsion stability or decreasing emulsion stability, respectively. Precipitation and redis solution or sorbent-based techniques may be used to isolate a selected asphaltene subfraction before its addition to an emulsion hydrocarbon when that hydrocarbon is part of an emulsion or an ingredient of a yet-to-be-formed emulsion.

Abstract: A method of introducing a drag reducing polymer into a pipeline such that the friction loss associated with the turbulent flow though the pipeline is reduced by suppressing the growth of turbulent eddies. The drag reducing polymer is introduced into a liquid hydrocarbon having an asphaltene content of at least 3 weight percent and/or an API gravity of less than about 26° to thereby produce a treated liquid hydrocarbon. The treated liquid hydrocarbon does not have a viscosity less than the viscosity of the liquid hydrocarbon prior to treatment with the drag reducing polymer. Additionally, the drag reducing polymer is added to the liquid hydrocarbon in the range from about 0.1 to about 500 ppmw.

Abstract: The inventive technology may involve, in particular embodiments, novel use of a non-porous, high surface energy stationary phase to adsorb, in reversible fashion, the most polar component of a resins fraction of an input hydrocarbon when a mobile phase is passed over the stationary phase. Such reversible adsorption prevents irreversibly adsorption of such components on active stationary phase(s) downflow of the non-porous, high surface energy stationary phase, thereby conserving stationary phase costs and increasing resolution of resins elutions, and accuracy of hydrocarbon component results. Aspects of the inventive technology may also involve a novel combination of a solubility based asphaltene component fractionating and analysis method and an adsorption chromatography method for separating and/or analyzing saturate, aromatics and resins components of an input hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Methods and systems for efficiently manufacturing modified asphalt materials include agitating a base asphalt at a high shear rate using an in-line mixer while simultaneously exposing the asphalt to oxygen by blowing an oxygen-containing gas at a high gas flow rate through openings in the in-line mixer and heating the asphalt at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a reduced nitrogen content within the coke so that the coke particles do not experience as much puffing during the formation of graphitized carbon articles produced from such coke upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: An effective hydrogen sulfide scavenger that produces little corrosion may be prepared by reacting glyoxal with a compound having at least two primary or secondary amine groups. The subject hydrogen sulfide scavengers may be used with both the production of crude oil and natural gas, and the refining of same.

Abstract: A method for modifying asphalt comprises blowing an oxygen-containing gas through a base asphalt at a high gas flow rate while simultaneously agitating the base asphalt at a high shear rate and at an elevated temperature for a period of time that is effective to substantially improve at least two paving properties of the base asphalt. In preferred embodiments, modified asphalts are produced having both substantially improved rutting resistance and substantially improved fatigue resistance as compared to the base asphalt.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a particulate solid material to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked in a slurry hydrocracking unit to produce vacuum gas oil (VGO) and pitch. A first vacuum column separates VGO from pitch, and a second vacuum column further separates VGO from pitch. As much as 15 wt-% of VGO can be recovered by the second vacuum column and recycled to the slurry hydrocracking unit. A pitch composition is obtained which can be made into particles and transported without sticking together.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method are described for modifying pitches, oils, tars, and binders by using these materials as solvents to extract organic chemicals from coal.

Abstract: Systems for pelletizing hot asphaltenes are provided. Asphaltenic hydrocarbons can be dispersed to provide two or more asphaltenic particles. The asphaltenic hydrocarbons can be at a temperature of from about 175° C. to about 430° C. The asphaltenic particles can be contacted with a film of cooling medium. The film can have a thickness of from about 1 mm to about 500 mm. At least a portion of the asphaltenic particles can be solidified by transferring heat from the asphaltenic particles to the cooling medium to provide solid asphaltenic particles. The solid asphaltenic particles can be separated from at least a portion of the cooling medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a raw coke having such a structure that the graphitized product resulting from graphitization of the raw coke at a temperature of 2800° C. under an inactive gas atmosphere will have ratios of the crystallite size to the lattice constant of 360 or less in the (002) plane and 1500 or less in the (110) plane, as a raw coke providing active carbon produced by alkali-activating the raw coke, which is reduced in remaining alkali content and can simplify washing operation because washing liquid can easily pass through the activated carbon, or as a raw coke for the production of needle coke.