Solids Contacting And Mixing Patents (Class 208/250)
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Patent number: 7172685Abstract: A hydrocarbon desulfurization system employing regenerable solid sorbent particulates in a fluidized bed desulfurization reactor. The sulfur-loaded sorbent particulates are continuously withdrawn from the reactor and transferred to a regenerator. A novel solids transport mechanism provides for the safe and effective transfer of the sulfur-loaded sorbent particulates from the high pressure hydrocarbon environment of the reactor to the low pressure oxygen environment of the regenerator.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2002Date of Patent: February 6, 2007Assignee: Conocophillips CompanyInventors: Max W. Thompson, Behzad Jazayeri, Robert Zapata, Manuel Hernandez
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Patent number: 7094333Abstract: A method for removing thiophene and thiophene compounds from liquid fuel includes contacting the liquid fuel with an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs the thiophene and thiophene compounds. The adsorption takes place at a selected temperature and pressure, thereby producing a non-adsorbed component and a thiophene/thiophene compound-rich adsorbed component. The adsorbent includes either a metal or a metal cation that is adapted to form ?-complexation bonds with the thiophene and/or thiophene compounds, and the preferential adsorption occurs by ?-complexation. A further method includes selective removal of aromatic compounds from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic compounds.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 2003Date of Patent: August 22, 2006Assignee: The Regents of the University of MichiganInventors: Ralph T. Yang, Arturo J. Hernandez-Maldonado, Frances H. Yang, Akira Takahashi
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Patent number: 7029574Abstract: A method for removing thiophene and thiophene compounds from liquid fuel includes contacting the liquid fuel with an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs the thiophene and thiophene compounds. The adsorption takes place at a selected temperature and pressure, thereby producing a non-adsorbed component and a thiophene/thiophene compound-rich adsorbed component. The adsorbent includes either a metal or a metal ion that is adapted to form ?-complexation bonds with the thiophene and/or thiophene compounds, and the preferential adsorption occurs by ?-complexation. A further method includes selective removal of aromatic compounds from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic compounds.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 2003Date of Patent: April 18, 2006Assignee: The Regents of the University of MichiganInventors: Ralph T. Yang, Frances H. Yang, Akira Takahashi, Arturo J. Hernandez-Maldonado
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Patent number: 6673239Abstract: A system and process for removing water and heteroatom-containing compounds from hydrocarbons and for regenerating the adsorbent used in the system and process is disclosed and includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a water adsorbent and a heteroatom-containing compound adsorbent. The regeneration includes passing an isoparaffin over the water-adsorbent, then passing the isoparaffin over the heteroatom-containing compound adsorbent; and, optionally; cooling the effluent; separating such into a hydrocarbon phase and a water phase in a settler; removing a portion of the hydrocarbon phase for mixing with water; returning the hydrocarbon/water mixture to the settler; removing some of the hydrocarbon phase from the settler to form a recycle isoparaffin stream for use as a portion of the stripping stream; and removal of a portion of the water phase from the settler to form a waste water stream containing water and heteroatom-containing compound.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 2000Date of Patent: January 6, 2004Assignee: ConocoPhillips CompanyInventors: Marvin M. Johnson, Bruce B. Randolph
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Patent number: 6531052Abstract: Sulfur species are removed from hydrocarbon fluids by a process that includes contacting the fluid with a solid adsorbent having a porous substrate impregnated with silver oxide. The solid adsorbent preferably comprises activated alumina. The solid adsorbent may be regenerated with a two step process including: 1) heating the adsorbent in an inert atmosphere, preferably an atmosphere containing nitrogen, so that sulfur species are stripped from the adsorbent without oxidizing them, and 2) heating the adsorbent in an oxidizing atmosphere, preferably an atmosphere containing approximately 20% oxygen, so that the silver contained on the adsorbent is re-oxidized, forming silver oxide.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 2000Date of Patent: March 11, 2003Assignee: Alcoa Inc.Inventors: Robert A. Frye, Dana L. Rehms, Elise M. Mophett
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Patent number: 6482316Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for reducing the amount of sulfur in hydrocarbon streams comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds with an adsorbent selective for adsorption of said sulfur compounds, under adsorption conditions capable of retaining said sulfur compounds on said adsorbent and obtaining an adsorption effluent comprising a desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (b) collecting said desulfurized hydrocarbon stream, (c) desorbing said sulfur compounds from said adsorbent by passing a desorbent through said adsorbent under desorption conditions to obtain a desorption effluent comprising sulfur compounds and said desorbent, (d) treating said desorption effluent to remove said sulfur compounds from said desorption effluent and collecting a desulfurized desorbent effluent comprising desorbent.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 2000Date of Patent: November 19, 2002Assignee: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Kaul Krishan Bal
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Publication number: 20020139719Abstract: Methods for the separation of sulfur compounds from a liquid hydrocarbon mixture using a hydrophilic, non-ionic membrane are provided. The membrane can also be composed of water-soluble material. Preferred membranes include polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose triacetate membranes. The liquid hydrocarbon mixture may be light cracked naphtha.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 12, 2001Publication date: October 3, 2002Inventors: Bhupender S. Minhas, Robert J. Saxton, Ingo Pinnau, Zhenjie He, Johannes G. Wijmans
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Publication number: 20020134706Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from a H2S-containing gas stream is disclosed. A preferred embodiment of the process comprises incorporating a short contact time catalytic partial oxidation reactor, a cooling zone, and a condenser into a conventional refinery or gas plant process, such as a natural gas desulfurizer, a hydrotreater, coker or fluid catalytic cracker, in which sulfur removal is needed in order to produce a more desirable product. An H2S-containing gas stream is fed into a short contact time reactor where the H2S is partially oxidized over a suitable catalyst in the presence of O2 to elemental sulfur and water.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 18, 2001Publication date: September 26, 2002Inventors: Alfred E. Keller, Joe D. Allison, Sriram Ramani, Terry D. Pruitt
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Patent number: 6416658Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream is subjected to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting into a light boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha, which have been treated to covert mercaptans in the fractions to H2S, which is separated with and separated from the light naphtha wherein the improvement is a further hydrodesulfurization by contacting the light boiling range naphtha with hydrogen in countercurrent flow in a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization catalyst to remove recombinant mercaptans which are formed by the reverse reaction of H2S with olefins in the naphtha during the initial hydrodesulfurization.Type: GrantFiled: October 19, 2000Date of Patent: July 9, 2002Assignee: Catalytic Distillation TechnologiesInventors: Mario J. Maraschino, Montri Vichailak, Bertrand Klussman, Harjeet Virdi
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Patent number: 6274031Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica, zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 2000Date of Patent: August 14, 2001Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Gyanesh P. Khare, Donald R. Engelbert, Bryan W. Cass
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Patent number: 6056871Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1999Date of Patent: May 2, 2000Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Gyanesh P. Khare, Donald R. Engelbert, Bryan W. Cass
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Patent number: 5851383Abstract: A light hydrocarbon stream, such as a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 stream recovered from an FCC unit, is catalytically treated for the selective hydrogenation of dienes and for the removal of mercaptans by thioetherification. The effluent of the reaction zone is fractionated to remove light ends and thioethers in a dual section fractionation zone, with the interconnection of the sections facilitating a reduction in capital and operating costs.Type: GrantFiled: December 15, 1997Date of Patent: December 22, 1998Assignee: UOP LLCInventor: Stanley J. Frey
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Patent number: 5843300Abstract: Removal of organic sulfur compounds, especially aromatic sulfur compounds from an FCC feedstock with minimal adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved using a zeolite X exchanged with alkali or alkaline earth cations. KX is an especially effective adsorbent. Where the KX is loaded with a group VIII metal, particular palladium or platinum, the adsorbent is effectively regenerated by treatment with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1997Date of Patent: December 1, 1998Assignee: UOP LLCInventors: Herman A. Zinnen, Laszlo T. Nemeth, Jennifer R. Holmgren, Blaise J. Arena
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Patent number: 5659106Abstract: Mercaptans and olefins are removed from paraffin-rich feed streams through the use of dual zone catalytic distillation in the substantial absence of hydrogen. The mercaptans are reacted with the olefins using a first catalyst such as a sulphonated resin to form less volatile thioethers removed as part of a net bottoms stream. The remaining olefins are oligomerized in a higher catalyst zone preferably employing a catalyst, such as a dealuminated Y zeolite, having a higher oligomerization activity at the imposed conditions.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1995Date of Patent: August 19, 1997Assignee: UOPInventors: Stanley J. Frey, Masami Kojima
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Patent number: 5300211Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed to effect dehydrocyclization of paraffins in a process combination comprising a first reforming zone and a sulfur-removal zone utilizing a manganese component to preclude sulfur from the feed to a second reforming zone. The process combination shows substantial benefits over prior art processes in the stability of the extremely sulfur-sensitive catalyst utilized in the second reforming zone.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1992Date of Patent: April 5, 1994Assignee: UOPInventors: Michael B. Russ, Roger L. Peer, Joseph Zmich, Chi-Chu D. Low
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Patent number: 5271835Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving catalyst performance and yields in the manufacture of motor gasoline components. More particularly the process is directed to the removal of H.sub.2 S, sulfur compounds, trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 product fraction from a fluid catalytic cracking unit which may be used subsequently in an etherification process for the production of ethers such as MTBE and TAME and/or an alkylation process for the production of alkylate. The hydrocarbon feedstock is passed to an amine treating zone, a mercaptan sulfur removal zone and an adsorption zone for the removal of sulfur compounds, water and trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile. The regeneration of the adsorption zone includes the contacting of the sorbent with a heated regenerant vapor stream. The spent regenerant vapor stream is condensed to provide a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1992Date of Patent: December 21, 1993
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Patent number: 5157201Abstract: A method of removing sulfur components from a hydrocarbon stream which involves contacting a hydrocarbon stream including an initial amount of at least one sulfur species selected from the group consisting of mercaptans, organic sulfides, and disulfides with a catalyst capable of adsorbing the sulfur species in the absence of extraneously added hydrogen and under conditions suitable for removing the at least one sulfur species from the hydrocarbon stream by the catalyst to form a resultant hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of the at least one sulfur species.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1990Date of Patent: October 20, 1992Assignee: Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.Inventor: Donald J. Norris
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Patent number: 4719006Abstract: Arsenic can be continuously removed from shale oil by passing the shale oil through a first guard bed containing catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil, until the desired amount of arsenic is removed. The flow of the shale oil is thereafter directed to an intercommunicating second guard bed containing another or similar catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil. Concurrently, the spent catalyst in the first bed is regenerated in situ so that continuous upgrading of the shale oil is achieved.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1985Date of Patent: January 12, 1988Assignee: Amoco CorporationInventor: Shri K. Goyal
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Patent number: 4597774Abstract: A method of operating a fluidized bed in which a bed of particulate combustible material is disposed on a perforated plate and air is introduced through the plate and into the bed to fluidize and promote the combustion of the material. Additional particulate material, of a size less than that of said combustible particulate material, is introduced to the bed so that it is entrained in the air to maintain the combustible material in the bed.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1984Date of Patent: July 1, 1986Assignee: Foster Wheeler Energy CorporationInventors: Juan A. Garcia-Mallol, Brian T. Sinn
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Patent number: 4540842Abstract: Pentane derived from fractionation of sulfur-containing natural gasoline is desulfurized to low levels of sulfur, e.g., 1 ppm or below, in a process comprised of contacting the pentane in a first zone with molecular sieve adsorbent to remove dimethylsulfide and then in a second zone with activated carbon to remove carbon disulfide.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1984Date of Patent: September 10, 1985Assignee: El Paso Products CompanyInventor: George C. Allen
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Patent number: 4318802Abstract: A process is disclosed for removal of mercaptans from mercaptan-containing low boiling hydrocarbon mixture wherein said mixtures are fed to a contact zone containing a crystalline metal silicate which in dehydrated form has a composition in terms of moles of the oxides:(1.0.+-.0.3)(R).sub.2/n 0.[aFe.sub.2 O.sub.3.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cGa.sub.2 O.sub.3. y(dSiO.sub.2.eGeO.sub.2)],where R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are defined as hereinafter disclosed. The disclosed silicate crystalline metal silicate is (a) thermally stable up to a temperature above 600.degree. C.; (b) exhibits a specified X-ray powder diffraction pattern showing the reflections set out in Table A of the specification; (c) in the formula which represents the composition of the silicate expressed in terms of moles of the oxides, the (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3)/SiO.sub.2 molar ratio is lower than 0.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 1980Date of Patent: March 9, 1982Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Petrus F. A. Van Grinsven, Martin F. M. Post
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Patent number: 4313821Abstract: A process for removing undesirable elements, e.g. nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, from the light organic liquid product derived from a solvent refined coal liquefaction process, while preserving octane number, which comprises the steps of (1) subjecting the light liquids to an ion-exchange resin treatment and (2) contacting the resulting ion-exchanged liquids with a zeolite acting as an adsorbent under specified conditions of space velocity, temperature and pressure.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 1980Date of Patent: February 2, 1982Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: William E. Garwood, Sterling E. Voltz, Ellen L. Wu
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Patent number: 4255162Abstract: Sulfur-containing fuels are converted to substantially sulfur-free combustible gas in an integrated process involving part combustion in a dense phase fluidized conversion bed of particles comprising alkaline earth metal oxides. An oxygen-containing gas is passed into the base of the bed to maintain a relatively high fuel/air ratio. Sulfur is chemically fixed in the particles by reaction to form alkaline earth metal sulfide. Particles containing alkaline earth metal sulfide are circulated from one region of the conversion bed to one region of a dense phase fluidized regeneration bed operated at a higher temperature and fluidized by passing into the base thereof an oxygen-containing gas which exothermically regenerates chemically active alkaline earth metal oxide from the sulfide liberating gases which have a low oxygen content and a relatively high content of sulfur moieties (e.g. SO.sub.2).Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 1979Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventor: Gerald Moss