Abstract: A process for purifying extracted oil, byproducts, and wastewater, including the steps of: providing a composition having at least one solvent, an alkaline agent, a deflocculant, at least one surfactant selected from the group comprising an alkoxylated alcohol surfactant, an alkylamino-polyethoxy-sulfate surfactant, a polyether-phosphate ester surfactant, a surfactant that is a phosphate ester of an ethoxylated alcohol, and a surfactant that is a polyethyleneglycol monoaklyl ether, and a bonding agent; and associating the composition with at least one of extracted oil, byproducts, and wastewater—including, but not limited to, froth, middlings, tailings, mature fine tailings, solids, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A rust preventive oil composition includes at least one base oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils and synthetic oils, having a 5%-distillation temperature of not less than 140° C. and not more than 250° C., a 95%-distillation temperature of 250° C. or less, a difference between the 5%-distillation temperature and the 95%-distillation temperature of 90° C. or less, an aromatic content of 5% by volume or less, a naphthene content of not less than 30% by volume and not more than 95% by volume, a density at 15° C. of 0.75 g/cm3 or more, and a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of not less than 0.3 mm2/s and not more than 5.0 mm2/s; at least one base oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils and synthetic oils; and a rust-preventing additive.

Abstract: A method for processing an acidic hydrocarbon feed comprising a hydrocarbon material and an acidic constituent soluble in the feed is provided. The method may comprise contacting the feed under a first condition with an active agent having an initial solubility in the feed and the acidic constituent and providing a second condition wherein the active agent has a secondary solubility in the feed lesser than the initial solubility to form a separable enriched active agent phase. The acidic constituent solubility in the active agent may be greater than its solubility in the hydrocarbon material under both the first and second conditions such that the acidic constituent dissolves in the active agent. The acidic constituent solubility in the active agent under the second condition may be greater than its solubility in the active agent under the first condition.

Abstract: A process for converting feedstock into liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate includes the steps of providing an unconventional feedstock for producing liquid hydrocarbon fuel, providing a heated heat transfer medium flowing through at least one thermal reaction zone under substantially carbon rejection process conditions and placing the feedstock onto the heated heat transfer medium flow so that the feedstock substantially rides on the flow surface of the heated heat transfer medium without substantially any mixing of the feedstock with the heat transfer medium, vaporizing at least a portion of the feedstock to form vapours while the feedstock is in the thermal reaction zones by heat transfer to the feedstock from the heat transfer medium and condensing the vapours into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel condensate.

Abstract: A dual riser FCC process is disclosed wherein first and second hydrocarbon feeds (5, 6) are supplied to the respective first and second risers (2, 4) to make an effluent rich in ethylene, propylene and/or aromatics. Where the hydrocarbon feeds are different, the respective risers can have different conditions to favor conversion to ethylene and/or propylene. A minor amount of a coke precursor (80, 82) can be added to one or both of the hydrocarbon feeds (5, 6) to reduce or eliminate the amount of supplemental fuel needed to heat balance the system. The different feeds, including the coke precursor and any recycle streams (36, 44) can be segregated by type to improve olefin yields, including an embodiment where the paraffinic feeds are supplied to one riser and the olefinic feeds to the other.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of purifying hydrocarbon streams from metallic impurities which comprises passing the stream through media comprising alumina with relatively minor amounts of calcia and magnesia.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for preparing a low sulfur motor gasoline utilizing ethanol and caustic extraction.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating carbonaceous materials is disclosed. The carbonaceous material is contacted with steam and with empirical hydrates of alkali metal hydrosulfides, monosulfides, or polysulfides. The process hydrocracks, hydrogenates, denitrogenates, demetallizes, and desulfurizes. In a preferred embodiment, hydrogen sulfide is co-fed to the reaction zone.

Abstract: Method for removing a hydride of an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, or mixtures thereof, from a hydrocarbon stream, a gas stream, or a mixture of the two streams by initially reducing the free water concentration of the stream or streams or raising the temperatures of the same and subsequently contacting the essentially moisture free effluent with soda lime.

Abstract: A method for treating sulfur-containing lubricating oil, by contacting the oil with iodine in the presence of an aqueous solution of alkali and thereafter separating the treated oil from the contacting solution. A lubricating oil having increased resistance to oxidation produced by this method.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a stabilized lubricating oil resistant to oxidation and sludge formation upon exposure to a highly oxidative environment, such as when metals are present and an overbased component is present in the lubricating oil, is provided. In the present process wherein a lubricating oil stock to be upgraded is contacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminosilicate, a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, a sulfide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, clay, silica, silica combined with an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, III-A, IV-B or V-B, and combinations thereof, at relatively low temperatures of from about 150.degree. to about 225.degree.

Abstract: Non-paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, in a stream of paraffinic hydrocarbons are removed in an operation adaptable for continuous operation by contacting the paraffinic hydrocarbon stream with an oxidation system comprising an aqueous solution of hypochlorite, such as sodium hypochlorite, and a ruthenium species, such as ruthenium dioxide, as the oxidation catalyst. The ruthenium species is oxidized by the hypochlorite to a higher oxidation state with resulting selective oxidation of the non-paraffinic hydrocarbons to water-soluble compounds and/or CO.sub.2. A stream of paraffinic hydrocarbons having a substantially reduced content of or substantially free of non-paraffinic hydrocarbons is recoverable and, if desired, a stream of recovered paraffinic hydrocarbons may be recycled for additional contact with the oxidation system.

Abstract: Improved processes for the combined desulfurization and hydroconversion of various sulfur-containing pertroleum oils, and particularly various residua feedstocks, are disclosed. These feedstocks are thus contacted with alkali metals, such as sodium, in the molten state, in a conversion zone maintained at specified conditions such that the feedstocks are both desulfurized and subjected to significant hydroconversion, particularly demonstrated by significant reductions in the 1,050.degree. F+ fraction of these feedstocks, as well as significantly decreased Conradson carbon and increased API gravity. In addition, the deep demetallization and moderate denitrogenation of these feedstocks is also achieved. These important results are obtained by maintaining the conversion zone at temperatures of above 750.degree. F, and in the presence of sufficient added hydrogen to produce a hydrogen pressure in the conversion zone of between about 1500 and 3000 psig.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residua, heavy crude oils and the like, are converted to predominantly liquid hydrocarbon products by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a regenerable alkali metal carbonate molten medium containing a glass-forming oxide, such as boron oxide, at a temperature in the range of from above about the melting point of said molten medium to about 1000.degree.F. and at elevated pressures. Preferably, the regenerable molten medium comprises an oxide of boron in combination with a mixture of sodium and lithium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. The carbonaceous materials (coke) which are formed in the molten medium during the above-described conversion process are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from above about the melting point of said medium to about 2000.degree.F.