Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide gas evolution from water or hydrocarbons, especially during storage or transport of petroleum residua is suppressed by the incorporation of an effective amount of a diamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently an alky radical containing 1 to 14 carbon atoms, (CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sub.6 or cycloalkyl containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or methyl. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be alkylene groups joined together with their respective adjacent N to form a heterocyclic ring. R.sub.6 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and methods for controlling undesirable coke formation and deposition commonly encountered during the high temperature processing of hydrocarbons. Coke formation can be inhibited by adding a sufficient amount of a combination of a boron compound and a dihydroxyphenol.

Abstract: Boiler fouling, particularly in air preheater section, is minimized by combining with a substance designed to neutralize acids a detergent builder such as the sodium, potassium and ammonium phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, metasilicates, borates, metaborates and sesquicarbonates.

Abstract: In a refinery operation for producing asphalt, a metal organic acid salt is used to reduce H.sub.2 S caused by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons in the asphalt.

Abstract: A method of neutralizing chloride ions present in a hydrocarbon medium during processing in a petroleum refinery. Nitrilotriacetic acid or its salt form is injected into the crude charge upstream of the preheat unit. Chloride levels are reduced in this way without the deleterious effects which result from treatment with the conventionally used NaOH.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulphide is scavenged from a feedstock comprising crude oil and hydrogen sulphide by adding a compound of general formula ##STR1## to the feedstock. R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkyl aryl group wherein the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group.Preferred scavengers include acetic anhydride and triacetamide.

Abstract: Water soluble corrosion inhibitors which exhibit low hydrocarbon carryunder are prepared by reaction of alkylenepolyamines and formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for abating corrosion caused by ammonium bisulfate in a crude column overhead transfer line operated at a temperature above the nominal aqueous dew point and in contact with a crude oil feed stream containing sulfur oxides, ammonia and a hydrochloric acid neutralizing amine, which process comprises maintaining a chloride level in said crude oil feed stream sufficient to provide a mole ratio of ammonium chloride to ammonium bisulfate of greater than about 20 in said crude column overhead transfer line.

Abstract: An improved method for reducing fouling and corrosion of ethylene cracking furnaces petroleum feedstocks, the improvement comprising treating the petroleum feed stock with at least 10 ppm of a combination of a phosphorous antifoulant compound and a filming inhibitor. The antifoulant compound is chosen from the group consisting of phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters and mixtures thereof, said esters being characterized by the formulas ##STR1## where X equals S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water soluble amine, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl group provided that in at least one and not more than two of each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are water soluble amines having partition coefficients greater than 1.0 mixed with a filming amount of at least 2-20 ppm imidazoline filming inhibitor prepared preferably from naphthenic or fatty acids and poly amines.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for inhibiting the degradation, particulate and gum formation of distillate fuel oils prior to or during processing which comprises adding to the distillate fuel oil an effective inhibiting amount of a mixture of (a) a phosphite compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different and are alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups, and (b) an effective amount of hydroxylamine, having the formula. ##STR2## wherein R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups, wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is from about 1:10 to about 10:1.

Abstract: A process for substantially neutralizing the volatile acid gases and water present in the condensate of a distilling pertroleum product which comprises treating the distilling product prior to the condensation thereof with at least one amine having a boiling point below 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced by the partial oxidation of a feedstock comprising petroleum coke containing metal sulfide compounds and metal oxy-sulfide compounds and having an ash that contains nickel, vanadium and silicon. In the process, a petroleum coke addition agent, such as elemental iron and/or iron compounds, is introduced into the upper section of a delayed coker and above the level of the nickel and vanadium ash-containing heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel being simultaneously introduced upwardly from the bottom of said delayed coker. By this means the petroleum coke addition agent is distributed uniformly across the surface of liquid hydrocarbonaceous material being coked and then uniformly distributed throughout the liquid fuel. In the delayed coker, a portion of the petroleum coke addition agent is reacted with a portion of the sulfur in the heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel to produce metal oxy-sulfides and metal sulfides.

Abstract: A series of water-dispersible and oil-dispersible corrosion inhibiting solutions are disclosed which contain a polythioether represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, X is a divalent organic radical selected from the group consisting of --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, --C.sub.4 H.sub.8 --, --C.sub.2 C.sub.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 SC.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, n is about 2 to about 40, and p is 0 or 1. The corrosion inhibitor solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon, such as an aromatic solvent or an alcohol, but may be water. Metal equipment can be protected through the use of the invention corrosion inhibiting solutions by contacting metal with an effective amount of inhibiting solution containing the polythioethers in a continuous exposure or batch treatment.

Abstract: Heat recovery from corrosive gases such as sulphurous flue gases and/or flue gases containing organic acids, said corrosive gases being conducted through a primary side of heat exchanger means (I-II) provided in a gas duct (1).Said heat exchanger means are provided with means for repeatedly applying, during normal operation of said heat exchanger means, a protective controllable thin layer to the surfaces of said heat exchanger means, at least whenever the temperature of said corrosive gases exceeds the water dew point, in order to protect said surfaces from corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a reaction product of an alkynediol and a polyalkylene polyamine to control corrosion of metallic surfaces in contact with a substantially anhydrous elevated temperature mixture of a hydrocarbon and propionic acid. The method is particularly useful in controlling the corrosion of overheads in a crude unit of a refinery where problems of this nature are prevalent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces and deposition of particulates in an air preheater system. In the process, a composition (preferably aqueous) comprising a corrosion inhibiting amine and a surfactant having an HLB value of from about 8 to about 20, preferably from about 10 to about 14, is supplied to the combustion gas-in side and/or to the air-in side of the air preheater for protection of the metal surfaces and minimizing such deposits. In a preferred embodiment, the process of the invention can employ an amine salt of a C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 tertiary alkyl amine an amine oxide, or an amine oxide salt, either alone or with a surfactant.

Abstract: Method for cleaning and retarding corrosion of air-cooled heat exchangers used in hydrocarbon processing operations. Treating liquid is discharged at a plurality of locations in the vapor distribution chamber at the inlets to the tubes of air-cooled exchangers. Treating liquid may comprise corrosion inhibitor-laden hydrocarbon or water.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing fouling and corrosion in ethylene cracking furnaces using petroleum feedstocks, the improvement comprising treating the petroleum feedstock with at least 10 ppm of a compound chosen from the group consisting of phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters and mixtures thereof, said esters being characterized by the formulas: ##STR1## where X equals S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water soluble amine, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl group provided that in at least one and not more than two of each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are water soluble amines having partition coefficients greater than 1.0.

Abstract: Tower material corrosion in an atmospheric or sub-atmospheric distillation tower in a coal liquefaction process is reduced or eliminated by subjecting chloride-containing tray contents to an appropriate ion-exchange resin to remove chloride from such tray contents materials.

Abstract: In an atmospheric distillation tower of a coal liquefaction process, tower materials corrosion is reduced or eliminated by introduction of boiling point differentiated streams to boiling point differentiated tower regions.

Abstract: Fractionation apparatus material corrosion in a coal liquefaction system is reduced by addition of compounds having a pK.sub.b <6 to tower feed streams or to the tower itself.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising:(1) polymer acids such as dimer or trimer acids and mixtures thereof, and(2) an alkyl succinic acid or the anhydride thereof, and the weight ratios of (1) to (2) being less than about 3 to 1; and to the use thereof as a corrosion inhibitor.Preferably the weight ratio of (1) to (2) is about 2 to 1 or less and the polymer acid is predominantly trimer acid.

Abstract: The concentration of cyanides in the sour water system of FCC reactor is controlled by injecting such an amount of ammonium polysulfide (APS) into the system that the weight ratio of net free sulfur to simple cyanides in the sour water is about 0.6 to about 3.8. The pH of the sour water is at least 8.0.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream is modified to contain a minor amount of the amide reaction product of a polyalkylene polyamine and a neo-acid having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, the neo-acid having three alkyl groups on the carbon atom which is in the alpha position relative to the carboxylic group, whereby corrosion of iron and other metals contacted by said stream is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon oxidate composition which comprises the reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbon oxidate, as described herein, or the metal salt thereof, with (b) a polyamine, as described herein, and (c) at least one copolymer of an olefin and a comonomer selected from (i) an unsaturated carboxylic acid; or (ii) a vinyl ester of a saturated carboxylic acid, wherein the hydrocarbon oxidate composition comprises a wax oxidate, a petrolatum oxidate or mixtures thereof and has a very high viscosity, increased molecular weight and sinewy characteristics and is useful as a lubricant, grease, or protective coating.

Abstract: Corrosion of the process equipment in solvent extraction units utilizing N methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the selective extraction solvent is significantly reduced by means of a sacrificial metal contacting zone or bed containing a metal or metal alloy with a higher electro chemical potential than the metals used in the extraction unit vessels and lines. Preferred sacrificial metals are magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, and strontium, most preferably magnesium, as metal strips, shavings, ribbons, sponge, filings, chips, blocks, bricks, etc.

Abstract: Nitrogen and sulfur contaminants are removed from an aqueous stream containing the same by steam stripping the aqueous stream to produce a first vapor stream, containing water and a major portion of NH.sub.3 and H.sub.2 S, reducing the temperature of the first vapor stream to a temperature at which a substantial portion of H.sub.2 S is insoluble in water to produce a second vapor stream, containing a major portion of the H.sub.2 S, and a second liquid stream, containing a major portion of the NH.sub.3, and separating the second vapor and liquid streams. The second liquid stream is added to a fluid containing acidic materials to reduce corrosion and the formation of solid deposits. Preferably, the aqueous stream is obtained from refinery operations and the fluid containing acidic materials is the overhead of a crude oil fractional distillation step.

Abstract: A nonpolluting process for neutralizing corrosive acid components in the overheads of petroleum distillation units is disclosed. In the process, ammonia is added to said units and carried overhead. The overhead is condensed to yield hydrocarbon phase and an ammonia-containing aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is stripped to yield an ammoniacal steam that is returned to the distillation units and a substantially ammonia-free bottoms.

Abstract: In the thermal cracking of or heating of hydrocarbons, for example naphtha, a carbonization reaction incidentally takes place due to the fact that Ni, Fe and Co contained in, for example, the conduits of the thermal cracking apparatus have a catalytically carbonizing action. The aim of the present invention is to effectively suppress carbon deposition promoted by these elements, to provide for the incorporation of an inhibitor element, e.g. Li, Na, Ba, Be, Ca, Mg or their oxides, into the heat-resistant alloy, and to form on the surface of this alloy a carbon deposition suppressing layer which comprises an inhibitor element.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream is modified to contain a minor amount of the amide reaction product of a polyalkylene polyamine, a neo-acid having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, the neo-acid having three alkyl groups on the carbon atom which is in the alpha position relative to the carboxylic group, and an aliphatic fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, whereby corrosion of iron and other metals contacted by said stream is significantly reduced.

Abstract: Salts of polymaleic acids, having molecular weights of from 200 to 1,500, with amines, of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and each is hydrogen, C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl and R.sup.3 is C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or C.sub.9 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units. The neutralizing agent comprises a member selected from the group of dimethylaminoethanol and dimethylisopropanolamine. The neutralizing agent may be added directly to the charge, in a reflux line, or directly to the overhead line of the refining unit. In those instances in which sour crude is to be refined, it is desirable that dimethylisopropanolamine be used in conjunction with the dimethylaminoethanol. The neutralizing agents are added in an amount sufficient to elevate the pH of the condensate (as measured at the accumulator) to within the pH range of 4.5-7.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting corrosion in halohydrocarbon systems such as haloethylene or other corrosive systems, which comprises treating such system with alkyl, alkenyl, or alkyl-X succinic acids or derivatives thereof, for example, salts thereof, where X is an oxygen, sulfur, amino, etc. containing group.

Abstract: Alcohols may be inhibited against corrosion by addition thereto of a reaction product of a maleic anhydride and certain amines typified by alkyl isopropoxy aminopropyl amines.

Abstract: Polyhydroxy-polyalkylene-polyamine salts of maleic amide acids are useful metal corrosion inhibitors for use in water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of reducing the amount of corrosion resulting in a petroleum process operation wherein N-methyl pyrrolidone is utilized as one of the components by adding an effective corrosion inhibiting amount of an ester additive formed from a polycarboxylic acid and glycol or glycerol, preferably a dimer acid of linoleic acid and diethylene glycol.

Abstract: Composition providing aluminum corrosion resistance comprising aqueous and/or alcohol solution of a polymerizable-acid graft copolymer consisting of a poly(oxyalkylene) compound grafted with an unsaturated acid, said graft copolymer having a percent graft of between about 1 and about 60 percent. Typical acids would be those selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic and maleic acids.

Abstract: In a method for the liquefaction of coal which has chlorine-containing compounds therein, which method comprises the hydrogenation of the coal in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement which comprises neutralizing the compounds with an alkali metal hydrogen sulfide whereby H.sub.2 S is produced. In a preferred form of the invention, the H.sub.2 S is reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide to produce the alkali metal hydrogen sulfide which, in turn, is recycled into the hydrogenation step.

Abstract: The invention relates to corrosion inhibitors which are amides of cyclic amidines. The inhibitors are particularly useful for preventing the corrosion of metals caused by H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 in water-in-oil, particularly in saltwater-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to corrosion inhibitors prepared by reacting certain imidazolines or precursors thereof with sulfur. The corrosion inhibitors are particularly useful in inhibiting corrosion of metal tanks caused by CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S ("acid gas") during the transport and storage of crude oils.

Abstract: Protection of cast austenitic stainless steel tubes is provided against initiation of carburization by (a) cold-working the inner surfaces of said tubes to deform the surface to such a degree that upon the subsequent heat treatment of step (b) below, dissolution of the M.sub.23 C.sub.6 carbides in the deformed region is accompanied by recrystallization resulting in a refined micrograin structure in the deformed regions to a substantially uniform minimum depth of about 20 microns; and (b) heating the cold-worked inner surfaces of said tubes, for an effective amount of time, at a temperature between its recrystallization temperature and its melting temperature, in an atmosphere of which the oxygen partial pressure is at least oxidizing with respect to chromium.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the corrosion of metals in contact with petroleum and petroleum fractions other than gasoline comprises contacting metal surfaces with a corrosion inhibiting amount of bis-amides resulting from reaction of one mole of amine with one equivalent of a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Means for adding corrosion inhibitor to an engine cooling system utilizing a corrosion detector in contact with the circulating coolant and which is in an electronic circuit to activate a control valve which controls the feeding of corrosion inhibitor solution from a reservoir that is in selective communication with the coolant system. The corrosion detector may be in the form of a probe that measures solution potential or electrical resistance of a metal wire as it corrodes due to the corrosiveness of the coolant. The corrosion inhibitor reservoir is located either in communication with the line between the radiator and coolant reservoir or in a by-pass line parallel with the radiator.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymerized aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds as illustrated by compounds containing nitrogen heterocyclic rings and uses thereof.Polymerization is effected by treating said aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds at elevated temperatures and pressures with catalytic amounts of alkyl halides.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion in separation units of water-free petroleum and petrochemical hydrocarbon processing systems which comprises adding a compound corresponding to Formula I below either alone or in combination with a film-forming amine corrosion inhibitor to the hydrocarbon being processed:Formula IR--O--(CH.sub.2)nNH.sub.2,wherein n is 2 or 3 and R is a lower alkyl radical of not more than 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing alkylpyridines and N-substituted alkyldihydropyridines from hexahydrotriazines. These products may be further reacted to form other compositions. The products of the reaction are useful as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Low toxicity, low pollution potential compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous metallic parts in aqueous systems. The compositions have no chromate, no polyphosphate and no borate and consist essentially of alkali metal nitrite, alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and an azole. Preferably the compositions also include an alkali metal silicate and small amounts of an alkali metal hydroxide. In the corrosion inhibiting method, the aforesaid compositions are added to the system water in amounts sufficient to provide from about 100 to 10,000 parts per million ("ppm") of alkali metal nitrite, the primary inhibitor.

Abstract: An oil dispersible rust inhibitor consisting of a chemical complex of a metal nitrite with a hetero-atomic aprotic polar organic solvent. Preferred metal nitrites are the alkali, alkaline earth metals or nickel, zinc, or cadmium nitrites. Preferred solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dibutylformamide, n-methylpyrrolidone, dioxane, ethylcarbonate, tetrahydrofuran and their derivatives. The complex is prepared by reacting a nitrite ion with a solution of a basically reacting metal salt in the selected solvent. The excess metal salt is removed from the solution after completion of the reaction. The complex is readily solubilized in oil through the use of common dispersants.

Abstract: A method of neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units in which distillation is taking place, which method comprises adding a compound corresponding to Formula I below either alone or in combination with a film-forming amine to the petroleum product being distilled:Formula Ir--o--(ch.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2wherein n is 2 or 3 and R is a lower alkyl radical of not more than 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to the inhibition of corrosion in fuels, for example, in residual fuels, such as in those fuels used in steam boilers, process heaters and gas turbines, etc., by adding Mg/Si/Mn combinations thereto. Mg/Si/Mn combinations are not only very effective in inhibiting both corrosion and slag at high Na/V ratios but also produce other benefits including the reduction in smoke emissions when the fuel is combusted at improper fuel/air ratios.