Abstract: Process for the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a short residue by (a) catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percentage RCT reduction is kept between defined limits, followed by (b) solvent deasphalting of the (vacuum or atmospheric) distillation residue of the hydrotreated product.

Abstract: In the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a short residue by a two-stage process comprising catalytic hydrotreatment followed by solvent deasphalting and recycle of the asphalt to the first stage, the catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction in the first stage is carried out at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- production per percent RCT reduction is kept between defined limits.

Abstract: In the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a precipitation asphalt by a two-stage process comprising catalytic hydrotreatment followed by solvent deasphalting and recycle of the separated asphalt to the first stage, the catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction in the first stage is carried out at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percent RCT reduction is kept between defined limits.

Abstract: A process for producing additional liquid products from a heavy hydrocarbon material by vis-breaking of a separated asphaltene-containing fraction under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. The asphaltene-containing fraction is obtained by contacting the heavy hydrocarbon material with a first solvent under elevated temperature and pressure conditions to separate the asphaltenes as a heavy phase from the remainder of the heavy hydrocarbon material. The products of the vis-breaking operation comprise distillable and substantially nondistillable liquid products in association with a residue including organometallic compounds. The distillable and substantially nondistillable liquid products then are separated from the residue. The distillable products can be separated by distillation. The nondistillable products are separated from the residue employing a second solvent maintained under elevated temperature and pressure conditions and then recovered as a liquid phase product.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an asphaltene-containing, hydrocarbonaceous black oil in a catalytic slurry reaction zone wherein an admixture of converted hydrocarbonaceous oil and deasphalter solvent is recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an asphaltene-containing, hydrocarbonaceous black oil in a catalytic slurry reaction zone wherein an admixture of converted hydrocarbonaceous oil and unconverted asphaltenes is recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons to produce olefins, improvement of recovering hydrocarbons boiling above 200.degree. C. from the thermal cracking stage, preferably removing polymeric components therefrom, catalytically hydrogenating resultant hydrocarbons boiling above 200.degree. C., and recycling resultant hydrogenated hydrocarbons to the thermal cracking stage.

Abstract: An improvement in the solvent extraction of nonhydrocarbons from a synfuel liquid, e.g., shale oil, involves that the extract from the extractor, rather than being recycled directly back to the extractor, is first hydrotreated. A further improvement involves that a portion of the hydrotreated extract is fractionated and a light fraction is returned to the extractor. Use of the hydrotreated extract as recycle increases the efficiency of the extractor. A still further improvement involves the use as a selective solvent of one of the following: dialkylformamide, aldehydomorpholine, keto-morpholine, morpholine or an aliphatic aromatic ketone. These preferred solvents have the advantage of providing a clear interface between the extract and raffinate in the extractor. Removal of the nonhydrocarbons permits production of more hydrocarbons having enhanced utility as a jet fuel from a synfuel liquid than otherwise would be possible.

Abstract: Isotropic carbonaceous pitches are fluxed with an organic liquid thereby providing a fluid pitch which has substantially all of the quinoline insoluble material suspended in the pitch and which quinoline insoluble material is readily separable from the fluid pitch by filtration, centrifugation and the like. Thereafter the pitch is treated with an anti-solvent so as to precipitate at least a substantial portion of the pitch free of the quinoline insoluble solids.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the nitrogen content of shale oil using mild hydrogenation followed by liquid sulfur dioxide extraction of the hydrogenated shale oil. The mild hydrogenation is effective for increasing the fraction of shale oil that is insoluble in the liquid sulfur dioxide. The mild hydrogenation is sufficient for saturating unsaturated compounds present in the shale oil to the substantial exclusion of adding hydrogen to the nitrogen of the nitrogen-containing compounds. Following hydrogenation of the shale oil, it is extracted with liquid sulfur dioxide at a temperature from about 14.degree. F. to about 60.degree. F. forming two fractions, a liquid sulfur dioxide insoluble fraction containing a relatively low nitrogen content and a liquid sulfur dioxide soluble fraction containing a relatively high nitrogen content. The liquid sulfur dioxide fraction is separated from the insoluble shale oil fraction. The liquid sulfur dioxide can be recovered for recycling to another extraction step.

Abstract: In an olefin plant in which ethylene, propylene and butenes are prepared, a dripolene fraction is recovered, hydrogenated and a C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 hydrogenated hydrocarbon stream derived from such hydrogenated dripolene is aromatized in the presence of a hydrogen rich recycle stream and in the presence of a catalyst containing platinum and chloride on aluminum whereby the aromatics content is increased above the approximately 64% aromatics content of the hydrogenated C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 hydrocarbon stream. The aromatics are extracted from the liquid effluent from the aromatization zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously converting a heavy oil into an asphaltene-metal-free oil by hydrotreating said heavy oil to crack asphaltenes selectively and remove heavy metals such as vanadium and nickel from said heavy oil simultaneously (hereinafter briefly referred to as "removal of metals"), separating the liquid products into a light fraction of an asphaltene-free and metal-free oil and a heavy fraction of an asphaltene and heavy metal-containing oil (hereinafter referred to as a "heavy fraction"), recovering said light fraction as a product, and recycling said heavy fraction to said hydrotreating step.

Abstract: An intentionally produced low octane value alkylate is reformed in the presence of steam, and in the absence of added hydrogen, to produce a high octane value, olefinic reformate containing aromatics. The reformate, upon fractionation to remove hydrogen and methane and C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, which can be recycled, is subjected to solvent extraction to produce a raffinate which can be used as high octane gasoline and which contains olefins, and an extract which, upon fractionation to remove xylenes therefrom as usable product, and which now contains benzene and toluene, can be combined with said raffinate.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon hydrocracking process is disclosed wherein residual nitrogen-containing and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon impurities are extracted from bottoms of the resulting hydrocrackate by contacting the bottoms under liquid-liquid extracting conditions with a furfural solution of ferric chloride.

Abstract: A saturated hydrocarbon charge containing both butane and isobutane is subjected to selective hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst comprising a specific carrier and 0.1 - 10 % b.w. of rhodium. Butane is thus selectively converted to ethane and propane, while isobutane is preserved or formed and can be recovered from the reaction product.

Abstract: A process for converting a naphtha feedstock to a pure benzene including the steps of: reforming the naphtha; removing a major fraction of C.sub.4 - C.sub.5 and heavy reformate components to obtain a reformate containing a major portion of C.sub.6 - C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons and an associated saturated portion; extracting the aromatic hydrocarbons from the reformate countercurrently in a simplified process with a selective hydrophilic solvent, such as sulfolane, having high solubility for aromatic hydrocarbons and low solubility for paraffinic hydrocarbons to obtain an extract stream rich in C.sub.6 - C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons and a raffinate stream rich in paraffinic hydrocarbons; and recovering the selective solvent from the extract stream to obtain an aromatic component comprising a major C.sub.6 - C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons and about 3 to 18 wt. % paraffinic hydrocarbon impurity.

Abstract: In a system wherein a topped crude catalytic cracking system and a gas oil catalytic cracking system are operated, and the heavy cycle oils from each system are combined and the combined heavy cycle oil stream is solvent extracted to provide an aromatic extract suitable as feed for a carbon black operation, the aromaticity of the extract is increased by passing a substantial portion of the topped crude heavy cycle oil to the gas oil fractionator and recovering a heavy cycle oil from the gas oil fractionator as charge to solvent extraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the production of deashed coal which includes contacting coal with coal dissolving solvent at elevated temperature and pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere and thereafter passing the resulting mixture to a vacuum tower to remove coal dissolving solvent for recirculation and leave vacuum tower still bottoms, which are substantially free of coal dissolving solvent. Said still bottoms then are contacted with a solubilizing solvent to dissolve a substantial quantity of said still bottoms after which said dissolved still bottoms are separated from undissolved still bottoms. The separation procedure may be effected by settling, countercurrent decantation, or filtration using pressure precoated rotary and plate filters and the like.

Abstract: Process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly benzene and/or toluene from a feed charge containing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, by catalytic treatment of said charge with hydrogen, fractionation of the resulting product to separate a fraction containing benzene and/or toluene, extractive distillation of at least one aromatic hydrocarbon in a column, by means of an extraction solvent from which said hydrocarbon is subsequently separated, and recycling to the reaction zone of at least one portion of the products recovered at the top of said extractive distillation column and containing essentially C.sub.6 and C.sub.7 saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the production of lubricating oil base which is stable to ultraviolet light, which comprises extracting a mixture of a hydrocracked oil and decanted oil with furfural.

Abstract: Lubricating oils are prepared by a sequence of steps comprising hydrorefining, fractionation and blending.